Category: Surveying Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Photogrammetric Surveying – Parallax in Aerial Stereoscopic Views and Answers

Surveying Objective Questions & Answers on “Photogrammetric Surveying – Parallax in Aerial Stereoscopic Views”.

1. Difference in parallax can be obtained due to___________
a) Distance between zenith
b) Distance between bearing
c) Distance between azimuth
d) Distance between points sights
Answer: d
Clarification: Parallax is a state where there is an apparent movement of point viewed first with one eye and then viewed with another eye. If the difference in distance between the points sighted is measured then it can yield the difference in parallax.

2. Which of the following can be used to view stereo pair?
a) Aerial camera
b) Stereoscope
c) Stereoscopic camera
d) Telescope
Answer: b
Clarification: Stereo pair involves stereoscopic fusion, where the objects which are visualized from left eye and right eye are combined for generating output. Stereo pair can be viewed by using stereoscope and anaglyph.

3. Which of the following doesn’t come under the category of depth perception?
a) Accommodation
b) Head parallax
c) Divergence
d) Retinal display
Answer: c
Clarification: Depth perception involves determining the relative distance between the objects from the observer. It involves certain clues which are required for photogrammetry. Those are head parallax, convergence, accommodation, retinal display.

4. Which of the following indicates the correct set of stereoscope classifications?
a) Lens and azimuth stereoscope
b) Mirror and azimuth stereoscope
c) Mirror and lens stereoscope
d) Mirror stereoscope and stereo pair
Answer: c
Clarification: Stereo pairs can be interpreted by using stereoscope, which is designed for assisting and magnifying perception of depth. Stereoscope has been classified as mirror stereoscope and lens stereoscope.

5. Which of the following indicate parallax equation for ground co-ordinate point?
a) X = B*x + p
b) X = B*x – p
c) X = B*x * p
d) X = B*x / p
Answer: d
Clarification: The parallax equation for the ground co-ordinates of the point taken into consideration can be given as X = B*x / p. Here, B is the point considered, p is the parallax and x is the numerical value.

6. The distance between nodal point and plane of photograph depends on datum height.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: The lens of stereoscope is having a greater importance in terms of visualizing an object. Two magnifying lens were used which makes it sight the object in accurate manner. The distance between nodal point and plane of photograph depends on the focal length of the lens.

7. Displacement due to successive exposures can be given as _____________
a) Visual parallax
b) Multiple exposure
c) Exposure
d) Parallax
Answer: d
Clarification: Parallax in case of stereoscopic view can be given as the displacement of point in the image due to successive exposures. In order to minimize the parallax, difference in parallax is calculated. It is the successive difference in the points taken into consideration.

8. The value of overlapping parallax can be determined by ___________
a) P = x / xꞌ
b) P = x – xꞌ
c) P = x * xꞌ
d) P = x + xꞌ
Answer: b
Clarification: The overlapping parallax indicated by symbol p can be determined by the difference of x-coordinate of the point measured on the left hand photograph to the x-coordinate of the point on right hand photograph.

9. Determine the value of parallax, if the x-coordinate on left hand photograph is 54 and on right hand photograph is 32.
a) 24
b) 12
c) 22
d) 27
Answer: c
Clarification: The parallax can be determined by using the formula,
P = x – xꞌ. On substitution, we get
P = 54 – 32
P = 22.

10. Which of the following doesn’t serve as a condition for an aerial stereoscopic view?
a) Excessive overlapping
b) Elevation of camera for exposure
c) Vertical camera axis
d) Sufficient overlapping
Answer: a
Clarification: The conditions for aerial stereoscopic view include photographs with sufficient overlapping, elevation of the camera for exposure and vertical camera axis. These are meant to be ideal conditions.

To practice all objective questions on Surveying,

250+ TOP MCQs on GPS – Determining Satellite to User Range and Answers

Surveying Questions & Answers for Exams on “GPS – Determining Satellite to User Range”.

1. In pseudo ranging, travel time is measured by ___________
a) PRN code
b) Noise code
c) SPS
d) GPS
Answer: a
Clarification: GPS can generate PRN codes that indicate Pseudo Random Noise. It is transmitted along with the signal. While travelling along with the signal, it is capable of determining the travel time of the signal which is correlated with the reference PRN codes for processing.

2. Satellite to user range can be calculated by using which of the following methods?
a) Relative positioning
b) Absolute positioning
c) Carrier wave
d) Pseudo ranging
Answer: d
Clarification: Pseudo ranging is the measure of distance between satellite and the receiver antenna. It can refer the time of emission and reception of codes by which the satellite and user range can be detected and further used in many cases.

3. For obtaining relative time of transmission and reception of signals, it is required to calculate clock offset.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Clock offset must be placed in the satellite containing GPS so that it can be able to compute the relative time of transmission and reception of radio signal. By knowing this, the satellite to user range can be defined.

4. GPS can also be known as __________
a) GOS
b) Arc GIS
c) GIS
d) NavStar
Answer: d
Clarification: The Global Positioning System can also be determined as NavStar. The main functioning of GPS is to track the location of the specified place or object using the satellites and the receiver.

5. Determine the distance between satellite and user if the time difference can be calculated as 3 min.
a) 54*1019 m
b) 45*102 m
c) 54*109 m
d) 45*109 m
Answer: c
Clarification: The distance between satellite and user can be determined by using the formula,
Distance = speed of light * time difference
Distance = 3*108*(3*60) m
Distance = 54 * 109 m.

6. In order to determine the satellite to user range, which of the following is exceptionally required?
a) Time difference of polarized signals
b) Time difference of signals
c) Time difference of refracted signals
d) Time difference of reflected signals
Answer: b
Clarification: For the determination of the satellite to user range, the time difference between the signal sent and the signal received is compulsory. This can be recorded only if there is a signal. So, for determining range a precise signal is necessary.

7. Almanac contains information about __________
a) Status of the signals
b) Status of the reflection
c) Status of the satellites
d) Status of the aperture
Answer: c
Clarification: The determination of data by GPS involves two procedures almanac and ephemeris. Almanac contains information about the status of the satellites and the approximate orbital information.

8. Trilateration is a plane surveying method.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Trilateration is the basic principle involved in the GPS surveying. This was originally used in case of basic surveying, where the calculation involves a couple of mathematical operations.

9. Accuracy of the position through can be influenced by ____________
a) Refraction
b) Reflection
c) Signal strength
d) Position of satellite
Answer: d
Clarification: There are certain factors which can affect the accuracy of the position obtained by GPS. Those include the position of satellite, atmospheric conditions, satellite clock errors and ephemeris errors.

10. Error in altitude will be twice the horizontal error.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The error in the accuracy of GPS can also be caused due to the increase in altitude of the satellite. The error caused due to the horizontal increase in distance is less when compared to altitude error.

To practice all exam questions on Surveying,

250+ TOP MCQs on Topographic Survey and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Topographic Survey”.

1. Which survey involves in the collection of information about the elevation of points?
a) Topographic survey
b) Marine survey
c) Township survey
d) Road survey
Answer: a
Clarification: Topographic survey involves in the gathering of data of the elevation points of land, which are used in the preparation of contour lines on a plot. It can be able to differentiate man made and naturally occurring lands.

2. Which of the following describes the usage of the topographic survey?
a) Sanitary line maps
b) Water line maps
c) Electric line maps
d) Topographic maps
Answer: d
Clarification: Topographic survey output is used in case of different fields. Those include the production of topographic maps, construction of topographic profiles and establishing vertical and horizontal control for defining locations.

3. Among the following, which is not a principle of the topographic survey?
a) Establishing horizontal and vertical control
b) Orientation of each survey
c) Orientation of only main station
d) Work with most accurate methods
Answer: c
Clarification: The general principles of the topographic survey includes the selection of scale in advance, work with most accurate methods, orientation of each survey, establishing horizontal and vertical control.

4. Horizontal distance measurement can be done by using ________
a) Chaining
b) Tachymetry
c) Theodolite survey
d) Compass survey
Answer: b
Clarification: Tachymetry is adopted in case of topographical surveying for measuring the horizontal distance. This is the optical means of measuring distance using a telescope with a stadia rod.

5. Difference in elevation levels can be determined by using ____________
a) Chaining
b) Vertical staff
c) Leveling staff
d) Level telescope
Answer: d
Clarification: The difference in elevation can be determined by using the level telescope and a stadia rod. It can also be done by measuring the vertical angles and slope distances. These are obtained by calculating the sine of the angle obtained.

6. Which of the following doesn’t include in the method of the topological survey?
a) Vertical distance
b) Horizontal distance
c) Direction
d) Difference in elevation
Answer: a
Clarification: Topological survey involves certain methodology, which can be given as horizontal distance, difference in elevation and direction. Each of these is having certain instrumental usage which makes it best in certain conditions.

7. Vernier scale is used in which of the following methodology?
a) Horizontal angle
b) Direction
c) Vertical angle
d) Marine survey
Answer: b
Clarification: The usage of vernier scale is done in the direction method of topological survey. This is used for having a precise output in the measurements that are recorded. Compass is used while taking horizontal angles.

8. Which of the following is not a type of horizontal angle used in case of topographic survey?
a) Bearing
b) Azimuth
c) Horizontal angle
d) Deflection angle
Answer: c
Clarification: In general, topographic survey involves in the usage of different types of horizontal angles, which are given as bearings, azimuth, deflection angle, interior angle. These are used in the calculations of topological survey.

9. Open traverse is used in case of topological survey.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Topological survey uses the different types of traverses among which, open traverse is commonly adopted. This involves surveying from a known position to unknown position.

10. Shape of the earth can act as an error in case of topological survey.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Topological survey can have certain errors related to the shape of the earth (geoid). This is considered only in the case of geological survey but not in plane surveying. Both of these methods will be adopted based on the accuracy of the output.

250+ TOP MCQs on Chain Folding, Unfolding, Adjustment, Degree of Accuracy – 2 and Answers

Surveying Questions and Answers for Freshers on “Chain Folding, Unfolding, Adjustment, Degree of Accuracy – 2”.

1. Slow sweep with the left hand is signal by a surveyor, action by the assistant is ________
a) Move slowly to the left
b) Move considerably to the left
c) Continue to move to the left
d) Plumb the rod to the left
Answer: a
Clarification: Slow sweep by the surveyor implies that an assistant has to move slowly. Left hand of the surveyor implies the assistant has to move left side.

2. Slow sweep with the right hand is signal by a surveyor, action by the assistant is _________
a) Move slowly to the right
b) Move considerably to the right
c) Continue to move to the right
d) Plumb the rod to the right
Answer: a
Clarification: Slow sweep by the surveyor implies that an assistant has to move slowly. Right hand of the surveyor implies an assistant has to move right side.

3. Both arms extended forward horizontally and the hands depressed briskly is the signal by surveyor then the action of the assistant should be ______
a) Move slowly forward
b) Fix the rod
c) Correct
d) Wrong
Answer: b
Clarification: Both arms extended forward horizontally and the hands depressed briskly by the surveyor imply assistant has to fix the rod. These instructions or gestures are standard ways prescribed as per Indian standards.

4. What type of ranging is done if both ends of surveying lines are visible?
a) Direct
b) Indirect
c) Reciprocal
d) Unable to do
Answer: a
Clarification: Direct ranging is done if both ends of surveying lines are visible. Indirect ranging is done when both ends are not intervisible.

5. What has resorted to when both the ends of the survey line are not intervisible?
a) Direct
b) Indirect
c) Irreciprocal
d) Unable to do
Answer: b
Clarification: Reciprocal ranging is also called indirect ranging. Indirect ranging is done when both ends are not visible.

6. Degree of accuracy for Invar tape, spring balance is _____
a) 1 in 100
b) 1 in 1000
c) 1 in 10,000
d) 1 in 10
Answer: c
Clarification: In the case of Invar tape there is an error of 1 unit in the measured distance of 10,000. It may slightly vary or decrease over a period of time.

7. Degree of accuracy for steel tape, Plumb bob is _______
a) 1 in 100
b) 1 in 1000
c) 1 in 10,000
d) 1 in 10
Answer: b
Clarification: In the case of steel tape there is an error of 1 unit in the measured distance of 1000. Invar tape is 10 times more accurate than steel tape.

8. Degree of accuracy for tested chain is _________
a) 1 in 100
b) 1 in 1000
c) 1 in 10,000
d) 1 in 10
Answer: b
Clarification: In the case of a tested chain there is an error of 1 unit in the measured distance of 1000. It is the same as the Invar tape.

9. Degree of accuracy for chain under the average condition is _______
a) 1 in 500
b) 1 in 50,000
c) 1 in 5000
d) 1 in 50
Answer: a
Clarification: In case of the tested chain there is an error of 1 unit in the measured distance of 1000 units. In case of chain in average conditions there is an error of 1 unit in the measured distance of 500 units.

10. Degree of accuracy for a chain on rough or hilly ground is _________
a) 1 in 500
b) 1 in 2500
c) 1 in 350
d) 1 in 250
Answer: d
Clarification: In case of chain on the rough or hilly ground there is an error of 1 unit in the measured distance of 250. Degree of accuracy for chain decreases for chain on rough or hills areas when compared to smooth or plane surface ground due to the increase in number of irregular slopes.

To practice all areas of Surveying for Freshers,

250+ TOP MCQs on Errors in Compass Traversing and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Errors in Compass Traversing”.

1. Which of the following is not among the classification of errors in compass surveying?
a) Instrumental errors
b) Personal errors
c) Errors due to the natural cause
d) Surveyor errors
Answer: d
Clarification: The errors may be classified as instrumental errors, personal errors, errors due to natural causes. Surveyor errors may come under personal errors.

2. Which of the following is not under instrumental errors?
a) Sluggish needle
b) Blunt pivot joint
c) Inaccurate centring
d) Plane of sight not being vertical
Answer: c
Clarification: Instrumental errors are those which arise due to the faulty adjustment of the instruments. They may be due to the following reasons the needle not being perfectly straight, sluggish needle etc.

3. Line of sight not passing through the centres of the right comes under personal errors.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Line of sight not passing through the centres of the right comes under instrumental errors. Instrumental errors are those which arise due to the faulty adjustment of the instruments.

4. Which of the following error comes under personal errors?
a) The needle not being perfectly straight
b) Pivot being bent
c) Plane of sight not being vertical
d) Inaccurate bisection of signals
Answer: d
Clarification: Instrumental errors are those which arise due to the faulty adjustment of the instrument e.g the needle not being perfectly straight, sluggish needle etc. Inaccurate centring, Inaccurate levelling of compass box, Inaccurate bisection of signals etc comes under personal errors.

5. Inaccurate levelling of the compass box is a personal error in compass surveying.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Inaccurate centring, Inaccurate levelling of compass box, Inaccurate bisection of signals etc comes under personal errors. Careless in reading and recording also.

6. Local attraction due to the proximity of local attraction forces comes under instrumental errors.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Local attraction due to the proximity of local attraction forces comes under natural errors. Variation in declination, magnetic changes in the atmosphere due to clouds and Strom’s etc also comes under natural errors in compass surveying.

7. Which of the following is not a natural error in compass surveying?
a) Variation in declination
b) Magnetic changes in the atmosphere due to clouds and Strom’s
c) Local attraction due to the proximity of local attraction forces
d) Pivot being bent
Answer: d
Clarification: Instrumental errors are those which arise due to the faulty adjustment of the instrument e.g pivot being bent, blunt pivot point etc. Variation in declination, magnetic changes in the atmosphere due to clouds and Strom’s etc also comes under natural errors in compass surveying.

8. Variation in declination is a natural error in compass surveying.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Natural errors are those which are not in over hands or control to adjust. Variation in declination, magnetic changes in the atmosphere due to clouds and Strom’s etc also comes under natural errors in compass surveying.

9. Improper balancing weight comes under instrumental errors in compass surveying.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Instrumental errors are those which arise due to the faulty adjustment of the instrument e.g pivot being bent, blunt pivot point etc.

10. Irregular variation due to magnetic storms is a _______ error.
a) Instrumental errors
b) Personal errors
c) Errors due to the natural cause
d) Surveyor errors
Answer: c
Clarification: Natural errors are those which are not in over hands or control to adjust. Variation in declination, magnetic changes in the atmosphere due to clouds and Strom’s etc are some of the examples of natural causes.

250+ TOP MCQs on Reduction in Levelling and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Reduction in Levelling”.

1. Height of the Instrument method is a less tedious and simple process.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The above statement is true because it involves simple calculations when compared to Rise and fall method, which can be completed with minimal effort.

2. While doing construction work, which among the following is more suitable?
a) Rise and Fall method
b) Traversing
c) Height of the Instrument method(H.I)
d) Compass Surveying
Answer: c
Clarification: Height of the Instrument method is less tedious than Rise and fall method. Moreover, this process is suitable for taking numerous readings from same instrument setting. Traversing is a process of establishing control points and Compass surveying involves in finding the bearings.

3. The formula for calculating R.L can be given as _________
a) H.I+F.S
b) H.I-F.S
c) H.I-B.S
d) H.I+B.S
Answer: b
Clarification: By subtracting the fore sight value from height of the instrument, the value of reduced level for the next set of reading can be obtained.

4. Which of the following indicates the formula for arithmetic check?
a) ΣB.S-ΣF.S=Last R.L-First R.L
b) ΣF.S-ΣB.S=Last R.L-First R.L
c) ΣB.S+ΣF.S=First R.L-Last R.L
d) ΣF.S+ΣB.S=Last R.L-First R.L
Answer: a
Clarification: If the difference in summation of back sight and fore sight is equal to the difference of last R.L and first R.L, then obtained set of values for finding difference in elevation are correct.

5. Rise and fall method provides check in calculations for all sights.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Since the check for intermediate sights is not available in H.I method, it may lead to errors while doing calculations.

6. Which of the following represents a form of Bench Mark (B.M)?
a) True Benchmark
b) Assumed Benchmark
c) Datum
d) Arbitrary Benchmark
Answer: d
Clarification: Benchmark is a point of known elevation taken as reference. It is classified as Arbitrary, G.T.S, Permanent and Temporary.

7. If the staff at the station point is not held vertically, the R.L at the observation would be ______________
a) Less than true R.L
b) Greater than true R.L
c) Equal to the true R.L
d) Two times the true R.L
Answer: c
Clarification: Due to irregular holding of the staff, the values which are obtained by the levelling instrument might lead to decrease in R.L.

8. If the R.L of a B.M is 100m and back sight is 1.225m, find the H.I at the station?
a) 101.225m
b) -101.225m
c) 98.775m
d) -98.775m
Answer: a
Clarification: We know that, H.I=R.L+B.S
Then, H.I= 100+1.225 H.I=101.225 m.

9. The combined correction for curvature and refraction can be given as _______
a) C = 14d2/6R
b) C = 6d2/7R
c) C = 7d2/2R
d) C = 6d2/14R
Answer: d
Clarification: By subtracting the correction due to curvature from correction due to refraction we can get the combined correction i.e., (C = frac{d^2}{2R} – (frac{1}{7}*frac{d^2}{2R}).)

10. Find the correction for curvature and correction for refraction, if the value of d = 2400 m?
a) 0.425, 0.604
b) 0.452, 0.064
c) 0.064, 0.452
d) 0.604, 0.425
Answer: b
Clarification: Correction for curvature = (frac{d^2}{2R} = frac{2.4^2}{2*6370}*1000 = 0.452m)
Correction for refraction ( = frac{1}{7} * C_c = frac{0.452}{7} = 0.064m.)

11. Find the value of R.L, if B.M = 400 m, B.S = 1.142 m, F.S = 2.121 by using rise and fall method?
a) 400.79 m
b) 400.97 m
c) 409.79 m
d) 399.02 m
Answer: d
Clarification: In the rise and fall method, first we must calculate the difference between B.S and F.S. We get 1.142 – 2.121 = -0.979 m, which is negative. It means we have to subtract it from the given B.M for obtaining R.L i.e., R.L = 400 – 0.979 = 399.021 m.

12. If d = 2.94 km, what would be the combined correction for curvature and refraction?
a) 1.85 km
b) 0.85 km
c) 0.58 km
d) 1.58 km
Answer: c
Clarification: We know that combined correction for curvature can be given as (C = frac{6d^2}{14R})
On substituting the value the of d in the above equation we get,
(C = frac{6d^2}{14R} = frac{6*2.94^2}{14*6370} = 0.5814 km.)