Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Aerial Photogrammetry”.

1. The lens used in aerial photogrammetry is having a maximum coverage capacity of _________ (in angles)
a) 93⁰
b) 63⁰
c) 53⁰
d) 98⁰
Answer: a
Clarification: In general, the lens used in aerial photogrammetry having a minimum coverage area of 63⁰ and a maximum coverage area of 93⁰. The usage of the coverage angle depends upon the type f land being surveyed and the accuracy needed in output.

2. Which of the following is not a type of shutter used in aerial photogrammetry?
a) Between-the-lens shutter
b) Louvre shutter
c) Ideal shutter
d) Focal plane shutter
Answer: c
Clarification: Shutter plays a prominent role in the process of aerial photogrammetry. The speed of shutter must be in such a way that it should function at a speed of 1/100 to 1/1000 second. It is classified as between the lens type, focal plane type, Louvre type.

3. For placing focal plane, which is used as a reference?
a) Focal length
b) Horizon
c) Azimuth
d) Collimation marks
Answer: d
Clarification: Collimation marks can be used as a reference while placing the focal plane. It may place the focal plane at a near distance from nodal plane from which the best possible image can be obtained.

4. Focal plane varies while aerial photogrammetry is carried out.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In the process of aerial photogrammetry, the air-craft is placed at a considerable height so that it can cover a huge area while taking photographs. But the focal plane of the aerial camera is fixed at one location, rather than varying.

5. Which among the following surveying methods is meant to be having high precision?
a) Aerial photogrammetry
b) Terrestrial photogrammetry
c) Theodolite surveying
d) Traverse surveying
Answer: a
Clarification: Though terrestrial photogrammetry is having accuracy in the obtained values, aerial photogrammetry is capable of producing precise output when compared to the remaining methods. This accuracy makes it different from the remaining methods and is recommended when high quality works are conducted.

6. Vertical photograph coincides with the__________
a) Direction of line of sight
b) Direction of lens
c) Direction of aperture
d) Direction of gravity
Answer: d
Clarification: The aerial photograph consists of a vertical photograph which is made of the camera axis which is made to coincide with the direction of gravity. Optical axis must be first made straight in order to continue further.

7. How much inclination must be provided in a tilted photograph?
a) 13˚
b) 20˚
c) 3˚
d) 34˚
Answer: c
Clarification: In general, a tilted photograph consists of inclination up to 3˚, which makes it to have an individual tilted scale. It might help in determining the objects which are inclined in the photograph.

8. If the apparent horizon is shown in a photograph, it is low oblique.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Oblique photograph is used in case of aerial photography, with an intention that the camera axis lies in between horizontal and vertical. High oblique is obtained in case of possessing apparent horizon otherwise it isn’t shown.

9. Perspective projection is produced from__________
a) Straight lines radiating a common point
b) Straight lines radiating different points
c) Parallel lines radiating a common point
d) Perpendicular lines radiating a common point
Answer: a
Clarification: The introduction of perspective projection is done by the straight lines radiating a common point and passing through point on the spherical surface. Aerial photogrammetry uses this phenomenon.

10. Flying height refers to_________
a) Upper portion of the exposure station
b) Bottom of the exposure station
c) Depression of the exposure station
d) Elevation of the exposure station
Answer: d
Clarification: Flying height indicates the elevation of the exposure station above the sea level. Any datum selected can act as a reference so that the flying height can be considered from them.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GIS – Components”.

1. GIS uses the information from which of the following sources?
a) Non- spatial information system
b) Spatial information system
c) Global information system
d) Position information system
Answer: b
Clarification: Among the various information sources available, GIS chose spatial information system as its source for obtaining the required information for developmental process. This spatial information system serves as a base for different type of works done by the use of GIS.

2. Among the following ____________ can be expressed as an example of hardware component.
a) Keyboard
b) Arc GIS
c) Auto CAD
d) Digitalization
Answer: a
Clarification: GIS comprises certain key components such as hardware, software, data and user. Hardware consists of the components used in the computer which include a keyboard, monitor, CD-ROM etc.

3. Which of the following formats can be used for GIS output?
a) DXF
b) PDF
c) GIF
d) HTML
Answer: c
Clarification: GIS output can be handled with a wide range of formats available. Among them, the most commonly used are GIF, JPEG, TIFF etc., usage of the format depends upon the software used in computer and also its bit performing capacity.

4. In the process of GIS, digitalization is done for better output.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Digitalization involves the conversion of the data from raster to vector so that the hardware data can be obtained in software. It can be done either by manual interpretation or by digital scanning.

5. Which among the following is not related to GIS software’s?
a) CAD
b) Arc GIS
c) Arc View
d) STAAD Pro
Answer: d
Clarification: GIS involves a different procedure which consists of several steps. So it requires a high end processing system and a software, which must adapt to its capability. Among them, STAAD Pro is not used in case of GIS. It is permitted to only structures and its analysis.

6. Among the following, which do not come under the components of GIS?
a) Hardware
b) Software
c) Compiler
d) Data
Answer: c
Clarification: GIS consists of certain components which denote the entire process of the system. It comprises hardware, software, user and data. These are having certain features which are accomplished at their stage.

7. Data can be shared in the process of GIS.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The entire functioning of GIS involves developing a map or detailed analysis of the area taken for development. In this, data can be analyzed but can’t be shared. This is one of the major drawbacks in GIS procedure.

8. Which of the following doesn’t determine the capability of GIS?
a) Defining a map
b) Representing cartographic feature
c) Retrieving data
d) Transferring data
Answer: d
Clarification: Capability of GIS determines its ability to accomplish the work assigned. It can define a map with database, can represent cartographic feature, can store and retrieve data and many more. By doing these, it can act as a source for development of errors.

9. Which of the following acts a benefit of GIS?
a) Maintaining geo spatial data
b) Data sharing
c) Accurate data information
d) Presence of data retrieval service
Answer: a
Clarification: There are a lot of advantages regarding the usage of GIS. They include maintaining geo spatial data, value added products, productivity and efficiency of data, can save time and money etc.

10. Which among the following is a server based hardware platform of GIS?
a) Autodesk Revit
b) STAAD Pro
c) Arc GIS
d) Google-maps
Answer: d
Clarification: GIS is a place based information derivative platform, which can have a spatial feature not related to location. There are certain platforms which can have the ability to access the GIS interface. Here, Google Maps is a server based platform and remaining are offline applications.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Road Project Survey”.

1. Which of the following must be considered while conducting a road survey?
a) Density
b) Alignment of the curves
c) Specific gravity
d) Atmospheric conidtion
Answer: b
Clarification: Road survey is conducted for having a better output with the right alignment of the curves. The placement of the curve must be noticed while determining the alignment. Consideration of slopes is an important task while handling road survey.

2. Skid resistance is calculated while conducting road survey.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The determination of skid resistance is must be done while conducting a road survey because this determines the efficiency of the road. The application of skid resistance can be calculated by the amount of super elevation provided.

3. Which of the following indicates the objective of road survey?
a) Specific gravity
b) Density
c) Pavement design
d) Detailed layout of road way
Answer: d
Clarification: The main objective of road survey is to have detailed layout of road way, observation of potholes, speed breakers and determination of loss of effective width at different locations.

4. Density of the road is not taken into consideration.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The determination of density of road plays a major role in the lifespan of the road. If the density is more the average life span of the road will increase and vice-versa. The decrease in density is due to the formation of pot holes.

5. Which of the following will come under the manual method of road survey?
a) GIS
b) Walking and windshield survey
c) Walking survey
d) Windshield survey
Answer: c
Clarification: Road survey can be done either in manual method or by an automatic method. The manual methodology includes walking survey, windshield survey and the combination of both.

6. Which of the following software’s can be useful while conducting road survey?
a) GIS
b) RS
c) STAAD Pro
d) Revit
Answer: a
Clarification: Among the following, GIS can be used in the process of Road survey. It is having the properties of the classification methods which can be accessed to have a better result.

7. Which of the following road survey method is a time consuming method?
a) Walking and windshield survey
b) Walking survey
c) Windshield survey
d) GIS
Answer: b
Clarification: Among all the methods available, the walking survey is a tedious procedure and involves walking on the pavement for taking observations. Even though it is a lengthy procedure, it is proven as the best method for an accurate result.

8. Which of the following procedure involves both technological and human interpretation?
a) GIS
b) Windshield survey
c) Walking survey
d) Walking and windshield survey
Answer: d
Clarification: Manual method is sometimes elected as the best method based on the conditions and the output obtained. In the manual methods available, a combination of walking and windshield survey involves usage of both technological and human activities.

9. Among the interpretation methods available, which is opted as the best?
a) STAAD Pro
b) RS
c) GIS
d) Walking survey
Answer: c
Clarification: Road survey can be done either manually or by machine. Both are capable of giving the best results. But in terms of time, the automatic methods are chosen. Among them, GIS method is the best as the interpretation is easy and accurate.

10. Which of the following is included in the road project survey report?
a) Location
b) Terrain
c) Slope
d) Gradient
Answer: a
Clarification: After completion of the road survey, a report has to be submitted to clarify certain things regarding the selection of alignment. It includes observation details, justification, location, time and date, duration etc.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Chain Surveying – Chain Triangulation”.

1. What is the lateral distance of an object or ground feature measured from a survey line?
a) Offset
b) Perpendicular distance
c) Side distance
d) Perpendicular offset
Answer: a
Clarification: An offset is the lateral distance of an object or ground feature measured from a survey line. When the angle of the offset is 90°, it is called perpendicular offset.

2. An offset is laid out 6° from its true direction on the field. Find the resulting displacement of the plotted point on the paper in a direction parallel to the chain line? (Given the length of offset is 10 m and scale is 5 m to 1 cm)
a) 0.209 cm
b) 0.260 cm
c) 0.0109 cm
d) 0.910 cm
Answer: a
Clarification: Distance parallel to the chain = lsin∆/ s = 10 sin 6°/ 5 = 0.209 cm.

3. An offset is laid out 6° from its true direction on the field. Find the resulting displacement of the plotted point on the paper in a direction perpendicular to the chain line? (Given length of offset is 10 m and scale is 5 m to 1 cm)
a) 0.209 cm
b) 0.260 cm
c) 0.0109 cm
d) 0.910 cm
Answer: c
Clarification: Distance perpendicular to the chain = l(1 – cos∆)/s = 10 (1 – cos 6°)/5. By simplifying we get 0.0109 cm.

4. An offset is laid out 1° 30′ from its true direction on the field. Find the degree of accuracy with which the offset should be measured so that the maximum displacement of the point on the paper from both sources may be equal?
a) 1 in 38
b) 1 in 39
c) 1 in 36
d) 1 in 37
Answer: b
Clarification: Displacement due to angular error is lsin∆. Displacement due to linear error l/r. Equating both r = 38.20. Hence, the offset should be measured with an accuracy of 1 in 39.

5. An offset is measured with an accuracy of 1 in 40. If the scale of plotting is 1 cm = 20 m, find the limiting length of the offset so that the displacement of the point on the paper from both sources of error may not exceed 0.25 mm?
a) 14.10 m
b) 14.14 m
c) 14.40 m
d) 14.44 m
Answer: b
Clarification: The total displacement of the paper = √2 l /rs. From this we can simply for l = (0.025/√2)*40*20 = 14.14 m.

6. What triangles are generally preferred to get good results in plotting?
a) Isosceles
b) Obtuse angled
c) Equilateral
d) Acute angle
Answer: c
Clarification: To get good results in plotting, the frame work should consist of triangles which are as nearly equilateral as possible.

7. The line must run through level ground as possible is the condition to be fulfilled by survey lines or survey stations.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The survey stations should be so selected that a good system of lines is obtained fulfilling the following conditions such as survey stations must be mutually visible, the lines must run through level ground as possible etc.

8. The main lines should form well-conditioned triangles is the condition to be fulfilled by survey lines or survey stations.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The survey stations should be so selected that a good system of lines is obtained fulfilling the following conditions such as the lines must run through the level ground as possible, the main lines should form well-conditioned triangles etc.

9. Survey lines must be as few as possible is the condition to be fulfilled by survey lines or survey stations.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The survey stations should be so selected that a good system of lines is obtained fulfilling the following conditions such as the lines must run through the level ground as possible, survey lines must be as few as possible so that the frame work can be plotted conveniently, the main lines should form well-conditioned triangles etc.

10. As far as possible main survey lines should pass through the obstacles to get know how many obstacles present.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The survey stations should be so selected that a good system of lines is obtained fulfilling the following conditions such as the lines must run through the level ground as possible, as far as possible, the main survey lines should not pass through obstacles.

Surveying Questions and Answers for Campus interviews on “Levelling – Balancing Backsights and Foresights”.

1. By balancing back sight and fore sight error due to curvature can be eliminated.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: When the difference in elevation between any two points is determined from a single set up back sighting on one point and fore sighting on the other, error due to curvature can be eliminated. Error due to refraction also be eliminated.

2. By balancing back sight and fore sight error due to non parallelism of the line of collimation can be eliminated.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: When the difference in elevation between any two points is determined from a single set up back sighting on one point and fore sighting on the other, error due to non parallelism of the line of collimation can be eliminated. Error due to refraction also is eliminated.

3. By which of the following, the difference in elevation between two points can be calculated by taking a difference between the two readings and no correction for the inclination of the line of sight is necessary?
a) Levelling
b) Centering
c) Contouring
d) Balancing
Answer: d
Clarification: If the back sight and foresight distances are balanced, the difference in elevation between two points can be directly calculated by taking a difference of two readings and no correction for the inclination of the line of sight is necessary.

4. If the observed back sight and fore sight are x1 and x2. The correction back sight on A will be equal to x1-y1, where y1= D1 tan i°. The correct fore sight on B will be equal to x2-y2 where, y2 = D2 tan i°. Then what is the correction difference in level between A and B.
a) x1 – x2
b) x2 – x1
c) x1 – x2 + (D2 tan i° – D1 tan i°)
d) x2 – x1 + (D1tan i° + D2 tan i°)
Answer: c
Clarification: The correct difference in level between A and B is (x1 – x2) – (x2 – y2) = (x1 – x2) + (y2 – y1) = x1 – x2 + (D2 tan i° – D1 tan i°).

5. If the observed back sight and fore sight are x1 and x2. The correction back sight on A will be equal to x1-y1, where y1= D1 tan i°. The correct fore sight on B will be equal to x2-y2 where, y2 = D2 tan i°. Then what is the correction difference in level between A and B, if D1 = D2?
a) x1 – x2
b) x2 + x1
c) x1 – x2 + (D2 tan i° – D1 tan i°)
d) x2 – x1 + (D1tan i° + D2 tan i°)
Answer: a
Clarification: The correct difference in level between A and B is (x1 – x2) – (x2 – y2) = (x1 – x2) + (y2 – y1) = x1 – x2 + (D2 tan i° – D1 tan i°) = x1 -‘x2.

6. If the observed back sight and fore sight are 20 m and 18 m. The correction back sight on A will be equal to 16 m, The correct fore sight on B will be equal to 14 m where then what is the correction difference in level between A and B?
a) 4 m
b) 3 m
c) 2 m
d) 6 m
Answer: c
Clarification: The correct difference in level between A and B is (20 – 4) – (18- 4) = 20 – 18 = 2 m.

7. If the staff reading at point A = ha and at a point B = hb. The correct staff reading should have been Ha and Hb, then the correction difference in elevation between A and B is given by _____
a) ha – hb
b) ha + hb
c) Ha – Hb
d) Ha + Hb
Answer: c
Clarification: The correction difference in elevation between any two points is given by taking a difference of correct staff reading. Therefore, here Ha – Hb.

8. If the staff reading at point A = ha and at a point B = hb. The correct staff reading should have been Ha and Hb, where Ha = ha – ha’ and Hb = hb – hb’ then the correction difference in elevation between A and B is given by ____________
a) ha – hb – ha’ + hb’
b) ha + hb + ha’ + hb’
c) Ha – Hb + ha’ – hb’
d) Ha + Hb
Answer: a
Clarification: The correction difference in elevation between any two points is given by taking a difference of correct staff reading. Therefore, here Ha – Hb.
Ha – Hb = (ha – ha’) – (hb – hb’) = ha – hb – ha’ + hb’.

9. If the back sight and fore sight distances are balanced, the elevation between two points is equal to the difference between the rod readings taken to the two points and correction for curvature and refraction is necessary.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: If the back sight and fore sight distances are balanced, the elevation between two points is equal to the difference between the rod readings taken to the two points. No correction for curvature and refraction is necessary.

10. Turning point is also called _____
a) intermediate point
b) level point
c) change point
d) end point
Answer: c
Clarification: Turning point is a point on which both minus sight and plus sight are taken on a line of direct levels. It is also called a change point.

To practice all areas of Surveying for Campus Interviews,