300+ REAL TIME Surveying Objective Questions & Answers 2023

250+ TOP MCQs on Hydrographic Survey – River Gauging and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Hydrographic Survey – River Gauging”.

1. River gauge is used to measure _______
a) Still level
b) Water level
c) Turbulence
d) Current
Answer: b
Clarification: River gauge involves measuring the water level and the water flow. The information provided by the river gauge is used to determine the safety of the paddling of our time of interest.

2. Which of the following instrument uses a rating curve?
a) River gauge
b) Rain gauge
c) Tipping bucket
d) Marine gauge
Answer: a
Clarification: Rating curve is used in case of river gauge. Rating curve can be given as the functional relation between stage and the discharge, which is determined by making repeated discrete measurements.

3. Rating curve can be used for __________
a) Reflecting signal
b) Determining strength of signal
c) Stage measurements
d) Polarization of signal
Answer: c
Clarification: Rating curve established by discrete measurements of stream flow by velocimeter, which can be used at the stage measurements to determine the volumetric stream flow discharge.

4. Which of the following constructions are used in the case of the application of river gauge?
a) Culverts
b) Bridges
c) Dams
d) Weirs and notches
Answer: d
Clarification: Hydraulic structures like weirs, notches are used in the application of river gauge. The usage of these will improve the reliability of the water level and allows a surrogate flow of water.

5. Which of the following equipment is used in stream gauge?
a) Stilling well
b) Ultrasonic device
c) Par shall fume
d) Stage encoder
Answer: a
Clarification: Stream gauge involves the usage of cable ways and stilling well. Cable ways are used for suspending a current meter whereas, stilling well is used to provide calm water level.

6. Which of the following doesn’t come under the classification of water level gauge?
a) Ultrasonic device
b) Par shall fume
c) Stage encoder
d) Electro-magnetic gauge
Answer: b
Clarification: A water level gauge usually involves certain classifications like staff gauge, water pressure measuring device, stage encoder and electro-magnetic gauge. The main purpose of these is to visualize the water depth but at different scenarios.

7. Current meter is used in case of __________
a) Ultrasonic device
b) Staff gauge
c) Stage encoder
d) Electro-magnetic gauge
Answer: d
Clarification: Electro-magnetic gauge involves the determination of the discharge measurement of a stream. For obtaining the result, a current meter is used which can establish a stream gauge.

8. Which of the following classification of water level gauge can measure the water level?
a) Stage encoder
b) Electro-magnetic gauge
c) Ultrasonic device
d) Staff gauge
Answer: c
Clarification: All the water level gauges are capable of measuring water depth but, ultrasonic device is capable of determining the water in a stilling well or directly in a canal.

9. A potentiometer is used in stage encoder.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Stage encoder is a classification of water level gauge, which is installed with a potentiometer to a wheel and pulley system. It is placed on the stilling well, which can provide the electronic measurement.

10. Which of the following is used for suspending a hydro grapher?
a) Cloth tape
b) Cable ways
c) Wires
d) Suspenders
Answer: b
Clarification: Hydro grapher is used in case of the river gauge equipment which is capable of determining the high flow measurement. It is suspended in the flow of water by using cable ways.

250+ TOP MCQs on Introduction – Survey Stations Selection and Answers

Basic Surveying Questions and Answers on “Introduction – Survey Stations Selection”.

1. In which of the following case to mark a survey station, a portion may be dug and filled with cement motor?
a) Soft grounds
b) Hard grounds
c) Pavements
d) In all cases

Answer: b
Clarification: Spikes and nails have very less pointing areas. Hence the small amount force experts high pressure to drive easily into the hard ground.

2. In soft ground, spikes or nails are driven into the ground it comes under which step of surveying?
a) Running survey line
b) Reconnaissance
c) Selecting
d) Marking

Answer: d
Clarification: After having selected the survey stations, they should be marked to enable them to be easily discovered during the progress of the survey. In soft ground, wooden pegs may driven, leaving a small projection above the ground.

3. What is the first principle of surveying?
a) Part to whole
b) Whole to part
c) Whole to whole
d) Part to part

Answer: b
Clarification: The first principle of surveying is to work from whole to part. Before starting the actual survey measurements, the surveying is to work from around the area to fix the best positions of survey lines and survey stations.

4. In which of the following steps does a reference sketch of the ground should be prepared?
a) Marking
b) Fixing survey stations
c) Reconnaissance
d) Running survey lines

Answer: c
Clarification: During reconnaissance, a reference sketch of the ground should be prepared. A general arrangement of lines, principal features such as buildings, roads etc should be shown.

5. Which of the following should be examined by a surveyor before selecting the stations?
a) Intervisibility
b) Shearing stress
c) Ultimate strength
d) Porousness

Answer: a
Clarification: Before selecting the stations, the surveyor should examine the Intervisibility of the stations. He should note the positions of buildings, roads, streams etc.

6. What is the immediate procedure after selecting survey stations?
a) Reconnaissance
b) Marking
c) Fixing
d) Running survey lines

Answer: b
Clarification: The requirements for the selection of survey stations are examined by the surveyor. After having selected the survey stations, they should be marked to enable them to be easily discovered during the process of the survey.

7. What is driven or filled in the soft ground during the marking of survey stations?
a) Wooden pegs
b) Spikes
c) Nails
d) Cement motar

Answer: a
Clarification: In soft ground, wooden pegs may driven, leaving a small projection above the ground. The name of the stations may be written on the top.

8. What is driven or filled or embedded in the roads during the marking of survey stations?
a) Wooden pegs
b) Spikes
c) Standard shape
d) Cement motar

Answer: b
Clarification: Nails and spikes may be used in the case of roads or streets. They should be flush with the pavement.

9. What is used for marking the stations which can be used for a very long time?
a) Wooden pegs
b) Spikes
c) Standard shape stone
d) Cement motar

Answer: c
Clarification: For a station to be used for a very long time, a stone of any standard shape may be embedded in the ground and fixed with motar etc. On the top of the stone, description of the station may be written.

10. What is the last step in chain surveying?
a) Reconnaissance
b) Marking
c) Fixing
d) Running survey lines

Answer: d
Clarification: After having completed the preliminary work, the chaining may be started from the base line. The work in running a survey line is twofold, to chain the line and to locate the adjacent details.

250+ TOP MCQs on Methods of Levelling and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Methods of Levelling”.

1. Which branch of surveying is used to find the elevations of given points with respect to given or assumed datum?
a) Levelling
b) Contouring
c) Traversing
d) Plane table surveying
Answer: a
Clarification: Levelling is a branch of surveying is used to find the elevations of given points with respect to given or assumed datum.

2. Levelling is a branch of surveying objects of which is to establish points at a given elevation or at different elevations with respect to given or assumed datum.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The first operation is required to enable the works to be designed while the second operation is required in the setting out of all kinds of engineering works.

3. Levelling deals with measurements in a ______
a) Horizontal plane
b) Inclined plane
c) Vertical plane
d) Both vertical and horizontal plane
Answer: c
Clarification: Levelling is a branch of surveying objects of which is to establish points at a given elevation or at different elevations with respect to given or assumed datum. It deals with measurements in a vertical plane.

4. _______ is defined as a curved surface which at each point is perpendicular to the direction of gravity at the point.
a) Level surface
b) Level line
c) Horizontal plane
d) Datum
Answer: a
Clarification: The surface of still water is a truly level surface. Any surface parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of the earth is, therefore, a level surface.

5. _______ is a line lying in a level surface.
a) Level line
b) Horizontal line
c) Datum line
d) Plumb line
Answer: a
Clarification: A level line is a line lying in a level surface. It is, therefore, normal to the plumb line, at all points.

6. Horizontal plane through a point is a plane tangential to the level surface at that point.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Horizontal plane through a point is a plane tangential to the level surface at that point. It is, therefore, perpendicular to the plumb line through the point.

7. Which line is the tangential to the level line at a point?
a) Datum line
b) Vertical line
c) Horizontal line
d) Plumb line
Answer: c
Clarification: It is straight line tangential to the level line at a point. It is also perpendicular to the plumb line.

8. Which line is normal to the level line at a point?
a) Datum line
b) Vertical line
c) Horizontal line
d) Plumb line
Answer: b
Clarification: Vertical line is a line normal to the level line at a point. It is commonly considered to be the line defined by a plumb line.

9. Which term is used for the surface to which elevations are referred?
a) Level surface
b) Level line
c) Horizontal plane
d) Datum
Answer: d
Clarification: Datum is any surface to which elevations are referred. The mean sea level affords a convenient datum world over.

10. The elevations of points or near the surface of the earth is its vertical distance above or below an arbitrary assumed level surface or datum.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The difference in elevation between two points in the vertical distance between the two level surface in which the two points lie. Elevation simply can say vertical distance.

11. Which of the following is not a method of levelling?
a) Barometric levelling
b) Trigonometric levelling
c) Spirit levelling
d) Traverse levelling
Answer: d
Clarification: Three principal methods are used for determining a difference in elevation, namely, barometric levelling, trigonometric levelling and spirit levelling. Traversing is that type of surveying in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework.

12. Which of the following methods of levelling makes use of the phenomenon that difference in elevation between two points is proportional to the difference in atmospheric pressures at these points?
a) Barometric levelling
b) Trigonometric levelling
c) Spirit levelling
d) Traverse levelling
Answer: a
Clarification: A barometric levelling makes use of the phenomenon that difference in elevation between two points is proportional to the difference in atmospheric pressures at these points. A barometer, therefore, may be used and the readings observed at different points would yield a measure of the relative elevations of those points.

13. At a given point, the atmospheric pressure doesn’t remain constant in the course of the day, even in the course of an hour.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: At a given point, the atmospheric pressure doesn’t remain constant in the course of the day, even in the course of an hour. Therefore, barometric levelling relatively inaccurate.

14. Which process of levelling in which the elevations of points are computed from the vertical angles and horizontal distances measured in the field?
a) Barometric levelling
b) Trigonometric levelling
c) Spirit levelling
d) Traverse levelling
Answer: b
Clarification: Trigonometric levelling is also called indirect levelling. It is the process of levelling in which the elevations of points are computed from the vertical angles and horizontal distances measured in the field.

15. Which of the following methods of levelling is a modified form of stadia levelling?
a) Barometric levelling
b) Trigonometric levelling
c) Spirit levelling
d) Traversing
Answer: b
Clarification: Trigonometric levelling is the process of levelling in which any triangle can be computed from proper trigonometric relations. In a modified form called stadia levelling.

250+ TOP MCQs on Transit Theodolite and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Transit Theodolite”.

1. ______ is the most precise instrument designed for the measurement of horizontal and vertical angles.
a) Survey chain
b) Dumpy level
c) Theodolite
d) Telescope

Answer: c
Clarification: Theodolite is the most precise instrument designed for the measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. It has wide applicability in surveying such as laying off horizontal angles, locating points on line, prolonging survey lines, establishing grades etc.

2. Which of the following cannot be done with the help of theodolite in surveying?
a) Laying off horizontal angles
b) Locating points on lines
c) Prolonging survey lines
d) Measuring horizontal distances

Answer: d
Clarification: Theodolite is the most precise instrument designed for the measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. It has wide applicability in surveying such as laying off horizontal angles, locating points on line, prolonging survey lines, establishing grades etc.

3. Which of the following cannot be done with the help of theodolite in surveying?
a) Establishing grades
b) Determining the difference in elevation
c) Setting out curves
d) Determining the area of ground

4. A transit theodolite is one in which the line of sight can be reversed by resolving the telescope through 180° in a vertical plane.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: Theodolite may be classified as transit and non-transit theodolite. A transit theodolite is one in which the line of sight can be reversed by resolving the telescope through 180° in a vertical plane.

5. A non-transit theodolite is one in which the line of sight can be reversed by resolving the telescope through 180° in a vertical plane.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: Theodolite may be classified as transit and non-transit theodolite. The non-transit theodolites are those in which the telescope cannot be transited.

6. The transit theodolites are also called plain theodolites.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: The non-transit theodolites are also called plain theodolites. In which the telescope cannot be transited.

7. The non-transit theodolites are also called Y- theodolites.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: The non-transit theodolites are also called plain theodolites or Y – theodolites. In which the telescope cannot be transited.

8. The transit is the term simply used for _______
a) Telescope
b) Transit theodolite
c) Non- transit theodolites
d) Dumpy level

Answer: b
Clarification: A transit theodolite is simply called transit. It is one in which the line of sight can be reversed by resolving the telescope through 180° in a vertical plane.

9. Transit is mainly used and non-transit theodolites have now become obsolete.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: Transit theodolites have more advantages over non-transit theodolites. That is why non-transit have now become obsolete.

10. How many types do theodolites classified?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a
Clarification: Theodolites are classified into two types. They are transit theodolites and non – transit theodolites.

11. Which of the following is an integral part of the theodolite and is mounted on a spindle known as a horizontal axis?
a) Telescope
b) Index frame
c) Horizontal plane Vernier
d) Horizontal circle

Answer: a
Clarification: The telescope is an integral part of the theodolite. It is mounted on a spindle known as a horizontal axis or trunnion axis.

12. Horizontal axis is also called _______
a) Inner axis
b) Outer axis
c) Trunnion axis
d) Line of sight

Answer: c
Clarification: The telescope is an integral part of the theodolite. It is mounted on a spindle known as a horizontal axis or trunnion axis.

13. The vertical circle is a circular graduated arc attached to the ______ axis of the telescope.
a) inner axis
b) outer axis
c) trunnion axis
d) line of sight

Answer: c
Clarification: The vertical circle is a circular graduated arc attached to the telescope. Consequently, the graduated arc rotates with the telescope when the latter is turned about the horizontal axis.

14. By means of vertical circle clamp and its corresponding ___________ the telescope can be set accurately at any desired position in the vertical plane.
a) tripod head
b) focusing screw
c) levelling head
d) tangent screw

Answer: d
Clarification: By means of vertical circle clamp and its corresponding slow motion or tangent screw the telescope can be set accurately at any desired position in the vertical plane.

15. The index frame is ______ shaped frame.
a) U
b) V
c) T
d) A

Answer: c
Clarification: The index frame is a T shaped frame consisting of a vertical leg known as clipping arm. It is also called a Vernier frame.

16. In theodolites, two standards resemble the letter ______
a) U
b) V
c) T
d) A

Answer: d
Clarification: Two standards resemble letter A are mounted on the upper plates. The trunnion axis of the telescope is supported on these.

250+ TOP MCQs on Errors in Plane Tabling and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Errors in Plane Tabling”.

1. The usage of telescopic alidade usually increases the occurrence of errors in a huge rate.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The usage of telescopic alidade has the chances of increasing the errors. It can be due to the line of sight not being perpendicular to horizontal axis, line of collimation not being perpendicular to the horizontal axis etc., which can be minimised by proper usage.

2. Degree of precision depends on____________
a) Quality of instrument
b) Usage of the instrument
c) Surveyor
d) Type of work being done
Answer: a
Clarification: The quality of the instrument used will affect the recorded values and degree of precision depends upon the character of survey, system adopted too.

3. Plain alidade will cause less error when compared to telescopic alidade.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Telescopic alidade is a newly introduced one with a lot more benefits than plain alidade, but due o less accuracy it lacks behind plain alidade.

4. In a magnetic area, which type of surveying can be employed?
a) Traverse surveying
b) Compass surveying
c) Theodolite surveying
d) Plane table surveying
Answer: d
Clarification: Other than plane table surveying, remaining methods need a compass for initiating the work in which it is not possible to access compass in a magnetic area. Plane table surveying can be employed there as it can be done without usage of compass.

5. When the difference in elevation between points is more, which of the following would be affected more?
a) Points plotted
b) Alidade position
c) Horizontality of board
d) Level of board
Answer: c
Clarification: If the difference in elevation between the points plotted is more, then the horizontality of the board will be disturbed by which the entire process is halted until it is set right.

6. Plane table surveying is capable of providing accurate work.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Plane table surveying involves both recording and plotting of points simultaneously which makes it less accurate.

7. Which of the following must be checked at every station?
a) Values obtained
b) Traverse area
c) Points to be sighted
d) Orientation of table
Answer: d
Clarification: Orientation is done with a compass and there is a possibility of local attraction. Errors in orientation contribute towards distortion of the survey. This orientation should be checked at as many stations as possible by sighting distant objects which are already plotted.

8. Which of the following can cause more damage while using a plane table for surveying?
a) Climatic changes
b) Instruments used
c) Sighting error
d) Inaccurate centring
Answer: a
Clarification: Except climatic change, remaining errors can be minimised by an alternative. Climatic change may increase or decrease the values from the original.

9. Which of the following errors cannot be minimised?
a) Error in instrument
b) Error in sighting
c) Error while plotting
d) Personal errors
Answer: c
Clarification: If the error is identified as an error due to plotting, there is no possibility other than re-surveying.

10. In plane table surveying, it is difficult to reproduce the map to some different scale.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Since notes of measurements are not recorded, it is inconvenient to reproduce the map to some different scale.

250+ TOP MCQs on EDM – Modulation and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “EDM – Modulation”.

1. In amplitude modulation, which among the following is constant?
a) Amplitude
b) Frequency
c) Wave length
d) Time period
Answer: b
Clarification: In amplitude modulation, the carrier wave has constant frequency and the modulating wave information is conveyed by the amplitude of the carrier waves.

2. Modern phase techniques are capable of __________
a) Resolving modulation
b) Resolving amplitude
c) Resolving frequency
d) Resolving wave length
Answer: d
Clarification: Modern phase comparison techniques are able to possess a better resolving capacity than the remaining techniques. They can resolve better than 1/1000 part of a wavelength.

3. Lower frequency is not suitable in_________
a) Direct transmission
b) Distance calculation
c) Determination of wavelength
d) Determination of frequency
Answer: a
Clarification: The range of lower frequency is not suitable in case of direct transmission through the atmosphere because it may involve in atmospheric conditions like interference, reflection, fading and scattering. This may decrease the impact of frequency which may reduce the information being transmitted.

4. Which of the following represents the correct set of modulation classification?
a) Frequency, time period
b) Frequency, amplitude
c) Amplitude, wavelength
d) Wavelength, frequency
Answer: b
Clarification: The interference technique can be eradicated by modulation, which involves two classifications. They are amplitude and frequency modulations, which can be super imposed during phase comparison.

5. Which of the following indicates the correct set of frequency employed in measuring process?
a) 7*10⁶ to 5*10⁸ Hz
b) 7.5*10⁶ to 4.5*10⁸ Hz
c) 7.5*10⁶ to 5.9*10⁸ Hz
d) 7.5*10⁶ to 5*10⁸ Hz
Answer: d
Clarification: In general, the present situation needs a frequency range of approximately 7.5*10⁶ to 5*10⁸ Hz. This can be used in order to determine the distance between the points and also employed in EDM instruments.

6. Which of the following is constant in the case of frequency modulation?
a) Modulation
b) Wavelength
c) Amplitude
d) Frequency
Answer: c
Clarification: In frequency modulation, the carrier wave has constant amplitude and the modulating wave information is conveyed by the amplitude of the carrier waves.

7. Which can’t be done in high frequency zones?
a) Phase comparison
b) Super imposition of waves
c) Distance measurement
d) Wavelength measurement
Answer: a
Clarification: In high frequency zones, the phase comparison techniques cannot be applied. The high frequency may be determined as 5*10⁸ Hz which may correspond to a wave length of 0.6 m.

8. Modulating wave can also be known as ______
a) Total wave
b) Measuring wave
c) Super wave
d) Incubation wave
Answer: b
Clarification: Modulation involves the overcoming of the problems raised due to the interference, scattering, etc. In this, the measuring wave is super imposed on a carrier wave of high frequency, so it is also known as measuring wave.

9. If 10mm is the accuracy considered, what will be the maximum value of λ for 1/1000 part?
a) 10000 m
b) 10 cm
c) 10 m
d) 10000 cm
Answer: c
Clarification: The maximum value of the wave length can be determined by multiplying assumed wave length with the accuracy considered, which means, λ = 10*1000 = 10 m.

10. Frequency modulation is equipped in all EDM instruments.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In frequency modulation, the carrier wave has constant amplitude and frequency varies in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating wave. Frequency modulation is used in all EDM instruments, while amplitude modulation is done in visible light instruments and infrared instruments.