Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Area Calculation – Area by Planimeter”.

1. Planimeter is an instrument which is used for__________
a) Locating co-ordinates
b) Transferring point from paper to ground
c) Measuring area of plan
d) Sighting parallel and perpendicular points to station

Answer: c
Clarification: By the use of planimeter, the area of the land can be measured which is used for processing. Plumb bob is used for transferring point from paper to ground and alidade for sighting parallel and perpendicular points to station.

2. The formula for finding area by the use of planimeter is______________
a) Δ = M(F-I±10N+C)
b) Δ = M(F+I±10N+C)
c) Δ = M(F-I±10N-C)
d) Δ = M(F-I±10N±C)

Answer: a
Clarification: The area of the obtained figure can be calculated by, Δ = M(F-I±10N+C)
Where, F = Final reading, I = Initial reading, N = number of times the zero mark of the dial passes the fixed index mark, M = A multiplying constant, C = Constant of the instrument which when multiplied by M.

3. Which of the following methods will give the best output for area?
a) Area by double mean distances
b) Area by triangles
c) Area by co-ordinates
d) Area by planimeter

Answer: b
Clarification: The area calculated by forming triangles will be able to give the best output because it involves formation of frame work.

4. Multiplier constant(M) is also known as___________
a) Planimeter constant
b) Tacheometric constant
c) Meridian constant
d) Simpson’s constant

Answer: a
Clarification: From the formula of area by planimeter, Δ = M (F-I±10N+C) the variable M represents multiplier constant which is required for further calculations.

5. Multiplier constant is equal to__________
a) A+nꞌ
b) A*nꞌ
c) A/nꞌ
d) nꞌ/A

Answer: c
Clarification: The value of multiplier constant is given as M= A/nꞌ in which,
A = known area, nꞌ = change in wheel readings.

6. Calculate the area if I = 8.257, M = 150 sq.cm, F = 4.143, C = 31.155.
a) 6255.15
b) 2565.15
c) 2655.15
d) 2556.15

Answer: d
Clarification: The area can given by, A=M (F- I ± 10N + C)
On substituting, I = 8.257, M = 150 sq.cm, F = 4.143, C = 31.155 and N = -1
A = 150 (4.143- 8.257- 10 + 31.155) = 2556.15sq.cm.

7. Which of the following mathematical operations can be used for area computation?
a) Euler’s equation
b) Simpson’s one-third rule
c) Quadratic equation
d) Simultaneous differential equation

Answer: b
Clarification: Simpson’s one-third rule assumes that the short length of the boundary between the ordinates is parabolic arc and this method is more useful when the boundary line departs considerably from the straight line.

8. Simpson’s rule is capable of producing more accurate results.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: The results obtained by the use of Simpson’s rule are more accurate in all cases. The result obtained is smaller than those obtained by using the trapezoidal rule.

9. Find the value of the multiplier constant if the length of the arm is given as 45.78 m and diameter as 2.54 m.
a) 643.86 sq. m
b) 436.86 sq. m
c) 346.68 sq. m
d) 364.86 sq. m

Answer: d
Clarification: The value of multiplier constant can be given as M = L * circumference
Circumference = π * D = π *2.54 = 7.97 m. On substitution, we get
M = 45.78 * 7.97 = 364.86 sq. m.

10. If length of the arm = 23.31 m, distance between wheel and pivot = 2 m, D = 3m. Find the value of constant C.
a) 4.63 sq. m
b) 6.64 sq. m
c) 6.46 sq. m
d) 4.95 sq. m

Answer: c
Clarification: The value of the constant C can be given as, (C = frac{π (L^2-2aL+R^2)}{M}). The value of M can be given as M = L* π*D = 219.691 sq. m. On substitution, we get
C = π (23.31²-2*2*23.31+1.5²) / 219.691 = 6.46 sq. m.

11. If the area of the traverse is 645.32 sq. m and the change in the wheel readings can be given as 10, find the value of multiplier constant.
a) 64.532 sq. m
b) 6453.2 sq. m
c) 6.4532 sq. m
d) 0.65432 sq. m

Answer: a
Clarification: If the values of area and the change in wheel readings are given then the multiplier constant can be given as M = A/nꞌ, where A is the area and nꞌ is the change in wheel readings. On substitution, we get
M = 645.32 / 10 = 64.532 sq. m.

12. If the area of traverse is drawn to a scale 1ꞌꞌ = 23 ft, find the change in area if the original area is 497.76 sq. in.
a) 6.04 sq. m
b) 6.04 m
c) 6.04 sq. in
d) 6.04 acres

Answer: d
Clarification: Here, the scale is given as 1ꞌꞌ = 23 ft. So, 1 sq. in = 23*23 sq. ft
And the area of the field can be given as (23*23*497.76) / 43560 = 6.044 acres.

13. Find the value of I if the area of the field is given as 234.315 sq. m, M = 22.15 sq. m, F = 3.256, N = 1, C = 26.43.
a) 21.907 sq. m
b) 29.107 sq. m
c) 29.701 sq. m
d) 23.071 sq. m

Answer: b
Clarification: The area of the field can be given as A=M (F- I ± 10N + C). On substitution of the given values we get,
234.315 = 22.15 (3.256-I+10+26.43)
I = 29.107 sq. m.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Curve Surveying – By Ordinates of the Long Chord”.

1. Find the value of mid-ordinate if the radius of the curve is given as 40.62 m and length as 10.2m.
a) 0.43
b) 0.22
c) 0.12
d) 0.33
Answer: d
Clarification: Mid-ordinate calculation involves the following procedure,
O₀ = R – (R² – (l/2)²)^1/2. On substitution, we get
O₀ = 40.62 – (40.62² – (10.2/2)²)^1/2
O₀ = 0.33.

2. For setting the curve, chord must be divided into even number of equal parts.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: While setting a curve, the chord must be divided into even number of equal parts in order to decrease the time of the entire process. After dividing, the offsets are calculated.

3. Which of the following indicates the formula for setting a long chord by using ordinate?
a) O_x = (R² + (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀)
b) O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀)
c) O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 + (R – O₀)
d) O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R + O₀)
Answer: b
Clarification: The formula for setting a long chord by using ordinate can be given as O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀). In this O₀ is given as mid ordinate, R indicates the radius of the curve, x indicates the distance of the point from mid region.

4. General method can be adopted when radius of the curve is large.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: When the radius of the curve is large, general method might take more time while solving than expected. In order to reduce the time of procedure we generally adopt an approximate method which is only considered in case of large radius than the length of the chord.

5. In approximate method, the value of x is measured from ____________
a) Chord point
b) Mid point
c) Tangent point
d) Secant point
Answer: c
Clarification: In general, the value of x is taken from the midpoint but in case of approximate method the x value is taken from the tangent point. It is so because of the larger radius.

6. Which of the following indicates the formula for determining ordinate in an approximate method?
a) O_x = x*(l-x) / 2+R
b) O_x = x*(l-x) / 2*R
c) O_x = x*(l + x) / 2*R
d) O_x = x+ (l-x) / 2*R
Answer: b
Clarification: When the radius of the curve is large, for decreasing the time period of the entire process this process is adopted. It involves calculation of ordinate by assuming perpendicular distance and the formula is given as O_x = x*(l-x) / 2*R.

7. Find the value of ordinate at a distance of 10m having radius of 22.92m with mid-ordinate12.12.
a) 3.289
b) 2.892
c) 8.293
d) 9.823
Answer: d
Clarification: The value of ordinate placed at certain distance x can be found out by using the formula,
O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀). On substitution, we get
O_x = (22.92²-(10)²)^1/2 – (22.92 – 12.12)
O_x = 9.823.

8. If the value of O₀ = 24.62 and R = 4m, find the value of l using the general method of long chords.
a) 1636.73m
b) 1363.73m
c) 1366.73m
d) 1363.37m
Answer: a
Clarification: The general method of the ordinate calculation involves,
O₀ = R – (R² – (l/2)²)^1/2. On substitution, we get
24.62 = 4 – (4² – (l/2)²)^1/2
l = 1636.73 m.

9. Which of the following indicates the formula for a general method by ordinate of long chords?
a) ( R + (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
b) ( R * (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
c) ( R – (R^2 + (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
d) ( R – (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
Answer: d
Clarification: The perpendicular which is erected while setting curve by ordinates of long chords, is equal to versed sine of the curve which makes it equal to ( R – (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2}).

10. What will be value of ordinate placed at a distance of 20m having radius and length as 72.46m and 42.92m respectively?(use approximate method)
a) 6.13
b) 1.36
c) 3.16
d) 4.86
Answer: c
Clarification: Since the radius of the curve is large, we may consider the approximate method i.e.,
O_x = x*(l-x) / 2*R. On substitution, we get
O_x = 20*(42.92-20) / 2*72.46
O_x = 3.16.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Survey Adjustments and Errors Theory – Laws of Weights”.

1. The laws of weight are established on the basis of____________
a) Observed equation
b) Normal equation
c) Least squares
d) Probability equation
Answer: c
Clarification: The laws of weight are established based on the method of least squares in which it describes the true value among the list of possible errors. It consists of the sum of squares with a minimum residual error.

2. In the laws of weight, weight is inversely proportional to length.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In the laws of weight, it is described that weight is inversely proportional to the length which makes length of various routes level.

3. Weight of the equation remains unchanged even when the signs in the equation are changed.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The laws of weight include certain cases off which the weight of the equation doesn’t change even though the sign of the equation changes. It indicates that the sig of the equation is independent of the weight applied.

4. Find the arithmetic mean if the angles and their weights were given as 20˚42ꞌ3ꞌꞌ, 20˚42ꞌ4ꞌꞌ, 20˚42ꞌ6ꞌꞌ and 2, 2, 2 respectively.
a) 20˚42ꞌ6.3ꞌꞌ
b) 20˚42ꞌ5.3ꞌꞌ
c) 20˚42ꞌ1.3ꞌꞌ
d) 20˚42ꞌ4.3ꞌꞌ
Answer: d
Clarification: The arithmetic mean can be calculated as,
Mean = 20˚42ꞌ + (1/3)*(3ꞌꞌ + 4ꞌꞌ + 6ꞌꞌ)
Mean = 20˚42ꞌ4.3ꞌꞌ.

5. Determine the weight of the weighted arithmetic mean if the angles and their weights are given as 40˚56ꞌ2ꞌꞌ, 40˚56ꞌ7ꞌꞌ, 40˚56ꞌ12ꞌꞌ and 5, 4, 9 respectively.
a) 13
b) 18
c) 81
d) 10
Answer: b
Clarification: The weight of the weighted arithmetic mean can be calculated by summation of the individual weights. So,
Weight of the arithmetic mean = 5+ 4+ 9 = 18.

6. Find the weight of the algebraic sum of the two quantities given as 21˚43ꞌ10ꞌꞌ, 54˚32ꞌ20ꞌꞌ, having weights 5, 7 respectively.
a) 13*35
b) 13/35
c) 35/13
d) 48
Answer: c
Clarification: From the given, it is clear that we can use sum of reciprocals of individual weights i.e.
Summation = 1/5 + 1/7 = 13 / 35.
Weight of α+ β = (76˚15ꞌ30ꞌꞌ) = 1/ (13/35) = 35 /13.

7. If the angle α = 54˚32ꞌ12ꞌꞌ, having weight 7, is multiplied by a factor 5 then find the resulting weight of that angle.
a) 7/25
b) 25/7
c) 175
d) 571
Answer: a
Clarification: The weight of the angle can be found out by dividing the square of that factor with the given weight.
5α = (272˚41ꞌ) = 7 / 5² = 7 / 25.

8. Find the weight of the equation α+ β = 23˚45ꞌ20ꞌꞌ if it is multiplied by its own weight. Weight of the equation is given as 2.
a) 2
b) 1/2
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: b
Clarification: If the equation is multiplied by its own weight then the resulting weight will be equal to reciprocal of the original weight.
2*(α+ β) = 47˚30ꞌ40ꞌꞌ, weight = ¹⁄₂.

9. Determine the weight of the quantity β = 21˚54ꞌ13ꞌꞌ if it is divides by a factor 3. Its original weight is 8.
a) 9/8
b) 8/9
c) 27
d) 72
Answer: d
Clarification: If a quantity is divided a factor then the weight can be obtained by multiplying with square of that factor to the original weight.
β/3 = 7˚18ꞌ4.3ꞌꞌ = 8*(3²) = 72.

10. What will be the value of weight if the equation α+ β = 32˚18ꞌ7ꞌꞌ having weight 5 is subtracted by 180˚?
a) 3
b) 5/3
c) 5
d) 2
Answer: c
Clarification: If the equation is subtracted from a constant, the weight of the equation remains unchanged. So,
180˚- 32˚18ꞌ7ꞌꞌ = 147˚41ꞌ53ꞌꞌ, weight of the equation = 5.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Photogrammetric Surveying – Scale of a Tilted Photograph”.

1. Which of the following photographs may have a varying scale?
a) Datum photograph
b) Horizontal photograph
c) Vertical photograph
d) Tilted photograph
Answer: d
Clarification: Varying scale indicates joining points of unequal elevation, which means the ground is not flat. Mainly, tilted photographs can be taken with or without reliefs. If it is taken with relief, scale cannot be uniform.

2. Among the following, which must be known for determining scale in a tilted photograph?
a) Focal length
b) Datum height
c) Azimuth
d) Zenith
Answer: a
Clarification: A scale in tilted photograph can be known by having certain parameters. They include swing, tilt, focal length, flying height. By using these, the varying scale of tilted photograph can be determined.

3. The geometric process involved in the determination of scale for titled photograph is____________
a) Spherical
b) Cylindrical
c) Analytical
d) Co-ordinate
Answer: c
Clarification: For determining the scale of tilted photograph, assumption of certain cases is must. While calculating those cases, it is required to adopt one of the geometrical methods available. In this process, generally, analytical method is adopted along with directions.

4. Which of the following indicates the formula of scale for a tilted photograph?
a) s_h = (f*sec t / mn*sin t) / (H-h)
b) s_h = (f*sec t * mn*sin t) / (H-h)
c) s_h = (f*sec t + mn*sin t) / (H-h)
d) s_h = (f*sec t – mn*sin t) / (H-h)
Answer: d
Clarification: The scale of tilted photograph can be given as s_h = (f*sec t – mn*sin t) / (H-h). Here, f is the focal length of the lens used, mn is the perpendicular erected, t is the angle measured, and H is the height of the station, h is the height of the mean sea level.

5. Which of the following is not recommended in case of determining the scale of a tilted photograph?
a) Axis
b) Focal length
c) Height of the point
d) Tilt
Answer: a
Clarification: The determination of the scale of a tilted photograph generally requires focal length, height of the point, tilt, height of flight etc. Each of these is required to be substituted in the formula of the scale of tilted photograph for obtaining the scale.

6. Length of the line considered in case of determining scale of tilted photograph can be determined by ____________
a) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2/(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
b) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2+(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
c) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2*(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
d) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2-(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
Answer: b
Clarification: The length of the line established by using co-ordinates can be determined by using the formula,
(L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2+(Y_a+Y_b)^2}). This is established by using the co-ordinates of the points taken while having their measurements.

7. Which of the following type of photograph can be used for the generation of maps?
a) Tilted photograph
b) Vertical photograph
c) Horizontal photograph
d) Datum photograph
Answer: b
Clarification: Generation of map requires a photograph with a uniform scale, which is quite simple in case of vertical photograph. So, it is most probably adopted. But, in the case of tilted photograph the scale is not uniform with consideration of relief. Because of this reason, a combination of vertical and tilted photographs is considered sometimes.

8. Determine the length of the line AB having co-ordinates (2, 4), (6, 7).
a) 3.16m
b) 31.6m
c) 13.6m
d) 13.9m
Answer: c
Clarification: The length of the line AB can be determined by using the formula,
(L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2+(Y_a+Y_b)^2}). On substitution, we get
(L = sqrt{(2+6)^2+(4+7)^2 )})
L = 13.6m.

9. Flying height can be determined by using tilted photograph.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Tilted photograph is used in the determination of flying height which ios placed exactly above the horizon. For this image of the two points and their elevations must be known for accessing any further.

10. For identification of length of a line, co-ordinates must be known.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The establishment of co-ordinates must be needed in order to have a clear idea about the length of line needed. Co-ordinates are substituted in the length of the line determination formula for obtaining the length required.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Topographic Maps – CIM Series”.

1. Which of the following indicates the correct set for the division of map numbering?
a) CIM, IAC series
b) CIM, IAF
c) IAC, CIA
d) IAF, IAC
Answer: a
Clarification: Map numbering denotes the type of system adopted for designating the scale on map. It depends on the accuracy of the work and the precise levels of the output. Most probably small scale must be preferred for obtaining good details. It consists of CIM series and IAC series of map numbering.

2. The CIM series can be used in __________ scale.
a) 1:2,50,000
b) 1:50,000
c) 1:25,000
d) 1:10⁶
Answer: d
Clarification: The international system, CIM, can be used in case of international maps which having a large scale number. It might decrease the accuracy in output, but it is the best and most commonly used method, which consumes less time.

3. Which of the following processes is involved in CIM series?
a) Decoupled integration
b) Integration
c) Decoupled differentiation
d) Differentiation
Answer: a
Clarification: CIM series involves decoupled integration which consists of series of the objective. The CIM data modeling can be done with the help of decoupled integration.

4. Which of the following is the right expansion of CIM?
a) Commerce Information Model
b) Common Information Model
c) Common Informational Modem
d) Common Information Modem
Answer: b
Clarification: CIM can be elaborated as Common Information Model is a standard developed in North America with an objective of exchanging information among the power systems and among the utilities.

5. Which of the following is used in CIM?
a) STAAD Pro
b) Remote sensing
c) GIS
d) Revit
Answer: c
Clarification: CIM uses network operations like GIS and OMS, which can transmit the network where ever possible. It can also provide asset tracking, work scheduling and customer billing.

6. What is the common language interpreted in the CIM system?
a) Spanish
b) French
c) Italian
d) English
Answer: d
Clarification: CIM can use our common language in the inter system communication. Since the CIM is based on integration, it can have the capability to understand the input which is given by the user and can show the output based on the interest.

7. CIM was adopted by which of the following commissions?
a) ICE
b) IEI
c) ICI
d) IEC
Answer: d
Clarification: CIM is basically approved by the electric power research institute which is having a more amount of electrical work involved in it, because of this the IEC approved it and the usage of this has become one of the most used products in GIS.

8. Which of the following is not one of the software’s of GIS?
a) Arc GIS
b) RS GIS
c) Q GIS
d) Super GIS
Answer: b
Clarification: GIS involves different varieties of software’s. These are developed based on different topological variations and are able to solve those in a quick manner. Those include Arc GIS, Q GIS, and Super GIS etc.

9. ESB integration model is developed based on __________
a) CIM series
b) GIS
c) Remote sensing
d) Arc GIS
Answer: a
Clarification: CIM data modeling involves in decoupled integration which is used in the development of the ESB model with the help of GIS. GIS can control over ESB at the time of integration.

10. Swiss Alps farming can be monitored by using ________
a) Revit
b) Remote sensing
c) GIS
d) Auto CAD
Answer: c
Clarification: The cultivation of land on a slope region in Swiss Alps can be detected by using GIS software because direct manual interpretation can’t be done so easily because of the climatic conditions present in that particular area and it is critical for successful crop growth.