Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Triangulation – Base Line Measurement”.

1. Which of the following is the most important process in the triangulation system?
a) Towers
b) Signals
c) Base line measurement
d) Reconnaissance
Answer: c
Clarification: The base line measurement serves as an important source in the process of triangulation. It helps in determination of station points and the elevated, peak points in a terrain which help in the remaining fields like signals, towers etc.,

2. The length of the tenth base is__________
a) 1.7 miles
b) 2.7 miles
c) 4.7 miles
d) 6.7 miles
Answer: a
Clarification: The length of the base chosen will depend upon the grade of the triangulation adopted. Generally, in India, ten bases were adopted off which the tenth base is having a length of 1.7 miles.

3. Ground which is having undulations is taken into consideration while setting base line.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In the triangulation system, base line will have the at most importance. It will be the key factor of the classification, as it describes the accuracy of the work. So in order to improve that, a ground with fewer undulations must be chosen.

4. Which of the following is not a form of base measuring apparatus?
a) Flexible apparatus
b) Rigid bars
c) Spiral apparatus
d) Colby apparatus
Answer: c
Clarification: The base line measurement involves certain processes of which rigid bars, flexible apparatus are the basic divisions made. The remaining will come under the sub-categories of these.

5. Corrections can be applied without measuring the temperature in field.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The measured base line can contain some errors which will decrease the accuracy of the output. While using steel and brass wires this possibility increases. So in order decrease the prone of having less accuracy, corrections are applied without considering certain parameters.

6. Colby apparatus will come under which of the following forms?
a) Optical apparatus
b) Flexible apparatus
c) Rigid bars
d) Jaderin’s apparatus
Answer: c
Clarification: While determining the base line, some of the methods are adopted in which usage of rigid bars is one of them. The usage of rigid bars involves in the formation of certain classes of which Colby is present.

7. Which of the following indicates a flexible apparatus?
a) Copper tape
b) Steel tape
c) Chain
d) Iron tape
Answer: b
Clarification: A steel tape is used in case of flexible apparatus because it involves speed in the work which is an economical one. But due to speed concern, it lacks accuracy.

8. Which of the following methods is having more amount of flexibility?
a) Flexible apparatus
b) Rigid bars
c) Colby apparatus
d) Jaderin’s method
Answer: d
Clarification: Jaderin’s method is said to be having more flexibility when compared to the remaining methods of setting a base line. This method involves usage of tripods, tapes which are able to provide accurate value when ever used so that they won’t loose flexibility.

9. The formula for correction for temperature is ___________
a) C = α (T_m – T₀) L
b) C = α (T_m – T₀) + L
c) C = α (T_m + T₀) L
d) C = α (T_m – T₀) / L
Answer: a
Clarification: The formula for correction of temperature can be given as C = α (T_m – T₀) L, where α determines the value of coefficient of thermal expansion, T_m = mean temperature, T₀ = temperature during standardisation, L = length measured.

10. What will be the correction for absolute length of the length of the line is 20m, correction is 2m and length of the tape is 30m?
a) 1.43
b) 1.34
c) 31.42
d) 2.65
Answer: b
Clarification: The correction for absolute length can be given as
C_a = L*c / l. On substitution, we get
C_a = 20*2 / 30
C_a = 1.34.

11. Determine the correction for the temperature, if the mean temperature is 30˚C and the temperature during standardization of tape is about 28˚C with length of the line 9m.
a) 8*10^-6
b) 81*10^-6
c) 18*10^-6
d) 18*10⁶
Answer: c
Clarification: The correction for temperature can be assumed as,
C_t = α*(T_m – T₀)*L. here, α = 1*10^-6˚C. On substitution, we get
C_t = 1*10^-6*(30-28)*9
C_t = 18*10^-6.

12. Apply correction for tension, if the pull applied during measurement is 15N and standard pull is about 8N. Measured length is about 10m, cross-section of the tape is 5 sq. cm with E 2*10⁷ N/sq. cm.
a) 7*10⁷
b) 6*10⁷
c) 7*10¹⁰
d) 7*10²
Answer: a
Clarification: The correction for pull or tension can be given as,
C_p = (P-P_o)*L / A*E. On substitution, we get
C_p = (15-8)*10 / (5*2*10⁷)
C_p = 7*10⁷.

13. If the weight of the tape is 1kg having length 100m with 6 equal bays. The pull applied will be 9N, calculate the correction for sag.
a) 0.01042
b) 0.0142
c) 0.142
d) 0.00142
Answer: d
Clarification: Correction of sag can be given as,
C_s = l*W² / (24*n²*p²). On substitution, we get
C_s = 100*1 / (24*6²*9²)
C_s = 0.00142.

14. Calculate the correction for misalignment, if the length of the line is 18m with perpendicular of 3m.
a) 0.52
b) 0.25
c) 2.05
d) 5.02
Answer: b
Clarification: The correction for misalignment can be calculated by,
C_h = d² / 2*L. On substitution, we get
C_h = 3² / 2*18
C_h = 0.25.

15. What will be the correction for slope, if the length of the line is given as 20m with slope of 5˚46ꞌ?
a) 1.101
b) 0.011
c) 0.101
d) 1.001
Answer: c
Clarification: The correction to slope can be given as,
C_v = 2*L*sin²(θ/2). On substitution, we get
C_v = 2*20*(5˚46ꞌ/2)
C_v = 0.101.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Terrestrial Photogrammetry”.

1. Stereoscopic measurement involves in __________
a) Fusing photographs
b) Stripping photographs
c) Tilting photographs
d) Placing vertical
Answer: a
Clarification: The main purpose of using stereoscopic measurement is to fuse the photographs in to a single spatial image which can parallactically displace each of the photographs.

2. The errors caused due to terrestrial photogrammetry can be reduced by _______
a) Stereo photogrammetry
b) Terrestrial stereo photogrammetry
c) Remote sensing
d) GIS
Answer: b
Clarification: The errors caused due to the plane table photogrammetry can be reduced or eradicated by using another photogrammetry method which is terrestrial stereo photogrammetry. This involves modern techniques which can be used for further purposes.

3. Which process is capable of covering maximum area with minimum effort?
a) Terrestrial photogrammetry
b) Remote sensing
c) GIS
d) Traversing
Answer: a
Clarification: The coverage of maximum area involves more amount of information which can be done by terrestrial photogrammetry. This involves more information with less photographs taken.

4. Which among the following methods is easy in computing photographs?
a) Remote sensing
b) Plane table photogrammetry
c) Terrestrial photogrammetry
d) GIS
Answer: c
Clarification: Terrestrial photogrammetry involves modern techniques which are used and easily understood by everyone. In the case of plane table photogrammetry, the main problem occurs at pairing of photographs.

5. Which among the following is the best mapping procedure?
a) Elite photogrammetry
b) plane table photogrammetry
c) Terrestrial photogrammetry
d) Aerial photogrammetry
Answer: d
Clarification: Among the different mapping procedure involved, aerial photogrammetry is the best method till date. It is so because of the fact that more amount of information can be covered with less effort. But it is of high cost and due to this government will handle these types of works.

6. Which of the following is used in Terrestrial photogrammetry?
a) Horizon
b) Maps
c) Zenith
d) Azimuth
Answer: b
Clarification: The use of existing maps is done in case of terrestrial photogrammetry as it serves as a reference for its improvement in further approach. It is used in both the classifications for improving accuracy.

7. In terrestrial method, both plotting recording are done simultaneously.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: Though both terrestrial and plane table surveying indicate the same principle but in plane table both plotting and recording is done in the field, while terrestrial photogrammetry involves the same work but done at various places. This is the major difference between the two processes.

8. Which of the following processes cover entire area in a short span?
a) Aerial photogrammetry
b) Terrestrial photogrammetry
c) Theodolite surveying
d) Traverse surveying
Answer: b
Clarification: Terrestrial photogrammetry involves in the usage of photo theodolite which is capable of comprising a vast are in a short span of time. It is also capable of producing accurate value which is suitable for producing required output.

9. Which of the following indicates the correct set of terrestrial photogrammetric classification?
a) Plane-table, stereo
b) Theodolite, terrestrial
c) Plane-table, terrestrial stereo
d) Theodolite, terrestrial stereo
Answer: c
Clarification: Terrestrial photogrammetry involves two branches which are given as plane-table photogrammetry and terrestrial stereo photogrammetry. These are capable of studying ground from existing maps, and reconnaissance is made through this classifications.

10. Which among the following is capable of giving accuracy in its output?
a) Traverse surveying
b) Theodolite surveying
c) Aerial photogrammetry
d) Terrestrial photogrammetry
Answer: d
Clarification: A terrestrial photogrammetry involves in the usage of photo theodolite which is having precision in its obtained result. The classification is done so as to improve the accuracy in the output based on the type of field employed.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GIS – Four M’s”.

1. Which of the following indicates the correct set of M’s used in the case of GIS?
a) Manipulating, monitoring, mapping, modeling
b) Measuring, manipulating, mapping, modeling
c) Measuring, monitoring, marketing, modeling
d) Measuring, monitoring, mapping, modeling
Answer: d
Clarification: GIS follows certain principles which are accompanied as measuring the parameters, developing maps, monitoring the changes, modeling the alternatives of the process. This is the methodology followed for obtaining a better output.

2. Which of the following works involves modeling?
a) Tectonic plate movement
b) Drainage network
c) Roadway line
d) Railway line
Answer: b
Clarification: Modeling is used in the environmental works, drainage network and model terrains which are usual in acquiring information of the required object. This helps in covering information about the specific object in a wide range.

3. Mapping involves which of the following?
a) Soil details
b) Boundary details
c) Cadastral details
d) Population details
Answer: c
Clarification: Mapping is done in order to asses a particular area or object in a detailed manner. It includes land use land cover details, cadastral details, agriculture and hydrological details.

4. In which aspect of agriculture GIS is used?
a) Soil analysis
b) Seed requirement
c) Fertilizer
d) Pesticides
Answer: a
Clarification: Agriculture field is having a wide range of classifications among them usage of GIS is having more priority. The usage of GIS can be seen in farm management, soil analysis and crop monitoring.

5. Which of the following software can be used in case of property tax assessment?
a) STAAD Pro
b) Revit
c) Remote sensing
d) GIS
Answer: d
Clarification: Though different kinds of software’s are available, GIS is having its priority in case of estimating the property tax. GIS can be used in case of economic development, Market analysis and transportation.

6. Which of the following software’s are used for developing vehicle route?
a) Autodesk Revit
b) STAAD Pro
c) GIS
d) Remote sensing
Answer: c
Clarification: GIS is used in the field of transportation for having a clear idea about transportation and the traffic flow in a particular area. This helps in diverting the vehicles in order to reduce the traffic.

7. Population forecast can be done by using GIS.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: GIS is not only used in terms of planning of a city but also in estimating the present population and upcoming population. This can be done by enabling all the features in GIS which can reduce the work of estimating population, which is conventionally done by applying formulae.

8. Which of the following is not a property of coordinate in GIS?
a) Line of sight
b) Origin
c) Axis
d) Units of measurement
Answer: a
Clarification: The coordinates which are used in GIS are having three properties those include origin, axis and units of measurement. Each of these will be applied in every aspect of the GIS software.

9. Which of the following represents the correct set of coordinate classification in GIS?
a) Spherical, projected systems
b) Geographic, projected systems
c) Geographic, spherical systems
d) Geographic, geometric systems
Answer: b
Clarification: In GIS, the coordinates are classified into geographic and projected systems. Geographic coordinates are used for spherical and non linear systems and projected coordinates are used for planar and linear systems.

10. Longitudes are used to represent which of the following directions?
a) North–East
b) South
c) North
d) East
Answer: d
Clarification: The directions east and west are represented by the longitudes, which cover the entire surface of the earth. Every longitude is divided based on the standard meridian and is placed equidistant from each other.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Railway Project Survey”.

1. Which of the following is not a stage of railway line survey procedure?
a) Marine survey
b) Reconnaissance survey
c) Selection of good alignment
d) Preliminary survey
Answer: a
Clarification: Railway line surveying involves various important steps like reconnaissance survey, selection of good alignment, preliminary survey, marking of tentative alignment and finally survey report.

2. Reconnaissance survey is done in case of railway line alignment.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Reconnaissance survey is a study of entire area which may be a land, road or an air field. The purpose of this is to eliminate the sides which are unfeasible, which is important in case of railway alignment.

3. Which of the following must be considered while laying an alignment?
a) Tectonic plate movements
b) Terrain
c) Line of sight
d) Population
Answer: d
Clarification: Laying of alignment for a railway line involves various considerations like population, bridges, and tunnels, gradient and contour of the area. It also involves a deep study of in and around the area of consideration.

4. Alignment considered must be _________
a) Wide
b) Long
c) Short
d) Broad
Answer: c
Clarification: The determination of alignment will play a major role in determining the railway line. The alignment considered should be as short as possible in order to avoid further complications and also we can extend any further if required.

5. While designing an alignment number of curves should be more.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: The alignment considered for a railway line must be as straight as possible and the number of curves must be minimized. This is so because the provision of curves leads to overturning of the train.

6. Which of the following is used while selecting an alignment for railway line?
a) compass
b) Traversing
c) Theodolite
d) Soil survey
Answer: d
Clarification: The selection of alignment for railway line requires information like water table level, Soil survey, Determination of magnetic bearings, Culverts and gradients. All of these are used and are required in each and every aspect of designing.

7. Which of the following comes under the preliminary survey of the railway line?
a) Establishment of R.L
b) Establishment of bench marks
c) Establishment of station points
d) Establishment of intervals
Answer: b
Clarification: The preliminary survey of the railway line consists of several steps like cross level interval, Magnetic bearing, Route survey map, Establishment of bench marks, bearing capacity of soil and water table level.

8. Which process must be adopted before selecting an alignment?
a) Compass survey
b) Traversing
c) Preliminary survey
d) Theodolite survey
Answer: c
Clarification: The selection of alignment requires certain preprocessing method like preliminary survey, which is done for obtaining the good alignment without any error.

9. The final survey report consist which of the following?
a) Angles
b) Bearings
c) Alignments
d) Revenue of the project
Answer: d
Clarification: Final survey report is done after the selection of final alignment. The report includes the introduction of the project, necessity of the project, justification of the alignment selected, revenue of the project etc.

10. Along with the final report which of the following are to be attached?
a) Culverts
b) Route survey map
c) Instrument details
d) Bearings
Answer: b
Clarification: Besides the final survey report some maps with suitable scale are to be attached. Those include route survey map, longitudinal section of the alignment, map of the station yards and the drawings of culverts buildings etc.

11. While doing final alignment survey, which of the following must be taken into consideration?
a) Level crossing
b) Angles
c) Gradient
d) Bearings
Answer: a
Clarification: The final alignment survey involves certain proceedings like fixing of station yards, level crossing, bridge provision places, tangents of the points of curvature and compensation of properties.

12. While handling railway line project, which factor must be given first priority?
a) Plan of the project
b) Nearby areas
c) Alignments
d) Economic factor
Answer: d
Clarification: During the construction of any project, economic factor must be given first priority since it can decide future of any project. The material selected while construction will determine the economy of the project. In case of railway line project, the length of alignment will determine the cost of construction.

13. Which of the following will be used in case of a reconnaissance survey?
a) STAAD Pro
b) Revit
c) Aerial photographs
d) GIS
Answer: c
Clarification: Reconnaissance survey involves studying of the area whether it may be road or air field the output of this survey will determine the feasibility of the land. The usage of existing maps and aerial photographs can act as an added advantage.

14. The alignment selected can be certified as good if __________
a) Less number of vertical curves are present
b) More number of vertical curves are present
c) Less number of gradient curves are present
d) More number of horizontal curves are present
Answer: a
Clarification: The certification of the good alignment can be done on the basis of certain factors like economic factor, earth excavation factor, presence of less number of vertical curves and the location of station yards.

Tricky Surveying Questions and Answers on “Introduction – Conventional Symbols”.

1. Identity the below symbol.

a) Well
b) Dam
c) Boundary pillar
d) Statue
Answer: a
Clarification: Generally, wells are circular in shape. Hence, ISO standard symbol for well in Topographic surveying is solid circle.

2. Identity the following symbol.

a) Well
b) Dam
c) Boundary pillar
d) Statue
Answer: c
Clarification: Generally, boundary pillars are square in shape. Hence, ISO standard symbol for boundary pillars in Topographic surveying is solid square.

3. Identity the following symbol.

a) Well
b) Earthwork dam
c) Boundary pillar
d) Statue
Answer: b
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for earthwork dam. This symbol is used to represent the earthwork dam in topographic map.

4. Identity the following symbol.

a) Well
b) Earthwork dam
c) Boundary pillar
d) Statue
Answer: d
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for statue. This symbol is used to represent the statue in topographic map.

5. Identity the following symbol.

a) Temple
b) Church
c) Police station
d) Statue
Answer: a
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for temple. This symbol is used to represent the temple in topographic map.

6. Identity the following symbol.

a) Temple
b) Church
c) Police station
d) Statue
Answer: c
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for police station. This symbol is used to represent the police station in topographic map.

7. Identity the following symbol.

a) Temple
b) Church
c) Police station
d) Statue
Answer: b
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for church. This symbol is used to represent the church in topographic map.

8. Identity the following symbol.

a) Railway track
b) Stone steps
c) Road
d) Ladder
Answer: b
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for stone steps. This symbol is used to represent the stone steps in topographic map.

9. Identity the below symbol.

a) Temple
b) Mosque
c) Church
d) Grave
Answer: d
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for grave. This symbol is used to represent the grave in topographic map.

10. Identity the below symbol.

a) Boundary pillar
b) Boundary pillars
c) Boundary marker
d) Mosque
Answer: c
Clarification: The above symbol is standard conventional sign for boundary marker. This symbol is used to represent the boundary marker in topographic map.

Surveying Quiz on “Theory of Direct Levelling(Spirit Levelling)”.

1. A level provides a vertical line of sight, a line tangential to a Level surface at the point where the instrument stands.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: A level provides a horizontal line of sight. A line tangential to a Level surface at the point where the instrument stands.

2. The theory of direct levelling neglects _____
a) curvature of the earth
b) refraction
c) both curvature of earth and refraction
d) radius of the earth
Answer: c
Clarification: Neglecting the curvature of earth and refraction, therefore, the theory of direct levelling is very simple. Radius of the earth doesn’t have any criteria.

3. Which of the following methods of spirit levelling is, levelling the object of which is solely to determine the difference in elevation of two points regardless of the horizontal position of the points with respect to each other?
a) Profile levelling
b) Cross levelling
c) Differential levelling
d) Reciprocal levelling
Answer: c
Clarification: Differential levelling is the method of direct levelling the object of which is solely to determine the difference in elevation of two points regardless of the horizontal position of the points with respect to each other. This type of levelling is also called fly levelling.

4. Fly levelling is another name of _____
a) Profile levelling
b) Cross levelling
c) Differential levelling
d) Reciprocal levelling
Answer: c
Clarification: Differential levelling is the method of direct levelling the object of which is solely to determine the difference in elevation of two points regardless of the horizontal position of the points with respect to each other. This type of levelling is also called fly levelling.

5. Which of the following methods of spirit levelling is, levelling the object of which is solely to determine the elevations of points at measured intervals along a given line?
a) Profile levelling
b) Cross levelling
c) Differential levelling
d) Reciprocal levelling
Answer: a
Clarification: Profile levelling is a direct levelling the object of which is solely to determine the elevations of points at measured intervals along a given line. It is done in order to obtain a profile of the surface along that line.

6. Cross sectioning is the process of taking levels on each side of a main line tangential to that line.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Cross sectioning is the process of taking levels on each side of the main line at right angles to that line. It is also called cross levelling.

7. Which of the following methods of spirit levelling is, levelling in which the difference in elevation between two points is accurately determined by two sets of reciprocal observations?
a) Profile levelling
b) Cross levelling
c) Differential levelling
d) Reciprocal levelling
Answer: d
Clarification: Reciprocal levelling is the method of levelling in which the difference in elevation between two points is accurately determined by two sets of reciprocal observations. It is done only when it is not possible to set up the level between the two lines.

8. Which of the following methods of spirit levelling is, levelling in which the degree of precision required is too great to be attained by ordinary methods?
a) Profile levelling
b) Precise levelling
c) Differential levelling
d) Reciprocal levelling
Answer: b
Clarification: Precise levelling is the levelling in which the degree of precision required is too great to be attained by ordinary methods. Therefore, special equipment or special precaution or both are necessary to eliminate all sources of errors as far as possible.

9. What is the height of instrument, if elevation of benchmark is 200.852 m, back sight is 2.324 m, fore sight is 1.836 m?
a) 213.176
b) 203.176
c) 211.340
d) 201.340
Answer: b
Clarification: Height of instrument is obtained by adding the elevation of benchmark and back sight. Here, 201.852 + 2.324 = 203.176 m.

10. What is the elevation of a point, if the elevation of a benchmark is 200.852 m, back sight is 2.324 m, foresight is 1.836 m?
a) 213.176
b) 203.176
c) 211.340
d) 201.340
Answer: d
Clarification: Elevation of a point is obtained by subtracting the elevation of benchmark and foresight. Here, 201.852 – 1.836 = 201.340 m.

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