Category: Surveying Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Curve Surveying – By Deflection Distances and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Curve Surveying – By Deflection Distances”.

1. The method of deflection distances is used in which of the following cases?
a) Road surveys
b) Railway survey
c) Land survey
d) Town planning survey
Answer: a
Clarification: The deflection distances method is having at most priority in case of road surveys as the curvature for joining parallel straights is to be done without any error.

2. The method of producing offsets from the chords can also be named as ____________
a) Rankine’s method
b) Bisection of chords
c) Deflection distances
d) Two-theodolite method
Answer: c
Clarification: Deflection distances method is adopted in case of long curves, which generally implies in highways. Highway possess long curves which can’t be designed other than this method.

3. Which of the following indicates the formula used in deflection distances?
a) On = Cn + (Cn-1 + Cn)/2*R
b) On = Cn (Cn-1 + Cn)/2+R
c) On = Cn (Cn-1 – Cn)/2*R
d) On = Cn (Cn-1 + Cn)/2*R
Answer: d
Clarification: The formula for the offsets by chords produced include, On = Cn (Cn-1 + Cn)/2*R. the value of n depends upon the number of chords introduced and C represents chord length, where R is the radius of the curve.

4. Which of the following process can be adopted as an alternative of theodolite?
a) Bisection of chords
b) Deflection distances
c) Ordinates by long chords
d) Rankine’s method
Answer: b
Clarification: Theodolite usage is more in case of designing long curves. Long curve designation involves in lengthy calculation and developing number of chords, which can be done in deflection distances method. So, it can serve as an alternative.

5. Errors in deflection distances method are distributed to all the points.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The occurrence of errors in all cases is common, but in case of deflection distances method the error can be distributed all over the points. If the error is more, then the curve should be re-set.

6. Closing error can also be known as __________
a) Absolute error
b) Zero error
c) Subjecting error
d) Discrepancy
Answer: d
Clarification: Closing error occurs due to the mismatching of the beginning and the last points. It can be eradicated or reduced up to some extent based on the amount of error produced. It is also known as discrepancy.

7. While producing offsets by deflection distances method, the last offset must coincide with the beginning.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The occurrence of closing error depends on the closing the curve due to offsets. If the beginning point doesn’t coincide with the end point, then closing error may occur which may lead to re-setting of the entire curve.

8. Determine the first offset if the chord length is given as 23.98m and the radius is given as 5.87m.
a) 84.98 m
b) 48.98 m
c) 48.89 m
d) 84.89 m
Answer: b
Clarification: The value of offset can be given as O = C2 / 2*R. On substitution, we get
O = 23.982 / 2*5.87
O = 48.98m.

9. Find the value of last offset, if the lengths of first and second chords are given as 45.87m and 62.87m with radius of curve 69.76m and length of chain being 30m.
a) 38.987 m
b) 83.987 m
c) 38.697 m
d) 83.697 m
Answer: d
Clarification: The value of offsets can be calculated by using,
On = Cn*(Cn – 1 + Cn) / 2*R, it can be simplified as
On = cꞌ*(C + cꞌ) / 2*R. On substitution, we get
On = 62.87*(30 + 62.87) / 69.76
On = 83.697m.

10. Find the value of chord length if the offset is given as 36.54m and the radius include 3.43m.
a) 15.38 m
b) 51.83 m
c) 15.83 m
d) 87.54 m
Answer: c
Clarification: From the deflection distances method, the value of chord length can be determined by
O = C2 / 2*R. On substitution, we get
36.54 = C2 / 2*3.43
C = 15.83m.

250+ TOP MCQs on Survey Adjustments and Errors Theory – Method of Correlates and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Survey Adjustments and Errors Theory – Method of Correlates”.

1. In order to form a normal equation _____________ are needed.
a) Algebraic coefficients
b) Probability equation
c) Probability law
d) Probability curve
Answer: a
Clarification: This implies the rule 1 of the normal equation. It indicates that for the formation of the normal equation with unknown quantities, the algebraic coefficient must be multiplied with that unknown quantity and must add the obtained results.

2. Correlates can also be known as _____________
a) Unknown multiples
b) Known multiples
c) Eccentric multiples
d) Centric multiples
Answer: a
Clarification: The correlates are also known as the unknown multiples, which are used for finding most probable values of unknowns. It is more preferable when the case is more complex to be solved.

3. All conditions are to be collected and used in which of the following case?
a) Most probable value
b) Normal equation
c) Method of correlates
d) Probability law
Answer: c
Clarification: The method of correlates is used in case of more complexity. In that case, it involves the usage all the information available and the conditions mentioned so that it provides the result regarding the problem raised.

4. Determine the value of correction if the wave length is given as 25m, having weight 6.
a) 2.87
b) 7.14
c) 1.47
d) 4.17
Answer: d
Clarification: The value of correction can be determined in correction method by using the formula mentioned as below,
E = λ / w. On substitution, we get
E = 25 / 6
E = 4.17.

5. Which of the following condition is to be used when the equal weights are introduced?
a) e12 – e22 – e32 = 0
b) e12 + e22 + e32 = 0
c) e12 + e22 – e32 = 0
d) e12 – e22 + e32 = 0
Answer: b
Clarification: In case of equal weights, the summation of squares of the corrections must be used. It must be equal to zero so as to reduce the errors introduced by this method.

6. In case of method of correlation, the error is distributed to every observation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is a primary rule in every surveying method employed. It helps in equal distribution of error which can actually increase the rate of output and the accuracy of the output.

7. Find the value of E if the wavelengths of different lines are given as 63m and 54m, having weights 6 and 7 respectively.
a) 8.27
b) 2.87
c) 2.78
d) 7.28
Answer: c
Clarification: The determination of the value E involves in substitution of the values in the below-given equation,
E = λ1(1/w1 + 1/w2) – λ2(1/w1 + 1/w2). On substitution, we get
E = 63*(1/6 + 1/7) – 54*(1/6 + 1/7)
E = 2.78.

8. Which of the following describes the work done by the method of correlates?
a) Reducing the mean work
b) Neglecting the arithmetic work
c) Increasing the arithmetic work
d) Reducing the arithmetic work
Answer: d
Clarification: Method of correlates involve in reducing the arithmetic work. It includes determination of the corrections for wave length and their weights which help in establishing a network of information.

9. Ample conditions were used in method of correlates.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Method of correlation involves in determining the multiples or the individual constants, which can be further used for finding the probable values of unknowns. For finding these, a lot of conditions were established.

10. If the value of wave length is given as 21m with different weights 6 and 2, find the value of E.
a) 14
b) 13
c) 12
d) 10
Answer: a
Clarification: The value of E for a single wave length with dual weights can be given as
E = λ*(1/w1 + 1/w2). On substitution, we get
E = 21*(1/6 + 1/2)
E = 14.

250+ TOP MCQs on Photogrammetric Surveying – Stereoscopic Vision and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Photogrammetric Surveying – Stereoscopic Vision”.

1. The distance between nodal point and the plane of the photograph depends on the __________
a) Focal length of the mirror
b) Aperture
c) Line of sight
d) Focal length of the lens
Answer: d
Clarification: Focal length of the lens depends up on the type of lens being used. This may affect the distance between nodal point and the plane of the photograph. These are used in the determination of the scale of the photograph.

2. Minimum 4 mirrors are used in case of a mirror stereoscope.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Stereoscope is an instrument which is used in viewing stereo pairs. These are classified as mirror stereoscope and lens stereoscope, among the mirror stereoscope uses a minimum of 4 mirrors for propagation.

3. Which of the following doesn’t indicate the purpose of stereoscope?
a) Relation between convergence and accommodation
b) Line of sight justification
c) Perception of depth
d) Assisting eyes on the image
Answer: b
Clarification: The purpose of stereoscope involves in assisting the eyes on the image, establishing a relation between convergence and accommodation and magnifying perception of depth.

4. Which of the following indicates the correct set of Stereoscope classification?
a) Mirror stereoscope and prism stereoscope
b) Mirror stereoscope and plane table stereoscope
c) Mirror stereoscope and lens stereoscope
d) Lens stereoscope and plane table stereoscope
Answer: c
Clarification: The stereoscope classification generally involves mirror stereoscope and lens stereoscope. Both of them can be employed based on the type of material available that is either a mirror of lens.

5. Which of the following processes help in placing the image on fovea?
a) Convergence
b) Magazine
c) Focal length
d) Aperture
Answer: a
Clarification: Convergence involves in placing the image on fovea. It is necessary that the image of the object sighted is placed on the sensitive part of the eye. Convergence can act as a clue to the distance between object and observer.

6. Which of the following is involved in obtaining spatial relation?
a) Focal length
b) Binocular vision
c) Polarization
d) Telescopic vision
Answer: b
Clarification: Spatial relation involves establishing a three dimensional view of the field which is sighted. This can be established by a binocular vision. It is having the capability of determining the impression of depth.

7. Which of the following won’t serve as a reason for the impression of depth?
a) Relative size of objects
b) Light effects
c) Calculation of azimuth
d) Simultaneous view
Answer: c
Clarification: Impression of depth can be caused due to the relative size of the objects which can be near or far, effects caused due light and in shade and viewing an object with both eyes simultaneously. These are able to establish a three-dimensional view of the field.

8. The stereoscopic vision can be applied to ____________
a) Photogrammetry
b) Theodolite surveying
c) Traversing
d) Compass surveying
Answer: a
Clarification: The principle of stereoscopic vision involves producing a three-dimensional image. It is fore most required in the process of photogrammetry as its main theme is to capture the maximum area.

9. Lens used in the stereoscope can be flattened by which among the following methods?
a) Head parallax
b) Divergence
c) Convergence
d) Accommodation
Answer: d
Clarification: Accommodation is the process involved in obtaining a flattened lens. Because of the accommodation process, we might be able to determine the approximate depth. We can have less strain on our eyes.

10. The difference between the images on retina is given as __________
a) Retinal disparity
b) Stereoscopic disparity
c) Difference in retinal
d) Stereoscopic retina
Answer: a
Clarification: The object which we are visualizing is somewhat different from the reality. Due to the combination of the picture from the left eye and right eye positions of the objects can be mismatched. This difference is known as retinal disparity.

11. Which of the following doesn’t come under the ideal conditions of stereoscopic views?
a) Elevation of camera position
b) Measuring iso centric distance
c) Making camera axis vertical
d) Overlapping of photograph
Answer: b
Clarification: Aerial stereoscopic view involves in following certain ideal conditions that are required for proper functioning. They include sufficient overlapping of photographs, the elevation of camera positions, making camera axis vertical for having picture plane in a horizontal plane.

250+ TOP MCQs on GPS – Position Determination Principle and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GPS – Position Determination Principle”.

1. Which of the following is having same principle as that of determining the position in GPS?
a) Compass
b) Traversing
c) Trisection
d) Resection
Answer: d
Clarification: The principle of position determination involves the same principle as that of resection in surveying. It indicates location of a set point by the help of the reference point and then transferring to another point and locating the remaining points. Later, on joining it can end up obtaining the result.

2. Among the following, which indicates the correct set of methods followed for fixing position?
a) Pseudo ranging, absolute positioning
b) Carrier wave, pseudo ranging
c) Absolute positioning, relative positioning
d) Carrier wave, absolute positioning
Answer: b
Clarification: The methods for fixing the position of an object can be given as using pseudo ranging and usage of carrier wave. Both are having their own importance. Pseudo ranging uses time parameter as its main constituent.

3. Which is the main parameter used in pseudo ranging?
a) Time
b) Distance
c) Velocity
d) Frequency
Answer: a
Clarification: The position of an object in GPS using pseudo ranging can be done by the calculation time of travel of the signal. It also uses PRN code for decoding the signal related information.

4. GPS user solution depends on which of the following?
a) Absolute positioning
b) Satellite vehicle
c) Space vehicle
d) Relative positioning
Answer: c
Clarification: GPS user solution may depend either on space vehicle adopted or the time scale information provided. The navigational data provided by the operational control segments involve in determining user solution determination.

5. Satellite generates which type of signals?
a) Visible rays
b) X-rays
c) Cosmic waves
d) Radio waves
Answer: d
Clarification: In general, the waves generated must possess more wave length so as to satisfy certain parameters. Among the classification of the electromagnetic spectrum, radio waves possess the longest wavelength, which is capable of serving in the process of GPS.

6. Which of the following indicates the principle of GPS?
a) Resection
b) Trilateration
c) Trisection
d) Traversing
Answer: b
Clarification: Trilateration is the principle involved in the case of GPS. This can be used to track or locate any movable object location. It involves mathematical operations, which is regularly used in case of surveying.

7. Which among the following is used to locate an object?
a) GPS
b) GIS
c) RS
d) IRS
Answer: a
Clarification: GPS, also known as Global Positioning System, is used in an unusual manner for obtaining the location of the object. The position can be determined by measuring the distance from the satellite.

8. Which of the following can indicate the correct set of GPS segments?
a) Navigation, space
b) User, navigation
c) Control, user
d) Control, navigation
Answer: c
Clarification: GPS contains three main segments which can be given as user segment, control segment, space segment. The user segment receives the signals from satellites, control segment controls the position of satellite and space segment utilizes navigation system.

9. Which of the following segments can use GPS receiver?
a) Navigation segment
b) Space segment
c) Control segment
d) User segment
Answer: d
Clarification: The usage of GPS receiver is done by the user segment, which receives signals from the GPS satellites and can be used to determine how far away it is from the satellite.

10. Which of the following indicate the functioning of the Space segment?
a) Navigational signals
b) Space signals
c) User signals
d) Control signals
Answer: a
Clarification: The functioning of the space segment is to use the navigational signals and retransmit the navigational message sent by the control segment. These can be controlled by atomic clocks placed on the satellites.

250+ TOP MCQs on Project Survey – Tunnelling and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Project Survey – Tunnelling”.

1. Tunneling is required in case of ____________
a) Laying pavement
b) Laying road
c) On ground passage
d) Underground passage
Answer: d
Clarification: Tunnel can be defined as artificial underground passage, which is created for different purposes. It is required in case of highways, railways, sewerage and water supply.

2. The line at which the tunnel wall breaks from sloping outward can be given as _________
a) Spring line
b) Oval line
c) Centre line
d) Middle line
Answer: a
Clarification: Spring line is determined as the line at which the wall breaks from sloping outward to sloping inward toward the crown. This acts as a barrier between the outward and inward regions.

3. Which of the following should be considered while aligning a tunnel?
a) Atmospheric conditions
b) Hydrological conditions
c) Climatic conditions
d) Surface limits
Answer: b
Clarification: The determination of the alignment for tunnel can be done based on geological and hydrological conditions, cross-section and length of the continuous tunnel, time of consideration and limit of the surface.

4. Among the following, which doesn’t belong to tunnel classification?
a) Firm ground
b) Running ground
c) Rocky ground
d) Soft ground
Answer: c
Clarification: Tunneling has been classified based on the type of strata present. It includes firm ground, soft ground and running ground. These will determine the bearing capacity of the soil.

5. Which method can be adopted if full face excavation is not possible?
a) Back bearing method
b) Plotting
c) Trenching
d) Benching
Answer: d
Clarification: In case of no possibility of full face excavation, top heading method is adopted for having a better output. Benching process is also adopted for digging small tunnels.

6. Among the following, which can be adopted for providing support for soft strata?
a) Bents of aluminum
b) Bents of iridium
c) Bents of steel
d) Bents of plastic
Answer: c
Clarification: The provision of soft strata must be done for withstanding the excavation. It can be provided by bents of wood, bents of steel, liner plates and poling, which are placed to retain material between the adjacent bents.

7. A steel cylinder which is pushed in the soft soil is determined as ________
a) Jar born
b) Shield
c) Rod
d) Pole
Answer: b
Clarification: In the case of soft grounds, tunneling can be dangerous and cave-ins are common. To prevent this, an iron or steel cylindrical element called shield is placed in the soft soil, which can crave the hole perfectly.

8. Which method can be adopted in case of rock tunneling?
a) Full face method
b) Benching
c) Tracing
d) Back bearing method
Answer: a
Clarification: Rock tunneling involves the same principle as of the tunneling in the ground. Those include full face method, top heading method and drift method. Based on the conditions of the area, these can be adopted.

9. Which of the following can act as an alternative for blasting?
a) Tunneling
b) Continuous blasting
c) Sequential blasting
d) Fire-setting
Answer: d
Clarification: Blasting is the conventional method which is adopted in case of rock tunneling. In the case of fire-setting, tunnel is heated with fire and then cooled with water. Rapid expansion and contraction weakens and rock and tends to break.

10. Which of the following involves in the sequence of rocky strata?
a) Marking profile
b) Placing rocks
c) Improving foul gases
d) Recording values
Answer: a
Clarification: Rocky strata involve usage of blasting method for developing tunnels. The sequence contains marking profile, loading explosive, removing foul gases, checking, scaling, mucking and bolting.

250+ TOP MCQs on Chain Folding, Unfolding, Adjustment, Degree of Accuracy – 1 and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Chain Folding, Unfolding, Adjustment, Degree of Accuracy – 1”.

1. Process of fixing or establishing intermediate points is known as _______
a) Chaining
b) Ranging
c) Contouring
d) Levelling
Answer: b
Clarification: If the length of the survey line exceeds the length of the chain, some intermediate points will have to establish in line with two terminal points before chaining is started. The process of fixing or establishing such intermediate points is known as Ranging.

2. Direct ranging is done when the two ends of the survey lines are _______
a) Invisible
b) Intervisible
c) Visible from a particular point
d) Faraway from each other
Answer: b
Clarification: Direct ranging is the type of ranging in which the two points for ranging are chosen in such a way that they are intervisible. If two points chosen are not intervisible then indirect ranging is done.

3. If rapid sweep with right hand signaled by surveyor then action by the assistant is _______
a) Move slowly to the right
b) Move considerably to the right
c) Continue to move to the right
d) Plumb the rod to the right
Answer: b
Clarification: Rapid sweep by the surveyor implies move considerably. Right hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move right side.

4. If right hand extended by surveyor then action by the assistant should be ______
a) Move slowly to the right
b) Move considerably to the right
c) Continue to move to the right
d) Plumb the rod to the right
Answer: c
Clarification: Extended hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant should continue to move. Right hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move right side.

5. Right arm up and moved to the right by the surveyor then the action of assistant should be ________
a) Move slowly to the right
b) Move considerably to the right
c) Continue to move to the right
d) Plumb the rod to the right
Answer: d
Clarification: Arm up and moved by the surveyor implies that the assistant has to plumb the rod. Right hand of the surveyor implies that assistant has to move right side.

6. If both hands above head and then brought down by the surveyor then the action of an assistant is _________
a) Move slowly forward
b) Move considerably backward
c) Correct
d) Wrong
Answer: b
Clarification: It is the signal referred by the surveyor to correct the assistant position. If both hands above head and then brought down by the surveyor then assistant should move considerably backward.

7. The more experienced of the chainmen should be ________
a) Rear end
b) Intermediate end
c) Final end
d) Leader
Answer: a
Clarification: Other chainmen holding the forward handle is known as the leader. More experienced chainmen mainly refer to the surveyor. He should always preferred to be at a rear end.

8. The chainmen keeps both the handles in the right hand and throws the rest of the portion of the chain in the forward direction with his right hand to _________
a) Mark the chain
b) Line the chain
c) Unfold the chain
d) Fold the chain
Answer: c
Clarification: To Unfold the chain, the chainmen keeps both the handles in the right hand and throws the rest of the portion of the chain in the forward direction with his right hand. The other assists in removing the knots etc and in making the chain straight.

9. If rapid sweep with left hand by surveyor then action by assistant is ________
a) Move slowly to the left
b) Move considerably to the left
c) Continue to move to the left
d) Plumb the rod to the left
Answer: b
Clarification: Rapid sweep by the surveyor implies that assistant should move considerably. Left hand of the surveyor implies that assistant has to move left side.

10. If left hand is extended by surveyor then action by the assistant should be _________
a) Move slowly to the left
b) Move considerably to the left
c) Continue to move to the left
d) Plumb the rod to the left
Answer: c
Clarification: Extended hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant should continue to move. Left hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move left side.

11. Left arm up and moved to the left by the surveyor then action of assistant should be __________
a) Move slowly to the left
b) Move considerably to the left
c) Continue to move to the left
d) Plumb the rod to the left
Answer: d
Clarification: Arm up and moved by the surveyor implies that the assistant has to plumb the rod. Left hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move left side.