300+ REAL TIME Surveying Objective Questions & Answers 2023

250+ TOP MCQs on Introduction – Accessories For Linear Measurement – 1 and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Introduction – Accessories For Linear Measurement – 1”.

1. Chains are made up of ______
a) High steel carbon
b) Galvanized mild steel
c) Copper coated iron
d) Iron

Answer: b
Clarification: Straight links are bent into rings at the end and joined each other. Only galvanized mild steel is suitable for bending and cost effective.

2. The distance between the centers of two consecutive middle rings is _______
a) Chain length
b) Chain effective length
c) Effective link length
d) Link length

Answer: d
Clarification: Number of links is multiplied to the length of link to give chain length. Chain length is the sum of lengths of all links. Link length is always considered between the centers of two consecutive middle rings.

3. The length of the chain is measured from the outside of one handle to the ___________ of the other handle.
a) Inside
b) Outside
c) Centre
d) Before one link

Answer: b
Clarification: Length of chain is the end to end distance of complete chain. Chain length is the sum of lengths of all links.

4. Metric chains are generally available in _________
a) 15m
b) 120m
c) 20m
d) 25m

Answer: c
Clarification: Metric chains are available in 5, 10, 20 and 30 metres. These are as per Indian Standard Codes, it may vary with country such as America Standard codes etc.

5. Tallies are fixed at every _______ metre length for chains of 10m length.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 2.5
d) 0.5

Answer: a
Clarification: Tallies are provided at every one meter in case of 5 and 10 meter chains. These are also provided at every 5 meters in case of 20m and 30m chains.

6. What is provided at every meter in case of 20m and 30m chains?
a) Tallies
b) Pegs
c) Arrows
d) Brass rings

Answer: d
Clarification: Tallies are provided at every 5m in case of 20m and 30m chains. Brass rings are used as a mark for required distance. In this case, small brass rings are provided at every meter.

7. The letter ‘m’ marked on the tallies refers to _____
a) Metre
b) Metric chain
c) Non Metric chain
d) Mild steel

Answer: b
Clarification: The tallies used for marking distances in the metric chains are marked with the letter ‘m’ in order to distinguish them from non-metric chains.

8. Length of each link in metric chain is ________
a) 1m
b) 2m
c) 0.5m
d) 0.1m

Answer: a
Clarification: 5m, 10m and 20m length chains have 5, 10 and 20 links respectively. These are as per Indian Standard Codes, it may vary with a country such as America Standard codes etc.

9. Length of Gunter’s chain is ______
a) 10ft
b) 33ft
c) 66ft
d) 100ft

Answer: c
Clarification: Gunter’s chains are used to measure lengths or distances in fields. Gunter’s chain is 66ft long and was originally adopted for convenience in land measurement since 10 sq chains are equal to 1 acre.

10. Length of each link in Gunter’s chain is ______
a) 7.92 ft
b) 0.6 inch
c) 7.92 inch
d) 0.6 m

Answer: c
Clarification: 0.6ft or 7.92 inch is the length of each link in the case of Gunter’s chain. Length of Gunter’s chain is always considered in ft. The total length of Gunter’s chain is 66ft.

11. One furlong is equal to ________ Gunter’s chains.
a) 1
b) 10
c) 66
d) 80

Answer: b
Clarification: One furlong is equal to 660 ft. Gunter’s chain length is 66ft. Therefore one furlong is equal to 10 Gunter’s chains.

12. How many numbers of links in the case of Gunter’s chain?
a) 66
b) 100
c) 50
d) 80

Answer: b
Clarification: Each link length is 0.6ft and chain length is 66ft. Therefore 100 links of each o.6ft make one Gunter’s chain.

13. One mile is equal to _______ Gunter’s chains.
a) 10
b) 66
c) 80
d) 79

Answer: c
Clarification: 80 Gunter’s chains = 1 mile. Length of each Gunter’s chain is 66ft. 5280 ft is approximately equal to one mile. Therefore, to measure one mile distance 80 Gunter chains are required.

14. Length of engineer’s chain _______
a) 66ft
b) 100ft
c) 66m
d) 100m

Answer: b
Clarification: Length of one link is one ft. Total 100 links forms a chain of length 100ft. Engineer’s chain is always measured in ft.

15. How many number of links are there in engineer’s chain?
a) 10
b) 100
c) 50
d) 66

Answer: b
Clarification: Length of each link is one ft. Length of the engineer’s chain is 100ft. Therefore, dividing total length of chain by length of each chain gives the total number of links.

250+ TOP MCQs on Surveyor’s Compass and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Surveyor’s Compass”.

1. Surveyor’s compass is instrument for measuring angles.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Surveyor’s compass is an instrument for the direct measurement of direction. Instruments for measurement of angles are sextant and theodolite.

2. Which of the following is not the most convenient and portable instrument for direct measurement of directions?
a) Prismatic compass
b) Surveyor’s compass
c) Theodolite
d) Sextant
Answer: b
Clarification: Surveyor’s compass is the not most convenient and portable form of magnetic compass. Prismatic compass can be used as a hand instrument or can be fitted on a tripod also.

3. Which of the following is a part of surveyor’s compass?
a) Agate cap
b) Prism cap
c) Brake pin
d) Jewel bearing
Answer: d
Clarification: Prism cap, prism, brake pin, spring brake, pivot, agate cap etc are parts of the prismatic compass. Jewel bearing is one of the part of surveyor’s compass.

4. In surveyor’s compass needle is of edge bar type.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Edge bar type of needle is in surveyor’s compass. The needle is of broad needle type and needle doesn’t act as an index in case of a prismatic compass.

5. In which of the following compass needle acts as an index?
a) Prismatic compass
b) Surveyor’s compass
c) Theodolite
d) Sextant
Answer: b
Clarification: In case of surveyors compass needle acts as an index. In the case of a prismatic compass needle doesn’t acts as index.

6. In which of the following compass graduated card is attached to the box and not to the ring?
a) Prismatic compass
b) Surveyor’s compass
c) Theodolite
d) Sextant
Answer: b
Clarification: The graduated card ring is attached with the needle in case of a prismatic compass. In case of surveyor’s compass, the graduated card is attached to the box and not to the needle.

7. Which of the following instruments cannot be used without a tripod?
a) Prismatic compass
b) Surveyor’s compass
c) Theodolite
d) Sextant
Answer: b
Clarification: Surveyor’s compass cannot be used without a tripod. Prismatic compass can be used with or without a tripod.

8. In surveyor’s compass, graduations are in a Q.B system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In Surveyor’s compass, the graduations are in a Q.B system, having 0° at north and south and 90° at east and west. East and West are interchanged.

9. In which of the following compass graduations are engraved erect?
a) Prismatic compass
b) Surveyor’s compass
c) Theodolite
d) Sextant
Answer: a
Clarification: In case of surveyor’s compass graduations are engraved erect. Prismatic compass graduations are engraved inverted.

10. In which of the following compass sighting and reading taking cannot be done simultaneously from one position of the observer?
a) Prismatic compass
b) Surveyor’s compass
c) Theodolite
d) Sextant
Answer: b
Clarification: In case of surveyor’s compass, reading is taken by directly seeing through the top of the glass. Sighting and reading taking cannot be done simultaneously from one position of the observer.

250+ TOP MCQs on Levelling – Degree of Precision and Answers

Surveying Problems on “Levelling – Degree of Precision”.

1. The degree of precision does not depend upon the type of instrument.
a) true
b) false
Answer: b
Clarification: The degree of precision depends upon the type of instrument, skill of observer, character of country, atmospheric conditions.

2. For a given instrument and atmospheric conditions, the precision depends upon the number of setups.
a) true
b) false
Answer: a
Clarification: For a given instrument and atmospheric conditions, the precision depends upon the number of setups and also upon the length of sights.

3. The precision on plains will be less than that on hills.
a) true
b) false
Answer: b
Clarification: For a given instrument and atmospheric conditions, the precision depends upon the number of setups and also upon the length of sights. Thus, the precision on plains will be less than that on hills.

4. The degree of precision depends upon the skill of an observer.
a) true
b) false
Answer: a
Clarification: The degree of precision depends upon the type of instrument, skill of observer, character of country, atmospheric conditions.

5. What is the error in feet for rough levelling for reconnaissance or preliminary surveys?
a) 0.4×√M
b) 0.1×√M
c) 0.05×√M
d) 0.017×√M
Answer: a
Clarification: According to Indian standards error in feet for rough levelling for reconnaissance or preliminary surveys is given as 0.4×√M.

6. What is the error in feet for ordinary levelling for location and construction surveys?
a) 0.4×√M
b) 0.1×√M
c) 0.05×√M
d) 0.017×√M
Answer: b
Clarification: According to Indian standards the error in feet for ordinary levelling for location and construction surveys is given as 0.1×√M.

7. What is the error in feet for accurate levelling for principal benchmarks or for extensive surveys?
a) 0.4×√M
b) 0.1×√M
c) 0.05×√M
d) 0.017×√M
Answer: c
Clarification: According to Indian standards, the error in feet for accurate levelling for principal benchmarks or for extensive surveys is given as 0.05×√M.

8. What is the error in feet for precise levelling for benchmarks of widely distributed points?
a) 0.4×√M
b) 0.1×√M
c) 0.05×√M
d) 0.017×√M
Answer: d
Clarification: According to Indian standards, the error in feet for precise levelling for benchmarks of widely distributed points is given as 0.017×√M.

9. What is the error in mm for rough levelling for reconnaissance or preliminary surveys?
a) 100 × √K
b) 24 × √K
c) 12.0 × √K
d) 4 × √K
Answer: a
Clarification: According to Indian standards, error in mm for rough levelling for reconnaissance or preliminary surveys is given as 100×√K.

10. What is the error in mm for ordinary levelling for location and construction surveys?
a) 100×√K
b) 24×√K
c) 12.0×√K
d) 4×√K
Answer: b
Clarification: According to Indian standards, error in mm for ordinary levelling for location and construction surveys is given as 24×√K.

11. What is the error in mm for accurate levelling for principal benchmarks or for extensive surveys?
a) 100×√K
b) 24×√K
c) 12.0×√K
d) 4×√K
Answer: c
Clarification: According to Indian standards, the error in mm for accurate levelling for principal benchmarks or for extensive surveys is given as 12.0×√K.

12. What is the error in mm for precise levelling for benchmarks of widely distributed points?
a) 100×√K
b) 24×√K
c) 12.0×√K
d) 4×√K
Answer: d
Clarification: According to Indian standards, the error in mm for precise levelling for benchmarks of widely distributed points is given as 4×√K.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Theodolite Traversing – Closing Error and its Limitation and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Theodolite Traversing – Closing Error and its Limitation”.

1. In order to mitigate the closing error, sum of latitudes and departures must be equal to zero.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The algebraic sum latitudes and algebraic sum of departures must be equal to zero for avoiding the closing error, which will occur when the end point don’t coincide with the starting point.

2. Which among the following determines the direction of closing error?
a) Tan δ = ∑L/∑D
b) Tan δ = ∑L²/∑D²
c) Tan δ = ∑D/∑L
d) Tan δ = ∑D²/∑L²
Answer: c
Clarification: From the figure, Tan δ =∑D/∑L, which will give the direction of the closing error.

3. The sum of interior angles must be equal to_______
a) (2N+4) right angles
b) (2N-4) right angles
c) (2N+4) * 180
d) (2N-4) * 180
Answer: b
Clarification: The theoretical sum of the interior angles of a traverse should equal to (2N-4) right angles, and that of the exterior angles should equal to (2N+4) right angles, where N is the number of sides of a closed traverse.

4. For adjusting the angular error, the error may be distributed equally among all the angles.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: When all angles are measured and under similar conditions, angular error is distributed equally among all the angles. However, if the accuracy of some angle is suspected due to peculiar field conditions, the whole angular error may be assigned to that angle.

5. Closing error can be given as________
a) ((∑L)²+(∑D)²)^1/4
b) (∑L²-∑D²)^1/2
c) (∑L²*∑D²)^1/2
d) ((∑L)²+(∑D)²)^1/2
Answer: d
Clarification: If a closed traverse is plotted according to the field measurements, the end point of the traverse will not coincide exactly with the starting point, due to the errors in the field observations, such as error is known as closing error. This is given as,
Closing error, e = ((∑L)²+(∑D)²)^1/2
Where, ∑L = sum of latitudes, ∑D = sum of departures.

6. Which of the following corresponds to the correction applied to the bearing of the last side?
a) Correction = Ne/N
b) Correction = 2Ne/N
c) Correction = 3Ne/N
d) Correction = e/N
Answer: a
Clarification: If e is the closing error in bearing, and N is the number of the sides of the traverse, then the correction applied to the bearing of the sides will be
Correction to the first bearing = e/N
Correction to the first bearing = 2e/N
And so on to the last bearing = Ne/N = e.

7. If traversing is done by taking bearings of the lines, the closing error in bearing may be determined by _______________
a) Comparing the back and fore bearings of the last line of the open traverse
b) Comparing the back and fore bearings of the middle line of the closed traverse
c) Comparing the back and fore bearings of the last line of the closed traverse
d) Comparing the back and fore bearings of the first line of the closed traverse
Answer: c
Clarification: By comparing the back and fore bearings of the last line of the closed traverse, the error in bearing may be determined by finding the difference between its observed bearing and known bearing.

8. Which of the following is a method of adjusting a closed traverse?
a) Departure method
b) Axis method
c) Tangential method
d) Latitude method
Answer: b
Clarification: The methods which are used to adjust the traverse are Bowditch’s rule, Transit rule, Axis method and Graphical method. These are employed based on the precision of the values obtained during surveying.

9. Relative error of closure is given as____________
a) Perimeter of closure/error of traverse
b) Error of perimeter/perimeter of traverse
c) Perimeter of traverse/error of traverse
d) Error of closure/perimeter of traverse
Answer: d
Clarification: The relative error of closure is used only in case of determination of the sign of latitudes and departures i.e., in which quadrant latitudes and departures lie.

10. Closing error can be briefly explained in which of the following set of methods?
a) Bowditch’s, Transit methods
b) Transit, Axis methods
c) Graphical, Axis methods
d) Bowditch’s, Graphical methods
Answer: c
Clarification: Since more amount of diagrammatic explanation is involved in Graphical and Axis methods, those are able to explain in a brief manner.

11. From the following observations, calculate closing error.

Line	Length (m)	Latitude	Departure
AB	92.96	+92.57	-217.92
BC	157.63	-317.39	+24.62
CA	131.24	+226.19	+192.36

a) 1.66
b) 1.55
c) 1.44
d) 1.99
Answer: a
Clarification: The value of closing error can be given by e = ((∑L)²+(∑D)²)^1/2
Where, ∑L = 92.57 – 317.39 + 226.19 = 1.37
∑D = -217.92 + 24.62 + 192.36 = – 0.94
On substituting, we get e = ((∑L)²+(∑D)²)^1/2
e = (1.37²+ 0.94²)^1/2
e = 1.661.

12. Calculate the direction of closing error for the following data.

Line	Length (m)	Latitude	Departure
AB	24.29	-102.31	-119.22
BC	130.32	+360.24	-204.92
CA	249.11	-257.43	+323.26

a) 50⁰23ꞌ
b) 60⁰29ꞌ
c) 60⁰23ꞌ
d) 62⁰23ꞌ
Answer: c
Clarification: The value of direction for closing error can be given as Tan δ =∑D/∑L, where ∑L = – 102.31 + 360.24 –257.43 = 0.5; ∑D = -119.22 – 204.92 + 323.26 = -0.88. On substitution we get, Tan δ = 0.88 / 0.5 = 60⁰23ꞌ.

13. For a traverse containing 10 sides, what would be the correction applied for the first side, if it consists a closing error of +1.92?
a) 19.0
b) 19.2
c) 1.902
d) 0.192
Answer: d
Clarification: The correction for sides in a traverse is given as correction = e / N, where N is the number of sides and e is the closing error. On substitution, we get, correction = 1.92 / 10 = 0.192.

14. What would be the correction for any side of a traverse in axis method if it has a closing error e = 0.93, length of side and axis would be 243.13 and 100 respectively?
a) 2.131
b) 1.131
c) 1.113
d) 1.311
Answer: b
Clarification: In Axis method of balancing a traverse, correction = length of side * (e/2) / length of axis. On substitution we get,
Correction = 243.13 * (0.93/2) / 100 = 1.131.

15. Which of the following indicates the correct value of precise closing error if e = 0.54 and lengths of sides are 92.69 m, 119.23 m, 92.64 m, 42.96 m and 60.96 m.
a) 1 / 766.445
b) 1 / 746.445
c) 1 / 756.445
d) 1 / 765.445
Answer: c
Clarification: The precise error of closure can be given as, error of closure = e / p
Where e = closing error = 0.54 and p = perimeter of traverse = 92.69 + 119.23 + 92.64 + 42.96 + 60.96 = 408.48 m.
Precise error is given as 0.54 / 408.48 = 1 / 756.445.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Volume Measurement – Trapezoidal Formula”.

1. The trapezoidal formula can be applied only if __________
a) It composes prism and wedges
b) It composes triangles and parallelograms
c) It composes prism and parallelograms
d) It composes triangles and wedges

Answer: a
Clarification: The trapezoidal method is based on the assumption that the mid-area is the mean of the end areas. It is true only if the prismoid is composed of prisms and wedges only but not of pyramids.

2. Trapezoidal formula is also known as ____________
a) Simpson’s rule
b) Co-ordinate method
c) Prismoidal method
d) Average end area method

Answer: d
Clarification: This method is based on the assumption that the mid-area is the mean of the end areas, which make it the Average end area method.

3. Which of the following indicates the assumption assumed in the trapezoidal formula?
a) mid-area is the mean of the starting area
b) mid-area is the mean of the end area
c) mid-area is the mean
d) mid-area is not the mean of the end area

Answer: b
Clarification: Trapezoidal formula is based on the assumption that the mid-area is the mean of the end area. Based on this, the trapezoidal formula will be worked out and further calculations are done.

4. Prismoidal correction can be applied to the trapezoidal formula.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: Every volumetric formula needs certain corrections in order to set the errors occurred. In the case of trapezoidal formula, prismoidal corrections will be applied so as to reduce the error impact.

5. Calculate the volume of third section, if the areas are 76.32 sq. m and 24.56 sq. m with are at a distance of 4 m.
a) 210.11 cu. m
b) 201.67 cu. m
c) 201.76 cu. m
d) 210.76 cu. m

Answer: c
Clarification: Volume of the third section of a prismoid can be calculated as,
V = d/2 (A3 + A4). On substitution, we get
V = 4/2 (76.32 + 24.56)
V = 201.76 cu. m.

6. If the areas of the two sides of a prismoid represent 211.76 sq. m and 134.67 sq. m, which are 2 m distant apart, find the total volume using trapezoidal formula. Consider n=3.
a) 651.99 cu. m
b) 615.99 cu. m
c) 651.77 cu. m
d) 615.77 cu. m

Answer: d
Clarification: The total volume using trapezoidal formula can be given as,
V = d ((A1 + A2/2) + A2). On substitution, we get
V = 2 ((211.76 + 134.67/2) + 134.67)
V = 615.77 cu. m.

7. In trapezoidal formula, volume can be over estimated.
a) False
b) True

Answer: b
Clarification: Due to the consideration of mid-area of the pyramid, volume of the pyramid can be over estimated. But due to the consideration of method of end area, the over estimation can be set right.

8. Determine the volume of prismoid using trapezoidal formula, if the areas are given as 117.89 sq. m and 55.76 sq. m which are 1.5m distant apart.
a) 130.23 cu. m
b) 103.23 cu. m
c) 13.44 cu. m
d) 103.65 cu. m

Answer: a
Clarification: The volume of prismoid in case of trapezoidal formula can be given as,
V = d/2 (A1 + A2). On substitution, we get
V = 1.5/2 (117.89 + 55.76)
V = 130.23 cu. m.

9. Which of the following methods is capable of providing sufficient accuracy?
a) Area by planimeter
b) Area by co-ordinates
c) Prismoidal method
d) Trapezoidal method

Answer: d
Clarification: Trapezoidal method involves the calculation of the volume of the prismoid and the shape acquired by the traverse. During volume calculations, many methods can be employed off which the trapezoidal method is capable of delivering the utmost accuracy.

10. The correction applied in trapezoidal formula is equal to____________
a) Product of calculated volume and obtained volume
b) Summation between calculated volume and obtained volume
c) Difference between calculated volume and obtained volume
d) Division of calculated volume and obtained volume

Answer: c
Clarification: Correction applied in case of the trapezoidal formula is equal to the difference between the volume calculated and that obtained from the prismoidal formula. In general, this correction is known as prismoidal correction and can be applied to the trapezoidal formula.

Category: Surveying Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Introduction – Accessories For Linear Measurement – 1 and Answers

250+ TOP MCQs on Surveyor’s Compass and Answers

250+ TOP MCQs on Levelling – Degree of Precision and Answers

250+ TOP MCQs on Theodolite Traversing – Closing Error and its Limitation and Answers

250+ TOP MCQs on Volume Measurement – Trapezoidal Formula and Answers

250+ TOP MCQs on Curve Surveying – By Offsets from the Tangent and Answers