Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Theodolite Traversing – Trigonometrical Levelling”.

1. While taking Observations for the height and distances, which method of surveying is used?
a) Chain surveying
b) Compass surveying
c) Plane surveying
d) Geodic surveying

Answer: c
Clarification: Geodic surveying is used because it is assumed that the distances between the points observed are not large so that either the effect of curvature and refraction may be neglected or proper corrections may be applied linearly.

2. From the figure, the value of D can be given as_____________

a) D = (b tan α₁) / (tan α₁ – tan α₂)
b) D = (b tan α₂) / (tan α₂ – tan α₁)
c) D = (b tan α₁) / (tan α₂ – tan α₁)
d) D = (b tan α₂) / (tan α₁ – tan α₂)

Answer: b
Clarification: From the figure, h = D tan α₁ and h = (b +D) tan α₂
By equating we get,
D tan α₁ = (b + D) tan α₂
D = (b tan α₂) / (tan α₂ – tan α₁).

3. The correction for curvature and refraction is applied when the points are having small distance between them.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: If the points are at small distance apart then there is no need to apply the correction for the curvature and refraction else you can apply the correction i.e.,
C= 0.06728D*D
Where, D is the horizontal distance between the given two points in Kilometres.

4. Which of the following indicates the value of D, when base of object is accessible?
a) D = s / tan α
b) D = tan α / s
c) D = tan α / h
d) D = h / tan α

Answer: d
Clarification: When base of the object is accessible then,
h = D tan α and D = h / tan α.

5. From the figure, determine the value of s

a) S = D tanα₁ – b tanα₂ – D tanα₂
b) S = D tanα₂ – b tanα₂ – D tanα₂
c) S = D tanα₁ – b tanα₁ – D tanα₂
d) S = D tanα₁ – b tanα₂ – D tanα₁

Answer: a
Clarification: From the figure, h1 = D tanα₁ and h2 = (b+D) tanα₂
Subtracting, we get h1 – h2 = D tanα₁ – b tanα₂ – D tanα₂
h1 – h2 = s, so we get s = D tanα₁ – b tanα₂ – D tanα₂.

6. Which of the following is not a case in trigonometric levelling?
a) Base of object is accessible
b) Base of object is inaccessible
c) Base of object is at accurate position
d) Base of object is inaccessible, station is not in vertical plane

Answer: c
Clarification: In order to get the difference in elevation between the instrument station and the object under observation, we consider some cases which include:
Case 1: Base of the object accessible.
Case 2: Base of the object inaccessible – Instrument stations in the same vertical plane as the elevated object.
Case 3: Base of the object inaccessible – Instrument stations not in the same vertical plane as the elevated object.

7. Among the following, which represents the method of observation?
a) Indirect method
b) Reciprocal method
c) Recurring method
d) Transit method

Answer: b
Clarification: The method of observation includes direct method, used when instrument isn’t possible to set over station and reciprocal method, where two instrument stations are used.

8. In which of the following cases, two instrument stations are used?
a) Base of the object is at infinity
b) Base of the object is at accurate position
c) Base of the object is accessible
d) Base of the object is inaccessible

Answer: d
Clarification: In case of inaccessible base of the object, for calculation of elevation of the required point, two instrument stations are used. By using two instruments, it would be helpful for calculating the value of R.L.

9. From the figure, determine R.L of Q from A?

a) R.L = R.L of A + h + H2
b) R.L = R.L of A + s + H1
c) R.L = R.L of A + s + H2
d) R.L = R.L of B + H1 + h

Answer: b
Clarification: The R.L of Q can be calculate by calculating the values of H1 and H2 from which it is given as
R.L = R.L of A + s + H1
Where, s = H2- H1.

10. In Geodic surveying, correction for curvature and refraction are neglected.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: In geodic surveying, the shape of earth is considered which implies that the correction of curvature and refraction are applied for mitigating errors.

11. Calculate the R.L of B, if D = 24.96 m, angle for line of sight is +4⁰24ꞌ, height of the axis will be 1.29 m and the R.L of A is 400 m.
a) 403.21 m
b) 430.21 m
c) 403.12 m
d) 401.32 m

Answer: a
Clarification: The value of R.L can be given as, R.L of B = R.L of A + H.I + h. The value of h can be calculated from h = D*tan α = 24.96 * tan (4⁰24ꞌ) = 1.921 m.
Now, R.L = 400 + 1.29 + 1.921 = 403.21 m.

12. From the figure, find the horizontal distance between the station and staff and consider distance between stations will be 2 m.

a) 1.6 m
b) 1.4 m
c) 1.2 m
d) 1.8 m

Answer: d
Clarification: While using two instrument stations, when the base is horizontal the value of horizontal distance D is given as, D = (b * tanα₂) / (tanα₁ – tanα₂). On substitution, we get, D = (2*tan (2⁰52ꞌ)) / (tan (6⁰2ꞌ) – tan (2⁰52ꞌ)) = 1.8 m.

13. By using the data provided from the figure, find the value of h₁. Where α1 = 9⁰24ꞌ, α2 = 4⁰44ꞌ, b = 1.2 m, s = 1.295 m.

a) 2.66 m
b) 2.86 m
c) 2.79 m
d) 2.97 m

Answer: c
Clarification: When the instrument stations are at different instrument levels, there would be two heights, off which, h₁ can be calculated by
h₁ = (s + b*tanα₂)*tanα₁ / (tanα₁ – tanα₂). By substituting the required values we get, h₁ = (1.295 + 1.2 * tan4⁰44ꞌ) / (tan9⁰24ꞌ – tan4⁰44ꞌ) = 2.79 m.

14. If the value of D = 2000m, what would be correction for curvature?
a) 0.629 sq. m
b) 0.269 sq. m
c) 0.962 sq. m
d) 0.692 sq. m

Answer: b
Clarification: The correction for curvature can be applied as, C_r = 0.06728*D². On substituting, we get, C_r = 0.06728*2² = 0.269 sq. m.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Adjustments of Dumpy Level”.

1. Which principle is used in the process of permanent adjustment of dumpy level?
a) Repetition
b) Reiteration
c) Recurring
d) Reversion
Answer: d
Clarification: The principle of reversion is very much used in all adjustments. By reversing the instrument, the error becomes apparent.

2. Which of the following does not indicate a principle line?
a) Line of sight
b) Vertical axis
c) Horizontal axis
d) Axis of level tube
Answer: c
Clarification: The principle lines in a dumpy level include line of sight at intersection of cross-hairs, axis of level tube, vertical axis. These are to be adjusted in order to avoid the error.

3. Which of the following does not represent the condition of adjustment?
a) Adjustment of vertical axis
b) Adjustment of level tube
c) Adjustment of cross hair ring
d) Adjustment of line of sight
Answer: a
Clarification: The conditions of adjustment include Adjustments of level tube, cross-hair ring, line of sight which must be done so that there won’t be any problem while using the instrument.

4. The principle of single reversion is involved in which of the following processes?
a) Adjustment of vertical axis
b) Adjustment of level tube
c) Adjustment of cross hair ring
d) Adjustment of line of sight
Answer: b
Clarification: Adjustment of level tube is the case of single reversion in which the apparent error is double the true error.

5. Which of the following processes is adopted when speed of the work is concerned?
a) Adjustment of vertical axis
b) Adjustment of cross hair ring
c) Adjustment of level tube
d) Adjustment of line of sight
Answer: c
Clarification: For ordinary work, adjustment of level tube is not essential but it is made for the sake of convenience in using the level. This adjustment is desirable for speedy work and convenience.

6. Which adjustment doesn’t need any levelling?
a) Vertical axis
b) Horizontal axis
c) Line of sight
d) Cross-hair
Answer: d
Clarification: The objective of cross-hair adjustment is to ensure that the horizontal cross-hair lie in a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis. It is not necessary to level the instrument when the test is carried out.

7. The adjustment of line of collimation is having most priority in permanent adjustments.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Once the desired relation is accomplished, the line of sight will be horizontal when the bubble is in the centre. This adjustment is very necessary, and is having prime importance since the whole function of the level is to provide horizontal line of sight.

8. Dumpy level is used for_________
a) Finding point to point distance
b) Finding the elevation difference
c) Finding the traverse area
d) Finding the perimeter of area
Answer: b
Clarification: Dumpy level is one of the levelling instruments, which is used for finding the elevation difference between the points so that slope and area of the particular traverse can be determined.

9. Permanent adjustments are done at every time the instrument is setup.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Permanent adjustments are done at the time of manufacturing the instruments whereas temporary adjustments are done at every instrumental setup.

10. Determine the inclination of line of sight if H = 2.654 m and Hꞌ = 1.876 m and the distance between the points can be given as 150 m.
a) 0⁰19ꞌ
b) 0⁰20ꞌ
c) 0⁰17ꞌ
d) 0⁰7ꞌ
Answer: c
Clarification: The declination of line of sight can be given as
Tan α = (H-Hꞌ) / AB. On substitution, we get
α = tan^-1(2.654-1.876 / 150)
α = 0⁰17ꞌ.

11. Find the amount of inclination provided in case of two stations A and B having staff readings 0.984m, 0.765m which are placed at a distance of 100m.
a) 1.23 m
b) 0.98 m
c) 0.44 m
d) 0.22 m
Answer: d
Clarification: The amount of inclination provided can be determined by the difference between the points i.e., 0.984 – 0.765 = 0.22m in 100m.

12. Which among the following indicates the objective of adjusting level tube?
a) Making horizontal axis truly horizontal
b) Levelling the tube
c) Making vertical axis truly vertical
d) Making line of collimation perpendicular to vertical axis
Answer: c
Clarification: The objective of the adjusting the level tube is to make the vertical axis truly vertical so as to ensure that once the instrument is levelled up, the bubble will remain central in all directions of sighting.

13. The readings of staff at points A and B are given as 1.672 m, 2.484 m and 1.928 m, 3.124 m. Find the true elevation difference between the station points.
a) 0.384 m
b) 0.834 m
c) 0.438 m
d) 0.843 m
Answer: a
Clarification: The difference in elevation between the readings at A can be given as 2.484 – 1.672 = 0.812 m and at B as 3.124 – 1.928 = 1.196 m.
The true difference in elevation can be given as 1.196 – 0.812 = 0.384 m.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Compound Curve Elements”.

1. Length of tangent formula is same for all types of curves.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Though there might be a change in the curve but length of the tangent value remains the same i.e., t = R tan (δ/2). Where R is the radius and δ is the deflection angle measured.

2. In a compound curve, both curves are of equal radius.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: A compound curve consists of two curves which will meet at P.C.C, known as Point of Compound Curve, in which it consists of one shorter radius curve another one of longer radius.

3. Compound curve can be designated by____________
a) Angle subtended by a chord of any curvature
b) Angle subtended by a chord of known radius
c) Angle subtended by a chord of known length
d) Angle subtended by a chord of any length
Answer: c
Clarification: For designing a Compound curve, we must know the required property like length from where it has to be started and where it has to end. It should also be known that the angle by which the chord subtends that is taken by the length determined.

4. The angle at point of intersection of tangents indicate____________
a) Radius of the arc
b) Angle of the arc
c) Curvature angle
d) Deflection angle
Answer: d
Clarification: The point where the two tangents will meet is described as the point of intersection, where the deflection angle between the two tangents can be known and later on used for further calculation like setting out curve.

5. Which of the following curves helps in avoiding overturning of vehicles?
a) Simple curve
b) Transition curve
c) Compound curve
d) Reverse curve
Answer: b
Clarification: Though compound curve serves as a best source in highways, it doesn’t provide the elevation needed to avoid overturning. Simple curve, reverse curve are not used in case of highways so those can be avoided. Transition curve provides the required amount of super elevation by using the formula provided and helps in decreasing overturning problem.

6. The tangent distance of a long curve is given as____________
a) (T = t_l – (t_s + t_l) frac{sin⁡(Δ1)}{sin⁡Δ})
b) (T = t_l + (t_s – t_l) frac{sin⁡(Δ1)}{sin⁡Δ})
c) (T = t_l + (t_s + t_l) frac{sin⁡(Δ1)}{sin⁡Δ})
d) (T = t_l + (t_s + t_l) frac{sin⁡(Δ1)}{sin⁡Δ})
Answer: c
Clarification: The tangent distance for a long curve can be given as (T = t_l + (t_s + t_l) frac{sin⁡(Δ1)}{sin⁡Δ}) in which t_l = long tangent length, t_s = short tangent length. These can be determined by their respective formulae and will be substituted in T for getting tangent distance.

7. What would be the short curve length of tangent if the radius of curvature is given as 43.21m and deflection of about76˚54ꞌ?
a) 34.13m
b) 43.13m
c) 43.31m
d) 34.31m
Answer: d
Clarification: The tangent length can be found out by using the formula,
t = R*tan (θ/2). On substitution, we get
t = 43.21*tan (76˚54ꞌ/2)
t = 34.31 m.

8. Find the value of the long curve tangent distance, if the tangent length of short and long curves were given as 23.21m and 65.87m. The total deflection is 67˚54ꞌ and the deflection angle at short curve is given as 28˚43ꞌ.
a) 112.06m
b) 121.06m
c) 211.06m
d) 121.68m
Answer: a
Clarification: The long curve tangent distance can be determined by,
T = t_l + (t_s+t_l)* sin θ₁/ sin θ. On substitution, we get
T = 65.87 + (23.21+65.87)* sin 28˚43ꞌ / sin 67˚54ꞌ
T = 112.06 m.

9. Determine the value of chainage of point of the compound curve, if the chainage at T1 is given as 226.43m and the curve length as 23.64m.
a) 205.07
b) 250.07
c) 207.7
d) 202.79
Answer: b
Clarification: Chainage at point of compound curve can be given as
Chainage at P.C.C = chainage of T1 + curve length. On substitution, we get
Chainage at P.C.C = 226.43 + 23.64
Chainage at P.C.C = 250.07 m.

10. If the radius of curvature is given as 76.98m and the deflection angle as 45˚21ꞌ, find the short curve length of a compound curve.
a) 60.93m
b) 6.93m
c) 9.63m
d) 3.69m
Answer: a
Clarification: The compound curve length can be determined by using the formula,
t = R*θ*π/180. On substitution, we get
t = 76.98*45˚21ꞌ*π/180
t = 60.93 m.

11. Find the value of long curve tangent length, if the radius is given as 76.43m and the deflection angle as 54˚32ꞌ.
a) 39.24m
b) 93.42m
c) 39.42m
d) 93.24m
Answer: c
Clarification: The formula for the determination of the long curve tangent length is given as,
t = R*tan (θ/2). On substitution, we get
t = 76.43*tan (54˚32ꞌ/2)
t = 39.42m.