Category: Surveying Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Theodolite Traversing – Methods and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Theodolite Traversing – Methods”.

1. In order to measure the magnetic bearing of a line, the theodolite should be provided with ______
a) extra telescope
b) spirit level
c) compass
d) tabular or trough compass
Answer: d
Clarification: In order to measure the magnetic bearing of a line, the theodolite should be provided with either a tabular compass or trough compass.

2. Direct angles are angles measured clockwise from the preceding line to the following line.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Direct angles are angles measured clockwise from the preceding line to the following line. They are also known as angles to the right or azimuths from the back line.

3. In measuring direct angles, azimuths from the back line may vary from 0° to 180°.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Direct angles are angles measured clockwise from the preceding line to the following line. They are also known as angles to the right or azimuths from the back line. They may vary from 0° to 360 °.

4. A deflection angle is an angle in which a survey line makes with the prolongation of the preceeding line.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: A deflection angle is an angle in which a survey line makes with the prolongation of the preceding line. It is designated as right (R) or left (L) according to its measure to the clockwise or to anti clockwise from the prolongation of the previous line.

5. How methods are there for prolongation of a straight line?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: c
Clarification: There are three methods of prolonging a straight line. Those are named as first method, second method and third method.

6. To run a straight line between two points, when both ends are inter visible. We establish intermediate points through ________
a) line of sight
b) balancing
c) using random line
d) back sight
Answer: a
Clarification: Set instrument at A and take sight on B. Establish intermediate points C, D, E etc. In the line of sight. It possible only in case both ends are inter visible.

7. To locate the point of intersection of two straight lines, we stretch a thread or string between two stakes, where line of sight cuts the string is over required point of intersection.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Let it be required to locate the point of intersection P of the two lines AB and CD. Set the instrument at A, sight B and set two stakes a and b a short distance apart on either side of the estimated position of point P. Set the instrument at C and sight D. Stretch a thread or string between ab and locate P, where the line of sight cuts the string.

8. Theodolite can be used to lay off a horizontal angle.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Theodolite can be used to lay off a horizontal angle. It also used to locate the point of intersection, to run a straight line between two points, to prolong straight line etc.

9. The method of repetition is used when it is required to lay off an angle with greater precision than that possible by single observations.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The method of repetition is used when it is required to lay off an angle with greater precision than that possible by single observations.

10. To measure a vertical angle, the instrument should be levelled with reference to the line of sight.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: To measure a vertical angle, the instrument should be levelled with reference to the altitude bubble. When the altitude bubble is on the index frame procedure starts.

250+ TOP MCQs on Area Calculation – Area by Double Meridian Distances and Answers

Surveying Puzzles on “Area Calculation – Area by Double Meridian Distances”.

1. Double meridian distance of a line is equal to __________
a) Sum of parallel distances
b) Sum of perpendicular distances
c) Sum of total areas
d) Sum of meridian distances
Answer: d
Clarification: The double meridian distance of a line is equal to the sum of the meridian distances of the two extremities, which is useful for the determination of the required area of the plot.

2. Which of the following area calculation methods is mostly used?
a) Area by double meridian
b) Area by co-ordinates
c) Area by planimeter
d) Area by Simpson’s rule
Answer: a
Clarification: Area by double mean distances involves more methods of obtaining the area, which actually increases the accuracy of the output. Each method is having its own importance which can be sorted out based on the inputs available.

3. The double parallel distance can be given as __________
a) Sum of vertical distances
b) Sum of perpendicular distances
c) Sum of parallel distances
d) Area of parallel distances
Answer: c
Clarification: The double parallel distance for a line can be given as sum of the parallel distances of its ends. The principles of finding area by D.M. D. method and D.P.D. method are identical.

4. Which of the following indicates the purpose of D.P.D?
a) Checking area computed by D.P.D
b) Checking area computed by D.M.D
c) Checking area computed by perpendiculars
d) Checking area computed by parallels
Answer: b
Clarification: The D.P.D method is employed for checking the area computed by D.M.D method. It is an independent area and has its own set of rules but some principles are identical.

5. Which of the following describes the double meridian distance?
a) Sum of latitudes
b) Sum of horizontal distances
c) Sum of parallel distances
d) Sum of meridian distances
Answer: d
Clarification: Double meridian distance of a line is equal to sum of the meridian distances of the two extremities. It is represented by the symbol M. The area calculated by double meridian distance can be having accuracy in its output.

6. Calculate the area of the figure by using the data provided. L1 = 92.69 m, L2 = 248.96 m, L3 = 146.31m, L4 = 157.43 m.
surveying-puzzles-q6
a) 29283.46 sq. m
b) 29823.46 sq. m
c) 29328.64 sq. m
d) 29238.64 sq. m
Answer: a
Clarification: From the figure, it can be observed that it consist four triangles so the total are can be given as the summation of the area of triangles.
A = 1⁄2(D1*L1) + 1⁄2(D2*L2) + 1⁄2(D3*L3) + 1⁄2(D4*L4)
= 1⁄2(112.69*92.69) + 1⁄2(242.96*24.31) + 1⁄2(146.31*170.69) + 1⁄2(157.43*109.52)
= 5222.61 + 2953.17 + 12486.82 + 8620.86 = 29283.46 sq. m.

7. Find the value of M2 if D1 = 24.86 m, D2 = 17.65 m.
a) 76.37 m
b) 67.37 m
c) 76.73 m
d) 37.76 m
Answer: b
Clarification: The value of M2 can calculated by M2 = M1 + D1 + D2. But we already know that M1 = D1. So, on substitution, we get
M2 = 24.86 + 24.86 + 17.65 = 67.37 m.

8. Find the meridian distance if m1 = 32.76, and D2 = 44.56 m.
a) 71.24 m
b) 17.24 m
c) 17.42 m
d) 71.42 m
Answer: d
Clarification: Meridian distance can be calculated by m2 = m1 + D1/2 + D2/2. On substitution we get,
m2 = 32.76 + 32.76/2 + 44.56/2
m2 = 71.42 m.

9. Find the area of a triangle if latitude distance is given as 209.96 m and meridian distance is 5.78 m.
a) 1213.86 sq. m
b) 1231.68 sq. m
c) 1213.68 sq. m
d) 1123.68 sq. m
Answer: c
Clarification: If the latitude and meridian distance are given then the area of a triangle can be calculated by the product of both i.e., Area of triangle = latitude * meridian distance = 209.96 * 5.78 = 1213.68 sq. m.

10. Find the area of the figure by double distances, if L1 = 13.99 m and L2 = 66.54 m.
surveying-puzzles-q10
a) 2247.17 sq. m
b) 2274.17 sq. m
c) 2274.71 sq. m
d) 2247.71 sq. m
Answer: a
Clarification: The formula for area by double distances can be given as
A = 1⁄2 (M1*L1+ M2*L2). We know that, M1 = D1 = 24.56 m and M2 = M1 + D1 + D2 = 24.56 + 24.56 + 13.26 = 62.38 m. On substitution, we get
A = 1⁄2(24.56*13.99 + 62.38 * 66.54) = 2247.17 sq. m.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Designation of Curve and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Designation of Curve”.

1. Which of the following doesn’t represent the classification of the curve?
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Reverse
Answer: c
Clarification: A curve can be expressed as a turning which is provided for a change in direction. It is classified as Simple curve, Compound curve, Reverse curve, Transition curve.

2. The formula for length of the curve can be given as ____________
a) L = R * Δ
b) L = R + Δ
c) L = R * (tan(frac{Δ}{2}))
d) L = R / Δ
Answer: a
Clarification: Length of the curve can be given as the total distance from point of curvature to point of tangent, which is given as L = R * Δ where, Δ is the deflection angle.

3. Sharpness of the curve can be determined by _________
a) Chord length
b) Radius
c) Mid-ordinate
d) Tangent
Answer: b
Clarification: The sharpness of the curve can be determined by the radius or by its degree of curvature. In India, degree of curvature method is adopted due to the circumstances.

4. Relation between radius and degree of curvature can be approximately given as __________
a) R = 5370 / D
b) R = 7530 / D
c) R = 5770 / D
d) R = 5730 / D
Answer: d
Clarification: The relation between radius and degree of curvature can be given as, R = 5730 / D. It is an approximation which can be verified by applying check if necessary.

5. The relation of radius and degree of curvature cannot be applied for small radius.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: We know that the relation between radius and degree of curvature is an approximate value, it cannot be applied for smaller curves and also for obtaining more accuracy in work, it is recommended to take exact value rather than approximate value.

6. The maximum curvature provided for a highway is about__________
a) 100
b) 200
c) 300
d) 500
Answer: b
Clarification: Over turning of vehicle depends upon the amount of curvature provided, which should be at a minimum rate. In general, highways are provided curvature and railway track is having curvature about 10.

7. While designing a curve, which among the following must be taken into consideration?
a) Minerals present
b) Geomorphology
c) Topography
d) Rocks present
Answer: c
Clarification: For designing a curve, topography must be given at most importance which plays a crucial role in determining its durability. Topography involves obtaining information about the folds, faults, undulations present. So that care can be taken while designing.

8. Length of the curve depends on the criteria used for defining the degree of the curve.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In India, all the curves are designated based on the degree of curvature which is different from the curve designated based on radius. The criteria used will be depending upon the degree obtained by the curve, which are pre-defined.

9. Mid-ordinate is also known as __________
a) Cosine of curve
b) Sine of curve
c) Versed cosine of curve
d) Versed sine of curve
Answer: a
Clarification: The value of mid-ordinate can be given as, M = R (1 – cos (Δ/2)) in which the value (1 – cos (Δ/2)) is expressed as versed sine. Mid-ordinate is the ordinate from midpoint of long chord to midpoint of curve.

10. The formula for tangent length can be given as __________
a) T = R + tan(Δ/2)
b) T = R * tan(Δ/2)
c) T = R / tan(Δ/2)
d) T = R – tan(Δ/2)
Answer: b
Clarification: The tangent distance can be defined as the distance between point of curvature to point of intersection, which is given as T = R tan (Δ/2). Here, Δ = deflection angle which is determined by setting instrument at required points.

11. Find the value of mid-ordinate if the value of R can be given as 22.19m and the angle is given as 19˚21ꞌ.
a) 0.89 m
b) 0.98 m
c) 0.13 m
d) 0.31 m
Answer: d
Clarification: The mid-ordinate can be determined by R-R*cos (θ/2), which on substitution may obtain,
= 22.19-22.19*cos (19˚21ꞌ/2)
= 0.31 m.

12. What would be the length of the curve, if the radius of the curve is 24.69m and the angle is given as 12˚42ꞌ?
a) 9.87 m
b) 5.74 m
c) 5.47 m
d) 9.78 m
Answer: c
Clarification: The formula for finding the length of the curve can be given as l = R*(π/180)*θ. On substitution, we get
l = 24.69*(π/180)*12˚42ꞌ
l = 5.47 m.

13. Find the tangent length if the radius of the curve and its angle were given as 42.64m and 42˚12ꞌ.
a) 16.45 m
b) 16.54 m
c) 61.45 m
d) 61.54 m
Answer: a
Clarification: The value of tangent length can be found out by using the formula,
T = r*tan (θ/2). On substitution, we get
T = 42.64*tan (42˚12ꞌ/2)
T = 16.45 m.

14. What would be the value of apex distance if the angle is given as 13˚42ꞌ and the radius of the curve is given as 19.24m?
a) 0.1134 m
b) 0.831 m
c) 0.318 m
d) 0.138 m
Answer: d
Clarification: The apex distance for a simple curve can be given as
E = R*(sec (θ/2)-1). On substitution, we get
E = 19.24*(sec (13˚42ꞌ/2)-1)
E = 0.138 m.

15. If the radius of the curve is given as 14.96m and the angle is about 32˚24ꞌ, find the length of the chord.
a) 8.43 m
b) 8.34 m
c) 4.83 m
d) 3.43 m
Answer: b
Clarification: Length of the chord can be given as L = 2*r*sin (θ/2)
L = 2*14.96*sin (32˚24ꞌ/2)
L = 8.34 m.

250+ TOP MCQs on Survey Adjustments and Errors Theory – Accidental Errors Laws and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Survey Adjustments and Errors Theory – Accidental Errors Laws”.

1. The laws of accidental errors follow which of the following principle?
a) Normal equation
b) Probability law
c) Laws of weight
d) Most probable value
Answer: b
Clarification: Laws of accidental errors follow the probability law, which is having a definite law for accidental error occurrence. It defines the errors and helps in expressing them in the form of equations.

2. Which of the following does not indicate the feature in laws of accidental errors?
a) Negligible errors
b) Small errors
c) Large errors
d) Positive errors
Answer: a
Clarification: The features in laws of accidental errors include the tendency of small errors to be more frequent, positive and negative errors with equal frequency and making large errors occurrence impossible.

3. Most probable value is equal to which of the following?
a) Differentiation
b) Summation
c) Arithmetic mean
d) Normal equation
Answer: c
Clarification: Most probable value is equal to the arithmetic mean, in case all the taken weights are equal and in case of unequal weights, it is equal to the weighted arithmetic mean.

4. The value of mean square error can be given as__________
a) (∑v2+n)1/2
b) (∑v2*n)1/2
c) (∑v/n)1/2
d) (∑v2/n)1/2
Answer: d
Clarification: The mean square error is the ratio which is obtained by the taking mean of all the possible errors. It is taken as. It is useful in determining the possible error occurred and helps in reducing it by distributing it equally.

5. Probability curve describes about_______________
a) Normal equation
b) Frequency of errors
c) Probability curve
d) Probability equation
Answer: b
Clarification: The probability curve, which is established from the theory of probability, describes about the features like relative frequency of the errors in the form of curve. It is the basis for many mathematical derivations.

6. Determine the probable error in a single measurement if the summation of the difference between mean and single observation is given as 8.76 in a series of 7 observations.
a) 0.98
b) 0.93
c) 9.08
d) 0.89
Answer: a
Clarification: The value of the probable error of single observation can be determined by using the formula,
Es = 0.6745*(sqrt{∑v^2/(n-1)}.) On substitution, we get
Es = 0.6745*(sqrt{8.76^2/(7-1)}.)
Es = 0.98.

7. Determine the probable error of measurements by using the different probable errors, which are given as 5.64, 2.98, 0.98 and 2.54.
a) 3.96
b) 9.63
c) 6.93
d) 9.36
Answer: c
Clarification: The probable error of measurements can be given as,
Probable error of measurement = (sqrt{E1^2+E2^2+E3^2+E4^2} ). On substitution, we get
= (sqrt{5.64^2+2.98^2+0.98^2+2.54^2} )
= 6.93.

8. What will be the mean square error, if the readings were given as 2.654, 2.987, 2,432 and 2.543.
a) 3.305
b) 0.335
c) 0.305
d) 30.35
Answer: b
Clarification: The mean square error can be given as,
M.S.E = (sqrt{∑v^2/n}). The mean of the readings can be given as,
(2.645 + 2.987 + 2.432 + 2.543) / 4 = 2.651.
The values of v are obtained by difference of each reading with the mean. So, the ∑v can be given as
∑v = (2.651-2.645) + (2.987-2.651) + (2.651-2.432) + (2.652-2.543) = 0.67
On substitution, we get
M.S.E = (sqrt{∑v^2/n})
M.S.E = (sqrt{0.67^2/4})
M.S.E = 0.335.

9. If the value of error due to the single measurement is 6.54 for 10 observations, then calculate the value of average probable error.
a) 2.086
b) 2.608
c) 0.268
d) 2.068
Answer: d
Clarification: The average probable error can be calculated by using the formula,
Em = Es / (sqrt{n}). On substitution, we get
Em = 6.54 / (sqrt{10})
Em = 2.068.

10. Find the number of observations if the mean square error and the summation of the difference between the individual and the mean series are given as 0.987 and 3.654.
a) 14
b) 12
c) 10
d) 9
Answer: a
Clarification: The mean square error can be calculated by using the formula,
M.S.E = (sqrt{∑v^2/n}). On substitution, we get
0.987 = (sqrt{3.654^2/n})
n = 14 (approximately).

250+ TOP MCQs on Photogrammetric Surveying – Aerial Camera and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Photogrammetric Surveying – Aerial Camera”.

1. Both Terrestrial and aerial cameras are having the same functionality.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The functionality of the terrestrial and aerial camera is the same i.e., capturing pictures. In case of aerial photogrammetry, aerial camera is mounted on top of moving aeroplane. It must satisfy the required inputs, which it must possess.

2. Which of the following doesn’t include in the lens?
a) Filter
b) Shutter
c) Diaphragm
d) Azimuth
Answer: d
Clarification: The lens which is used in aerial photogrammetry is having a certain combination. It consists of lens, diaphragm, shutter and the filter. Each one has its prominence in the process of aerial photogrammetry.

3. While using a large lens, which type of shutter is adopted?
a) Between-the –lens shutter
b) Louvre shutter
c) Focal plane shutter
d) Ideal shutter
Answer: b
Clarification: Shutter is the most important component which will capture the photographs. The number of photographs captured will depend on the shutter speed. These are of 3 types of which for the large lens, Louvre lens are adopted for high speed.

4. Which among the following specifies the use of diaphragm?
a) Adjusting focal plane
b) Managing azimuth
c) Adjusting horizon
d) Managing size of aperture
Answer: d
Clarification: Diaphragm is placed in the aerial camera in order to increase or decrease the size of the aperture. By doing this the light rays entering the camera can be controlled and the shutter speed can be controlled. If the diaphragm opening is larger, shutter speed will be high.

5. Which of the following is not an essential part of the aerial camera?
a) Shutter
b) Lens
c) Horizon
d) Magazine
Answer: c
Clarification: In general, an aerial camera consists of a lens, shutter, focal plane, magazine, drive mechanism. These are having their priorities of their own based on the time of usage. Shutter will play a prominent role while capturing the photographs.

6. Which among the following is placed in between lens elements?
a) Diaphragm
b) Lens
c) Line of sight
d) Magazine
Answer: a
Clarification: A diaphragm is placed between the lens elements. It can act as an opening of the lens. By rotating it can actually zoom the object which is been sighted and also decrease the size.

7. Filter consists of ________
a) piece of aperture
b) piece of hole
c) piece of glass
d) piece of lens
Answer: c
Clarification: Filter can be described as the piece of glass which can be placed in front of the lens. Due to the condition of the atmosphere, different filters can be adopted so that the readings can be taken exactly but not approximately.

8. Focal plane is provided at _____________
a) Point of resection
b) Point of intersection
c) Point of contraction
d) Point of collimation
Answer: b
Clarification: The provision of a focal plane is done at the point of collimation. These collimation marks are provided at the upper surface of the cone surface. It is suggested to place near nodal point.

9. Which of the following doesn’t come under drive mechanism?
a) Tripping the shutter
b) Operating vacuum system
c) Winding the film
d) Binding the film
Answer: d
Clarification: A drive mechanism is involved in the camera body and is used for tripping the shutter, operating vacuum system and winding the film. This can be done by manual operation or automatic operation.

10. Which of the following can hold the films of the focal plane?
a) Magazine
b) Convergence
c) Divergence
d) Intersection
Answer: a
Clarification: Magazine involves in holding the films and houses the film flattening device at the focal plane. It plays a major role in the drive mechanism, which can help in moving parts of the system.

250+ TOP MCQs on GIS – Topology and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GIS – Topology”.

1. Study of geometric objects will come under the category of ______________
a) Surveying
b) Cartography
c) Surface geometry
d) Topology
Answer: d
Clarification: Topology can be determined as the study of geometric objects that remain invariant under major circumstances which include bending and stretching. It can be able to determine the spatial relation between adjacent vector features.

2. Which type of data set is not used in GIS related software’s?
a) Vertex
b) Point
c) Poly line
d) polygon
Answer: a
Clarification: Data set plays a major role in the determination of the output developed in the GIS software. Point feature can be used for identification of certain area, poly line for identifying road network, pipe lines and polygon for two-dimensional features.

3. Among the available formats, which are most commonly used in case of GIS?
a) GIF
b) TIFF
c) JPEG
d) DXF
Answer: b
Clarification: TIFF format is the most commonly used format in case of GIS. It is because of the fact that most of the computers are equipped with this software and also it can be easily accessed with the help of GIS software. Other software might create any trouble, but this serve at its best.

4. The point data feature can be used to represent __________
a) Location
b) Area
c) 3D area
d) Volume
Answer: a
Clarification: The different data features like point, poly line and polygon can be used to identify different poly graphic features. Among them, the point is used to locate the feature of the object like location.

5. The polygonal data feature uses which of the following data format?
a) Scientific character
b) Math
c) Character
d) Integer
Answer: d
Clarification: The data formats which are generally used in case of GIS are integer, float, and text format. These are selected in the GIS software based on the type of work being carries out.

6. Which of the following justifies the usage of topology?
a) Terrain of the area
b) Geometry of the model
c) Climatic conditions
d) Atmospheric conditions
Answer: b
Clarification: The topology can be used for having an idea about the geometry of the model, how it can change from feature of the class on integration. This helps in the interpretation of the image.

7. Spatial relationship can be established by using GIS.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The usage of GIS involves determining the spatial relationship between the object of our sight. This can be useful in data compilation and also in the analysis of the spatial relationship.

8. Which feature of GIS can share the boundary of the polygon?
a) Polygons
b) Poly lines
c) Dongle nodes
d) Silver polygons
Answer: a
Clarification: The polygons generated in the GIS software sometimes may share their boundary. This might lead to the creation of silver polygons. In this case, area feature of the polygon will be shared.

9. Which of the following indicate topological primitive?
a) Poly line
b) Point
c) Node
d) Polygon
Answer: c
Clarification: In GIS, topological primitives are used. Those include nodes, faces and edges. These are defined by representing the feature geometries in a planar graph of a topological element.

10. Which of the following acts as a key to GIS?
a) Topology
b) Platform
c) Software
d) Terrain
Answer: a
Clarification: Topology acts as a key to GIS, which can access every aspect of GIS. It is accompanied by some set of rules and determines the point, polygon and poly line features.