Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Ideal Transition Curve”.

1. A curve which is having a varying radius is called _____________
a) Simple curve
b) Compound curve
c) Transition curve
d) Reverse curve
Answer: c
Clarification: A transition curve is having a varying radius which is introduced in between the branches of different curves. It is used in areas where a straight line and a curve have to be connected.

2. In order to prevent the case of overturning, which of the following is provided?
a) Super elevation
b) Reverse curve
c) Simple curve
d) Compound curve
Answer: a
Clarification: Super elevation is provided in such a way that there is a rise at a side of the curve which helps in avoiding overturning, which is given as B/gR which helps in determining the amount of elevation needed to be provided.

3. The provision of equilibrium cant can be seen in case of__________
a) Curves
b) Mountains
c) Highways
d) Railways
Answer: d
Clarification: The provision of equilibrium cant can be seen in case of railways, which is capable of providing the same amount of load on either side of the track, which makes the passenger not to lean in any direction.

4. Side friction factor is used in which of the following cases?
a) Reverse curve
b) Transition curve
c) Simple curve
d) Compound curve
Answer: b
Clarification: Side friction factor is the force transferred by friction to the pavement, which can be used in case of highways while providing super elevation to avoid overturning of vehicles.

5. With increase in super elevation there must be subsequent increase in centrifugal force for balancing it.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: While considering super elevation, the weight of the vehicle and centrifugal force must be taken into consideration. So if there is an increase in super elevation, centrifugal force must be increased so that it balances the motion with less frictional force.

6. Length of transition curve can be given as __________
a) L = r tan(δ/2)
b) L = ne
c) L = n – e
d) L = n + e
Answer: b
Clarification: Length of transition curve is given as L = ne in which, e describes about the amount of super elevation provided which should be at a required rate and n varies in between 300 to 1200.

7. Which of the following methods doesn’t describe the method of finding length of transition curve?
a) Arbitrary gradient
b) Time rate
c) Bisection of arcs
d) Rate of Change of radial acceleration
Answer: c
Clarification: The length of transition curve depends upon amount of super elevation provided which must be at a required rate. It can be determined by an arbitrary gradient, time rate and change of radial acceleration.

8. Among the methods available for determining the length of the curve, which is commonly used?
a) Bisection of arcs
b) Time rate
c) Arbitrary method
d) Rate of change of radial acceleration
Answer: d
Clarification: In the rate of change of radial acceleration, time rate methods length is directly proportional to which makes both of them useful. But, in accuracy perspective, rate of change of radial acceleration method is used most commonly.

9. Clothoid is also known as___________
a) Glover’s spiral
b) Froude’s equation
c) Cartesian curve
d) Cubic spiral
Answer: a
Clarification: A clothoid is an ideal transition curve in which, length is inversely proportional to the radius of the curve. It is also known as Glover’s spiral.

10. Froude’s transition is also known as___________
a) Clothoid
b) Cubic parabola
c) Cubic spiral
d) Glover’s spiral
Answer: b
Clarification: Cubic parabola is also known as Froude’s transition curve. It uses Cartesian co-ordinates which are required for setting the curve. It is the most commonly used transition curve, which can use rectangular co-ordinates too.

11. Determine the super elevation, if the width of the road can be given as 2.96m, radius of curve as 62.96m, vehicle speed = 56m/s.
a) 51.303m
b) 51.03m
c) 15.03m
d) 15.3m
Answer: c
Clarification: Super elevation or cant can be derived by,
e = Bv²/g*R. on substitution, we get
e = 2.96*56² / 9.81*62.96
e = 15.03m.

12. If the super elevation for a road is given as 24m, find the length of transition curve.
a) 15.6 km
b) 15.6 m
c) 15.6 cm
d) 15.6 mm
Answer: a
Clarification: The length of transition curve can be determined by,
L = n*e, the value of n varies in between 300-1200. Assume the value of n = 650. On substitution, we get
L = 650*24
L = 15600 m. = 15.6 km.

13. Using intrinsic equation, find the value of the length of curve between two points of a 45m transition curve having radius 24.76m with an inclination of 8˚43ꞌ.
a) 319.37m
b) 913.37m
c) 139.73m
d) 139.37m
Answer: d
Clarification: From the intrinsic equation,
( l = sqrt{2RLθ}.) On substitution, we get
(l = sqrt{2*24.76*45*8˚43ꞌ})
l = 139.37m.

14. If the radius of curvature of a curve being 45.42m with an inclination of 7˚52ꞌ. The value of s and L corresponds to 2 and 56m respectively, find the total tangent length of a transition curve.
a) 03.02m
b) 30.02m
c) 2.3m
d) 3.2m
Answer: b
Clarification: The total length of a transition curve can be determined by,
(R+s)*tan (θ/2) + L*(1 – (frac{s}{R})) / 2. On substitution, we get
= (45.42+2)*tan (7˚52ꞌ/2) + 56*(1 – (frac{2}{45.42})) / 2
= 30.02m.

15. In a cubic parabola, if the value of x co-ordinate is 7, radius of the curve is given as 42.69m and the length of the curve as 24m. Find the y co-ordinate.
a) 2.76
b) 1.05
c) 0.05
d) 5
Answer: c
Clarification: The value of y co-ordinate can be determined by using the formula,
y = x³ / 6*R*L. on substitution, we get
y = 7³ / 6*42.69*24
y = 0.05.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Field Astronomy – Astronomical Corrections”.

1. Which of the following doesn’t belong to the set of corrections applied in astronomical corrections?
a) Correction of parallax
b) Correction of sag
c) Correction of refraction
d) Correction of semi-diameter
Answer: b
Clarification: Astronomical corrections are applied in the case of celestial bodies. They generally include corrections for parallax, for refraction, for semi-diameter, for the dip of horizon. All these are not applied at once but are applied based on the necessity.

2. Magnitude of refraction depends upon which of the following factors?
a) Density
b) Surface tension
c) Reflection
d) Polarisation
Answer: a
Clarification: Due to the curvature of the earth surface, the layers of the atmosphere can be thinner as its distance from surface increases. It may cause the deviation in the angle of ray which is equal to refraction angle. The magnitude of refraction depends on density of air, temperature, pressure of barometer, altitude.

3. Correction to the dip is always_____________
a) Zero
b) Multiplicative
c) Subtractive
d) Additive
Answer: c
Clarification: Angle of dip can be assumed as the angle between true and visible horizon. Due to the curvature of the earth, the dip angle must be subtracted from the observed angle, which makes the correction as subtractive.

4. Determine the index error for face right, if the face left and face right readings were given as 18˚24ꞌ52ꞌꞌ and 18˚23ꞌ24ꞌꞌ.
a) +24ꞌꞌ
b) +49ꞌꞌ
c) +4ꞌꞌ
d) +44ꞌꞌ
Answer: d
Clarification: For determining the correction for index error, calculate the mean reading = (18˚24ꞌ52ꞌꞌ + 18˚23ꞌ24ꞌꞌ) / 2 = 18˚24ꞌ8ꞌꞌ
Index error for face right can be given as 18˚24ꞌ8ꞌꞌ – 18˚23ꞌ24ꞌꞌ = +44ꞌꞌ.

5. Find the altitude correction for semi-diameter which is having index error 25˚46ꞌ21ꞌꞌ and semi-diameter 0˚26ꞌ21ꞌꞌ.
a) 26˚12ꞌ42ꞌꞌ
b) 62˚12ꞌ42ꞌꞌ
c) 26˚21ꞌ42ꞌꞌ
d) 26˚12ꞌ24ꞌꞌ
Answer: a
Clarification: The altitude correction for the semi-diameter can be given as the summation of index error with the semi-diameter mentioned i.e.,
25˚46ꞌ21ꞌꞌ + 0˚26ꞌ21ꞌꞌ = 26˚12ꞌ42ꞌꞌ.

6. Determine the correction for refraction if the angle of azimuth is given as 62˚21ꞌ24ꞌꞌ.
a) 10˚11ꞌ50.74ꞌꞌ
b) 0˚1ꞌ50.74ꞌꞌ
c) 0˚1ꞌ0.74ꞌꞌ
d) 50˚1ꞌ50.74ꞌꞌ
Answer: b
Clarification: The correction for refraction can be given as 58ꞌꞌ tan z. Where, z is the Azimuthal angle. On substitution, we get
58ꞌꞌ*tan (62˚21ꞌ24ꞌꞌ) = 0˚1ꞌ50.74ꞌꞌ.

7. Determine the correction for parallax which has to be applied to 29˚42ꞌ31ꞌꞌ for obtaining altitude of the sun, which is given as 32˚41ꞌ15ꞌꞌ.
a) 53˚51ꞌ
b) 53˚15ꞌ
c) 35˚51ꞌ
d) 5˚51ꞌ
Answer: a
Clarification: Correction for parallax can be given as
Correction for parallax = horizontal parallax * cos apparent latitude
Correction for parallax = 8*8cos α. On substitution, we get
Correction for parallax = 53˚51ꞌ, this has to applied for 29˚42ꞌ31ꞌꞌ in order to have the correct altitude of the sun.

8. Determine the corrected azimuth value if the azimuth is given as 54˚32ꞌ15ꞌꞌhaving b = +23ꞌꞌ with vertical angle 29˚42ꞌ31ꞌꞌ.
a) 67˚39ꞌ40ꞌꞌ
b) 67˚30ꞌ39.78ꞌꞌ
c) 67˚39ꞌ39.78ꞌꞌ
d) 76˚39ꞌ39.78ꞌꞌ
Answer: c
Clarification: The corrected azimuth can be determined by the summation of azimuth with correction applied.
Correction = b*tan α = 23*tan 29˚42ꞌ31ꞌꞌ = 13˚7ꞌ24.8ꞌꞌ. On summation,
Corrected azimuth = 54˚32ꞌ15ꞌꞌ + 13˚7ꞌ24.8ꞌꞌ
Corrected azimuth = 67˚39ꞌ39.78ꞌꞌ.

9. Which of the following is always subtractive?
a) Correction for reflection
b) Correction for dip
c) Correction for parallax
d) Correction for polarization
Answer: b
Clarification: The correction applied for the dip is always subtractive. Dip is the angle between true and the visible horizon, the observations are taken from the sextant, the altitude of the star can be measured by this. Correction applied for the parallax is always additive.

10. Apply correction for dip angle if the height of the observer at the sea level is given as 54m.
a) 23˚13ꞌ45.05ꞌꞌ
b) 0˚3ꞌ45.05ꞌꞌ
c) 0˚31ꞌ45.05ꞌꞌ
d) 0˚13ꞌ45.05ꞌꞌ
Answer: d
Clarification: The correction for dip is found out by using the formula,
Tan β = (sqrt{2h/R}). Where, R is the radius of earth.
Tan β = (sqrt{2*54/(6370*1000)})
β = 0˚13ꞌ45.05ꞌꞌ.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Remote Sensing – Electromagnetic Spectrum”.

1. Energy of the discrete particles can be given by_______
a) Photons
b) Protoplasm
c) Electrons
d) Neutrons
Answer: a
Clarification: Photons act as a constituent particle in case of electromagnetic wave. These possess certain properties like energy and momentum which is able to deliver it to the wave and helps in certain classifications.

2. Which among the following is having more wavelengths?
a) X-rays
b) Cosmic waves
c) Radio waves
d) Gamma rays
Answer: c
Clarification: Radio waves possess the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum, which makes it suitable in the usage of classified radars for operating in a particular region.

3. Which among the following wave is not employed in case of remote sensing?
a) X-ray
b) Visible ray
c) Thermal IR
d) Radio waves
Answer: a
Clarification: Gamma rays, X-rays and UV rays will be absorbed by the atmosphere so that the sensor which is mounted on the satellite can’t use the facilities which can be provided by these rays and also these possess very less wavelength.

4. Optical mechanical scanner is used in which type of electromagnetic waves?
a) X-rays
b) Cosmic waves
c) Radio waves
d) Thermal IR
Answer: d
Clarification: Infrared region has been classified into thermal IR and reflected IR. Thermal IR is equipped with the optical mechanical scanner and a special system which is free from a film produces images by using wavelengths of range 3-5 micrometer.

5. Radio waves are having the longest wavelength among all the electromagnetic waves.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: In an electromagnetic spectrum, certain classifications were made to determine the wave properties. Among them, radio and television waves stand at last having a long wavelength parameter. This makes it suitable for usage of radars.

6. Gamma rays are having a wavelength of _________
a) Zero
b) Greater than 0.03nm
c) Less than 0.03nm
d) Equal to 0.03nm
Answer: c
Clarification: In an electromagnetic spectrum Gamma rays are having second least wavelength. It can be clearly observed that these rays are absorbed by the atmosphere which makes it possess least wavelength, which is less than 0.03nm.

7. Which of the following waves can be used in case of remote sensing?
a) UV rays
b) X-rays
c) Gamma rays
d) Visible rays
Answer: d
Clarification: Electromagnetic spectrum consists of a wide range of classifications among those some of them are absorbed by the atmosphere and most of them are used in remote sensing those include visible rays, IR rays, Radar waves, Radio waves etc.

8. Which of the following indicates the correct set of combination in radio waves?
a) Shorter wavelength – high frequency
b) Longer wavelength – less frequency
c) Shorter wavelength – less frequency
d) Longer wavelength – high frequency
Answer: a
Clarification: From the relation it can be clearly seen that wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional to each other which makes it form a relation that is shorter wavelength must possess high frequency which makes it suitable in case of cosmic rays and radio waves.

9. How much wave length is reflected back by the earth surface from the absorbed sun radiation?
a) 0.5meter
b) 0.5 micrometer
c) 0.5 centimeter
d) 0.5 decimeter
Answer: b
Clarification: In general, the radiation received from sun is distributed to all over the world in a manner that the entire radiation is useful. But some of this is reflected back, which is 0.5 micrometer, a minute one.

10. EM waves varies from ______ to ________
a) Meters to nano-meters
b) Meters to micro-meters
c) Nano to micro-meters
d) Centimeters to nano-meters
Answer: a
Clarification: The EM wave is continuum of energy, which under goes certain propagations. During this course, it may undergo some undulations which result in decrease of the wave length capacity. Generally, these vary from meters to nano-meters.

11. The formula of energy produced from the body can be given as _________
a) Q = h- c / λ
b) Q = h*c * λ
c) Q = h+ c / λ
d) Q = h*c / λ
Answer: d
Clarification: The energy propagated from the body can be determined by
Q = h*c / λ. From this, the wave length can be determined by having an energy value. This help in the determination of the wavelength by using plank’s constant.