300+ REAL TIME Surveying Objective Questions & Answers 2023

250+ TOP MCQs on GPS Accuracy and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GPS Accuracy”.

1. Which among the following is more accurate in its output?
a) Absolute positioning
b) Resection method
c) Modern GPS surveying
d) Conventional GPS method
Answer: d
Clarification: Though there might be an improvement in modern GPS surveying, it lags behind the conventional GPS method in terms of accuracy. Conventional GPS methods serve as an ideal method for obtaining accurate output by having less impact of the orbital error.

2. Absolute positioning is not useful in precise GPS.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Absolute positioning is not much recommended in case of precise GPS because of the fact that it lacks accuracy in its output. It can find its application in case of military areas and in the commercial GPS system.

3. Precise positioning service is having an accuracy range of ____________
a) 1-5 m
b) 5-9 m
c) 10-12 m
d) 15-20 m
Answer: c
Clarification: Precise Positioning Service is equipped with a receiver which is able to track P-code. Its accuracy range is about 10-12 m which receives single frequency, with more precision in output.

4. Which of the following indicates the correct set of classification for absolute positioning?
a) Carrier wave, pseudo range
b) Pseudo range, SPS
c) SPS, carrier wave
d) Absolute positioning, SPS
Answer: a
Clarification: Absolute positioning involves a huge procedure which is sub divided into categories. Those include usage of the carrier wave and usage of pseudo range. Based on the type of work carried out, these are employed.

5. Which of the following process is adopted in case of navigation system?
a) SPS
b) Carrier wave
c) Relative positioning
d) Pseudo ranging
Answer: d
Clarification: Pseudo ranging can be adopted in case of navigation because it contains reference systems, which must be defined and maintained without direct access to the origin. Carrier wave fails in this case.

6. Which process can obtain more accuracy in position?
a) Carrier wave method
b) Absolute positioning
c) Relative positioning
d) Resection method
Answer: c
Clarification: Relative positioning is capable of delivering the accuracy in its output as it takes observations with respect to one another. This process is beneficial for differentiating horizontal geodetic network.

7. Which of the following will affect the accuracy of the GPS positioning?
a) Receiver station
b) Strength of signal
c) Position of satellite
d) Atomic clock
Answer: a
Clarification: The GPS accuracy depends upon the receiver station and the atmospheric conditions. In case of dull atmosphere, the information transmitted cannot reach the receiver end at a full length.

8. Which among the following can act as a cause wrong GPS tracking?
a) Refraction of signal
b) Strength of signal
c) Atomic clock
d) Reflection of satellite signals
Answer: d
Clarification: It is known that sometimes GPS shows wrong placement of the location tracked. This is due to blockage of the satellite signal by buildings, reflection of satellite signals, jamming of the signals.

9. The accuracy speed of the GPS depends on ______________
a) Reflection of signal
b) Signal blockage
c) Refraction of signal
d) Position of satellite
Answer: b
Clarification: They factors which can affect the accuracy speed of the signal include satellite geometry, signal blockage, atmospheric conditions and receiver design quality. All of these can create a huge impact on the speed of accuracy of the signal.

10. The clock used in GPS will synchronize to __________
a) Greenwich
b) ITC
c) UTC
d) IS
Answer: c
Clarification: GPS uses an atomic clock which can help in recording the time of signal receiving and transferring. This needs to be in sync with the Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC) which is maintained by the U.S. This helps the time recording process at the ground station too.

250+ TOP MCQs on Introduction – Well Conditioned Triangle and Answers

Surveying online test on “Introduction – Well Conditioned Triangle”.

1. A line which joins subsidiary stations on the main line is called _____
a) Tie line
b) Survey lines
c) Base lines
d) Check lines
Answer: a
Clarification: Check lines or proof lines are the lines which are run in the field to check the accuracy of the work. A Tie line is a line which joins subsidiary or tie stations on the main line.

2. In which type of surveying only linear measurements are made?
a) Contouring
b) Chain surveying
c) Theodolite surveying
d) Dumpy level
Answer: b
Clarification: Chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. This type of surveying is suitable for surveys of small extent on open take simple details.

3. A survey station is prominent on the chain line and can be either at the beginning of the chain or at the end. Such stations are known as ______
a) Main station
b) Tie station
c) Subsidiary station
d) Intermediate station
Answer: a
Clarification: However, subsidiary or tie station can also be selected anywhere on the chain line and subsidiary or tie lines may be run through them. A survey station is prominent on the chain line and can be either at the beginning of the chain or at the end. Such stations are known as the main station.

4. What is laid by joining the apex of the triangle to any point on the opposite side or by joining two points on any two sides of a triangle?
a) Check line
b) Base line
c) Tie line
d) Survey line
Answer: a
Clarification: Check line is laid by joining the apex of the triangle to any point on the opposite side or by joining two points on any two sides of a triangle. Each triangle must have a check line.

5. The accuracy in the location of the objects depends upon the accuracy in laying the ________
a) Check line
b) Base line
c) Tie line
d) Survey line
Answer: a
Clarification: Tie line is a line which joins subsidiary or tie stations on the main line. The accuracy in the location of the objects depends upon the accuracy in laying the tie line.

6. Survey stations must be mutually visible to obtain a good system of line.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Surveyor and assistant must be visible to each other. So, survey stations must be mutually visible.

7. In case, to get a well-proportioned or well-shaped triangle, no angle should be less than _________
a) 15°
b) 30°
c) 45°
d) 25°
Answer: b
Clarification: If it is less than 30° then the chance of error increases in triangulation.

8. Each triangle or portion of a skeleton must be provided with sufficient tie lines to obtain good system of lines.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Each triangle or portion of a skeleton must be provided with sufficient check lines to obtain good system of lines.

9. As far as possible, the main survey line should not pass through _____
a) Road
b) Check line
c) Obstacles
d) Tie line
Answer: c
Clarification: Always to obtain a good system of survey lines, main survey line should not pass through obstacles. It can pass through road if necessary.

10. Check lines should form well-conditioned triangles to obtain a good system of survey lines.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Main lines should form well-conditioned triangles to obtain a good system of survey lines. Each triangle or portion must be provided with sufficient check lines.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Traverse Surveying – Consecutive Co-ordinates: Latitude And Departure and Answers

Surveying test on “Traverse Surveying – Consecutive Co-ordinates: Latitude And Departure”.

1. Co ordinate length measured parallel to an assumed meridian direction may be defined as _________
a) Latitude of a survey line
b) Departure of survey line
c) Length of survey line
d) Slope of survey line
Answer: a
Clarification: The latitude of the survey line may be defined as its coordinate length measured parallel to an assumed meridian direction. True north or magnetic north or any other reference direction.

2. The departure of the survey line may be defined as its coordinate length at right angles to the meridian direction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The departure of the survey line may be defined as its co ordinate length measured at right angles to the meridian direction. The departure of the survey line is positive when measured eastward.

3. In which direction latitude of the line is positive?
a) North
b) South
c) East
d) West
Answer: a
Clarification: The latitude of the line is positive when measured northward. It is termed as northing.

4. In which direction latitude of the line is negative?
a) North
b) South
c) East
d) West
Answer: b
Clarification: The latitude of the line is negative when measured southward. It is termed as southing.

5. The departure of the line is negative in east direction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The departure of the line is negative in westward. It is termed as westing.

6. In which direction the departure of the line is positive?
a) North
b) South
c) East
d) West
Answer: a
Clarification: The departure of the line is positive when measured eastward. It is termed as westing.

7. If l is the length of the line and angle made with y-axis is y° then latitude (L) of the line is ____
a) l cos y°
b) l sin y°
c) l tan y°
d) l cosec y°
Answer: a
Clarification: We know L/l = cos y °. Then L = l cos y°. Therefore latitude L = l cos y°.

8. If l is the length of the line and angle made with y axis is y° then departure (D) of the line is ____
a) l cos y°
b) l sin y°
c) l tan y°
d) l cosec y°
Answer: b
Clarification: We know D/l = cos y °. Then D = l sin y°. Therefore latitude D = l cos y°.

9. The total latitude and departure of any point with respect to a common origin are known as dependent coordinates.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The coordinates of transverse stations can be calculated with respect to a common origin. The total latitude and departure of any point with respect to a common origin are known as independent coordinates or total coordinates.

10. Total latitude of end point of a transverse is equal to total latitudes of the first point of transverse plus the algebraic sum of all the latitudes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The independent coordinates of any point may be obtained by adding algebraically the latitudes and departure of the lines between that point and the origin.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Interpolation of Contours and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions & Answers on “Interpolation of Contours”.

1. What is the process of spacing the contours proportional between the plotted ground points established by indirect methods?
a) Interpolation
b) Tacheometric method
c) Cross section method
d) By squares method
Answer: a
Clarification: Interpolation of the contours is the process of spacing the contours proportionately between the plotted ground points established by indirect methods.

2. The methods of interpolation are based on the assumption that the slope of ground between the two points is uniform.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Interpolation of the contours is the process of spacing the contours proportionately between the plotted ground points established by indirect methods. The methods of interpolation are based on the assumption that the slope of ground between the two points is uniform.

3. Which of the following is not a chief method of Interpolation?
a) By estimation
b) By arithmetic calculation
c) By graphical method
d) By cross sections
Answer: d
Clarification: The methods of interpolation are based on the assumption that the slope of ground between the two points is uniform. The chief methods of Interpolation are by estimation, by arithmetic calculations, by graphical method.

4. Which of the following methods is extremely rough and is used for small scale work only?
a) By estimation
b) By arithmetic calculation
c) By graphical method
d) By cross sections
Answer: a
Clarification: Estimation method is extremely rough and is used for small scale work only. The positions of contour points between the guide points are located by estimation.

5. The positions of contour points between the guide points are located by _______
a) Estimation
b) Arithmetic calculations
c) Graphical method
d) Cross sections
Answer: a
Clarification: Estimation method is extremely rough and is used for small scale work only. The positions of contour points between the guide points are located by estimation.

6. Which of the following Interpolation method is accurate and time consuming?
a) by estimation
b) by Arithmetic method
c) by graphical method
d) by squares
Answer: b
Clarification: Arithmetic method is accurate but time consuming. The positions of contour between the guide points are located by arithmetic calculation.

7. In which of the following methods Interpolation is done with the help of a tracing paper?
a) by estimation
b) by Arithmetic method
c) by graphical method
d) by squares
Answer: c
Clarification: In the graphical method, the Interpolation is done with the help of a tracing paper. Sometimes tracing cloth is also used.

8. In cross sections method, cross sections are run traverse to the centre line of a road, railway or canal etc.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In this method, cross sections are run transverse to the centre line of a road, railway or canal etc. The method is most suitable for railway route surveys.

9. In the case of hilly terrain, the tacheometric method may be used with advantages.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In the case of hilly terrain, the tacheometric method may be used with advantages. A tacheometer is a theodolite fitted with stadia diaphragm so that staff readings against all the three hairs may be taken.

10. In cross sections method, If there are irregularities in the surface between two cross lines, additional guide points may be located on intermediate cross lines.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: If there are irregularities in the surface between two cross lines, additional guide points may be located on intermediate cross lines. If required, some of the cross lines may also be chosen at any inclination other 90° to the main line.

250+ TOP MCQs on Plane Table Surveying – Graphic Triangulation and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Plane Table Surveying – Graphic Triangulation”.

1. Which among the following is not a method of plane table surveying?
a) Radiation
b) Trisection
c) Intersection
d) Resection
Answer: b
Clarification: The methods which are adopted in case of plane table surveying involve radiation, Intersection, resection and traversing, which are used based on the type of output required.

2. The method of radiation is used when distances are small.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In the method of radiation, a ray is drawn from the instrument station towards the point, the distance is measured between the instrument station and that point by which, the point is located. This method is more suitable when the distances are small.

3. Method of Intersection is used when _____________
a) Distance between point and instrument is very small
b) Distance between point and instrument is infinity
c) Distance between point and instrument is small
d) Distance between point and instrument is large
Answer: d
Clarification: Method of intersection is used when the distance between the point and the instrument station is either too large or cannot be measured accurately due to some conditions. The location of an object is determined by sighting the object from two plane table stations.

4. Which of the following methods required two instrument stations?
a) Radiation
b) Intersection
c) Resection
d) Traversing
Answer: b
Clarification: The location of an object is determined by sighting the object from two plane table stations and drawing the rays. The intersection of these rays will give a position of the object, because of this it is essential to have at least two instrument stations for locating any point.

5. Which among the following methods of plane table is most commonly used?
a) Intersection
b) Resection
c) Traversing
d) Radiation
Answer: a
Clarification: The method of intersection usually involves locating a station point and marking the remaining points, followed by changing the instrument to another point and computing the remaining points from which the required distance between the points can be found out with the minimal effort.

6. Which of the following set indicates the location of details of the survey?
a) Resection, intersection
b) Radiation, resection
c) Radiation, intersection
d) Traversing, resection
Answer: c
Clarification: The methods radiation and intersection usually involves collecting or locating the required details which accessed for computing the survey. Traversing and resection involve the location of plane table stations.

7. Method of intersection is also known as _____________
a) Resection
b) Graphical triangulation
c) Radiation
d) Traversing
Answer: b
Clarification: Method of intersection is also known as graphical triangulation because it involves the formation of triangles in computed traverse and moreover this process is a graphical method.

8. The process of determining the plotted position of the station occupied by the plane table is known as _________
a) Trisection
b) Radiation
c) Intersection
d) Resection
Answer: d
Clarification: By the resection process, the plane table station points are located in which they are taken as reference for locating the remaining points of the traverse.

9. Orientation might cause a huge problem in method of resection.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: If the table is not correctly oriented at the station in the method of resection, the intersection of the two resectors will not give the correct location of the station. The problem, therefore, lies in the orienting table at the stations.

10. The observations made in method of traversing can be used as ___________
a) Bisecting point
b) Traverse point
c) Instrument stations
d) Survey point
Answer: c
Clarification: The main difference between method of traversing and method of radiation is that in the case of radiation the observations are taken to those points which are to be detailed while in the case of traversing the observations are made to those points which will be subsequently used as instrument stations.

250+ TOP MCQs on Tacheometric Surveying – Stadia Method Principle and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Tacheometric Surveying – Stadia Method Principle”.

1. Horizontal distances are measured by direct methods, i.e. laying of chains or tapes on the ground.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Generally, horizontal distances are measured by direct methods, i.e. laying of chains or tapes on the ground. These methods are not always convenient if the ground is undulating, rough, difficult and inaccessible.

2. If the ground is undulating, rough, difficult and inaccessible. Under these circumstances _________ methods are used to obtain distances.
a) Direct methods
b) Indirect methods
c) Chain surveying
d) Tacheometry
Answer: b
Clarification: Generally, horizontal distances are measured by direct methods, i.e. laying of chains or tapes on the ground. These methods are not always convenient if the ground is undulating, rough, difficult and inaccessible. Under these circumstances, indirect methods are used to obtain distances.

3. Which of the following is an indirect method of surveying?
a) Chain surveying
b) Tacheometry
c) Countouring
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Generally, horizontal distances are measured by direct methods, i.e. laying of chains or tapes on the ground. These methods are not always convenient if the ground is undulating, rough, difficult and inaccessible. Under these circumstances, indirect methods are used to obtain distances. One such method is “Tacheometry”.

4. Using tacheometric methods, elevations can also be determined.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Using tacheometric methods, elevations can also be determined. It is in fact a branch of angular surveying in which both the horizontal and vertical positions of points are determined from the instrumental observations, the chain surveys being entirely eliminated.

5. Which of the following is the branch of angular surveying in which both the horizontal and vertical positions of points are determined from the instrumental observations, the chain surveys being entirely eliminated?
a) Tacheometry
b) Contouring
c) Ranging
d) Random line method
Answer: a
Clarification: Using tacheometric methods, elevations can also be determined. It is in fact a branch of angular surveying in which both the horizontal and vertical positions of points are determined from the instrumental observations, the chain surveys being entirely eliminated.

6. Tacheometer has ______ number of horizontal hairs.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: b
Clarification: A tacheometer is similar to an ordinary transit theodolite, generally a vernier theodolite itself, fitted with two stadia wires in addition to the central cross-hair. The stadia diaphragm has three horizontal hairs viz., a central horizontal hair and upper and lower stadia hairs.

7. Which of horizontal hairs are equivalent in stadia diaphragm of tacheometer?
a) Upper and central
b) Central and lower
c) Upper and lower
d) Lower, central and upper
Answer: c
Clarification: The stadia diaphragm has three horizontal hairs viz., a central horizontal hair and upper and lower stadia hairs. The upper and lower stadia hairs are equidistant from the central horizontal hair. Stadia hairs are sometimes called stadia lines.

8. The magnification of the telescope in tacheometer should be at least _______ to _______ diameters.
a) 10 to 20
b) 10 to 30
c) 20 to 30
d) 20 to 40
Answer: c
Clarification: For the purpose of tacheometry, even though an ordinary transit can be employed, accuracy and speed are increased if the instrument is specially designed for the work. The magnification of the telescope in tacheometer should be at least 20 to 30 diameters.

9. What should be the aperture required for tacheometer?
a) 30mm
b) 40mm
c) 25mm
d) 15mm
Answer: b
Clarification: The magnification of the telescope in tacheometer should be at least 20 to 30 diameters, with an aperture of at least 40 mm for a sufficiently bright image.

10. The magnifying power of the eyepiece is also smaller than for an ordinary transit to produce a clearer image of a staff held far away.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The magnifying power of the eyepiece is also greater than for an ordinary transit to produce a clearer image of staff held far away.

11. For short sights of about _____ m or less, an ordinary levelling staff may be used. For long sights, special staff called stadia rod is generally used.
a) 50
b) 100
c) 150
d) 200
Answer: b
Clarification: For short sights of about 100 m or less, an ordinary levelling staff may be used. For long sights, special staff called stadia rod is generally used. The graduations are in bold type (face about 50 mm to 150 mm wide and 15 mm to 60 mm thick) and the stadia rod is 3 m to 5 m long. To keep the staff or stadia rod vertical, a small circular spirit level is fitted on its backside. It is hinged to fold up.

12. In fixed hair method, the distance between _______ hair and__________ hair are fixed.
a) Upper and central
b) Central and lower
c) Upper and lower
d) Lower, central and upper
Answer: c
Clarification: In this method, the distance between the upper hair and lower hair, i.e. stadia interval i, on the diaphragm of the lens system is fixed. The staff intercepts, therefore, changes according to the distance D and vertical angle θ.

13. Distance and elevation formulae for fixed hair method assuming line of sight as horizontal and considering an external focusing type telescope is D = Ks + C. where K is _______
a) f/i
b) i/f
c) f + c
d) f – c
Answer: a
Clarification: The constant K is equal to (f /i). It is called multiplying constant of the tacheometer and is generally kept as 100. The constant C is equal to (f + c). It is called additive constant whose value ranges from 30 cm to 50 cm for external focusing telescopes and 10 cm to 20 cm for internal focusing telescopes.

14. For anallactic lens in D = Ks + C, which of the following is zero?
a) D
b) K
c) C
d) S
Answer: c
Clarification: The constant C is equal to (f + c). It is called additive constant whose value ranges from 30 cm to 50 cm for external focusing telescopes and 10 cm to 20 cm for internal focusing telescopes. For telescopes fitted with anallactic lens, C equals zero.

15. Distance and elevation formulae for fixed hair method assuming the line of sight as horizontal and considering an external focusing type telescope is D = Ks + C. where C is _______
a) f/i
b) i/f
c) f + c
d) f – c
Answer: c
Clarification: The constant K is equal to (f /i). It is called multiplying constant of the tacheometer and is generally kept as 100. The constant C is equal to (f + c). It is called additive constant whose value ranges from 30 cm to 50 cm for external focusing telescopes and 10 cm to 20 cm for internal focusing telescopes.