Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Methods of Plane Tabling”.

1. Which of the following methods can be useful in having an enlarged output?
a) Intersection
b) Resection
c) Traversing
d) Radiation
Answer: d
Clarification: An enlarged output is required in case of improving accuracy in the traverse area. It can be obtained only in case of radiation, as it is used in the case of small distances and the production of large output is quite simple and easy.

2. Which of the following methods is a widely used method of plane tabling?
a) Radiation
b) Intersection
c) Traversing
d) Resection
Answer: c
Clarification: Among the following, traversing is adopted in the usual manner. It involves a very simple procedure and also gives more accurate values when compared to other processes.

3. Which of the following can give the best output?
a) Traversing
b) Intersection
c) Resection
d) Radiation
Answer: a
Clarification: Though resection involves in more accuracy, it is more time consuming. By considering the time factor usually traversing is adopted and is given at most priority. It is also capable of giving accurate results.

4. Which of the following methods is more suitable in case of small distances?
a) Traversing
b) Radiation
c) Resection
d) Intersection
Answer: b
Clarification: Radiation process involves in recreating the station to station distance in an enlarged manner. It requires a lot of time which makes it suitable only in case of small distances.

5. Which of the following methods is having a wider scope with the use of tacheometer?
a) Resection
b) Trisection
c) Intersection
d) Radiation
Answer: d
Clarification: Alidade can be used to locate the points and determining the traverse. If the point to point distance can be obtained by tacheometer, radiation method can have wider scope in case of locating details regarding the points.

6. Which of the following is used to locate only details?
a) Radiation
b) Trisection
c) Resection
d) Traversing
Answer: a
Clarification: Radiation and intersection are having a common point that they both are able to locate the details other than station points. With the information provided by these, instrument station points can be located.

7. Which of the following describes the usage of the traversing method?
a) Locating points
b) Survey line placement
c) Measuring angles
d) Measuring bearings
Answer: b
Clarification: Traversing is a very commonly used method that is involved only in the survey line placement between the instrument stations in an open or closed traverse.

8. The figure indicates which of the following methods?

a) Traversing
b) Intersection
c) Radiation
d) Trisection
Answer: c
Clarification: The above mentioned figure indicates the process of radiation in which the station point is extended till it meets the point on the sheet provided while conducting the process.

9. Which is of the following is used for locating details of the station points?
a) Radiation
b) Intersection
c) Trisection
d) Traversing
Answer: d
Clarification: The location of plane table stations can be carried out by traversing and resection methods, which involve in determining only the station points. This key step because instrument has to be set at a definite point to continue further.

10. Which among the following set share the same working principle?
a) Traversing and Radiation
b) Traversing and trisection
c) Traversing and Resection
d) Traversing and intersection
Answer: a
Clarification: Traversing and Radiation share the same working principle. The only difference is that in the case of radiation the observations are taken to those points which are to be detailed, while in case of traversing the observations are made to those points which will subsequently be used as instrument stations.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Area Computation – Simpson’s Rule”.

1. Find the area of the traverse using Simpson’s rule if d= 12 m and the values of ordinates are 2.25m, 1.46m, 3.23m, 4.46m.
a) 116.88 sq. m
b) 161.88 sq. m
c) 611.88 sq. m
d) 169.54 sq. m
Answer: b
Clarification: The formula for Simpson’s rule can be given as Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O₄) + 4*(O₁+O₃) + 2*(O₂+O₄)). On substitution, we get
Δ = (12/3)* ((2.25+4.46) + 4*(2.25+3.23) + 2*(1.46+4.46))
Δ = 161.88 sq. m.

2. Simpson’s rule assumes that boundary between the ordinates are parabolic arcs.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In Simpson’s rule, it is assumed that the short lengths of the boundaries can form parabolic arcs. Simpson’s rule can be useful when boundary line departs from a straight line rather than a curve.

3. The results obtained are greater than which among the following?
a) Prismoidal rule
b) Trapezoidal rule
c) Rectangular rule
d) Square rule
Answer: b
Clarification: Due to the presence of curvature at the boundary whether it may be concave or convex towards the base line, the results are depended. It makes them greater than that obtained from the trapezoidal rule.

4. The value obtained from Simpson’s rule depends on the nature of the curve.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The results obtained by Simpson’s rule are more accurate when compared to all cases. The results obtained by using Simpson’s rule are greater or smaller than those obtained by using the trapezoidal rule according as the curve of the boundary is concave or convex towards the base line.

5. Find the area of segment if the values of co-ordinates are given as 119.65m, 45.76m and 32.87m. They are placed at a distance of 2 m each.
a) 20.43 sq. m
b) 2.34 sq. m
c) 20.34 sq. m
d) 87.34 sq. m
Answer: c
Clarification: The area of the segment can be found out by using,
A = (2/3)*(O1-(O0+O2/2)). On substitution, we get
A = (2/3)*(45.76-(119.65+32.87/2))
A = -20.34 Sq. m (negative sign has no significance)
A = 20.34 sq. m.

6. In which of the following cases, Simpson’s rule is adopted?
a) When straights are perpendicular
b) When straights are parallel
c) When straights form curves
d) When straights form parabolic arcs
Answer: b
Clarification: Even though Simpson’s rule assumes that short lengths of boundary between the ordinates are parabolic arcs, this method is more accurate for the case when straights act as a parallel to each other.

7. The total number of ordinates present must be___________
a) Real numbers
b) Complex
c) Even
d) Odd
Answer: d
Clarification: The presence of ordinates help in determining the area by substituting them in the formula provided. Odd number presence makes them calculate in an easy manner without involving tedious procedure.

8. Which of the following shapes is generally preferred in case of application of Simpson’s rule?
a) Square
b) Triangle
c) Trapezoid
d) Rectangle
Answer: c
Clarification: The application of Simpson’s rule generally involves usage of trapezoids which can involve as many sides as possible. To have any accuracy in the output it is recommended to consider a trapezoid.

9. Which of the following can the Simpson’s rule possess?
a) Negatives
b) Accuracy
c) Positives
d) Zero error
Answer: b
Clarification: Accuracy is the main plus point in case of Simpson’s rule. Due to the involvement of odd number of sides and also the procedure, the accuracy levels in this process are good enough for producing good result.

10. Which of the following indicates the formula for Simpson’s rule?
a) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 4*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….))
b) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 2*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….))
c) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 4*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….))
d) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 2*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 4*(O₂+O₄+……….))
Answer: a
Clarification: The formula for Simpson’s rule can be given as the sum of the two end ordinates plus four times the sum of even intermediate ordinates plus twice the sum of odd intermediate ordinates, the whole multiplied by one-third the common interval between them. This can be mathematically expressed as,
Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 4*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….)).

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Reverse Curve Elements”.

1. Reverse curve is a combination of two simple curves.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: A reverse curve is a combination of two simple curves in the opposite direction, which are not recommended to be provided in highways as it can lead to overturning of vehicles.

2. Which of the following provides the best case for setting the reverse curve?
a) When straights are perpendicular
b) When straights form arc
c) When straights are parallel
d) When straights form curves
Answer: c
Clarification: A reverse curve can be placed in case the straights are parallel. It is so because the remaining classification of curves is meant to serve in case of highways rather than mountainous regions.

3. Which of the following curves is not used in case highways?
a) Simple curve
b) Compound curve
c) Transition curve
d) Reverse curve
Answer: d
Clarification: Simple, compound, transition curves can be used in case of highway as they are having good amount of curvature provided by the radius. But in the case of reverse curve, it provides immediate turning, which should not be present in highway as it may lead to accidents. So it is avoided.

4. Which of the following cases is generally adopted in the reverse curve?
a) T1 = T2
b) R1 = R2
c) t1 = t2
d) Chainages are equal
Answer: b
Clarification: In reverse curve, there two cases to be considered parallel straights, non-parallel straights. In these cases, sometimes, the radius of both curves is assumed to be the same and also deflections are assumed as equal.

5. Which of the following case is assumed in a reverse curve?
a) Δ = Δ₁ * Δ₂
b) Δ = Δ₂ – Δ₁
c) Δ = Δ₁ – Δ₂
d) Δ = Δ₁ + Δ₂
Answer: c
Clarification: In case of determining the deflection angle, Δ, a relation must be assumed which is given as Δ = Δ₁ – Δ₂ in which Δ₁ and Δ₂ are the deflection angles for the two curves which will meet at point of reverse curve (P.R.C).

6. Chainage at the point of reverse curve can be given as__________
a) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.C + length of first arc
b) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.I + length of first arc
c) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.C + length of second arc
d) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.C – length of first arc
Answer: a
Clarification: The chainage at the point of curvature can be given as the summation of chainage at point of curvature and the length of the first arc. The value of chainage of P.C is known and length of the arc is determined by formula provided.

7. A Reverse curve can be set by which of the following methods?
a) Method of bisection of arcs
b) Method of deflection angles
c) Method of deflection distances
d) Method of tangential angles
Answer: d
Clarification: The method of tangential angles involves two processes i.e., radial offset, perpendicular offset in which, perpendicular offset method is having the accuracy in the results obtained.

8. Which of the following indicates the correct set of the cases employed in reverse curves?
a) Perpendicular, non-parallel
b) Parallel, perpendicular
c) Non-parallel, parallel
d) Perpendicular, curved
Answer: c
Clarification: For designing a reverse curve in case of mountainous regions and also in case of railways which are having more degree of curvature, parallel and non-parallel straights are adopted with certain assumptions like R1 = R2, Δ1 = Δ2.

9. In case of parallel straights, the length of the curve is given as__________
a) L = (2(R1+R2)V)^1/2
b) L = 2L(R1+R2) / V
c) L = 2V(R1-R2) / R
d) L = 2V(R1*R2) / R
Answer: a
Clarification: The case of parallel straights is applied in railway track purpose, where the curvature to join two parallel straights can be more. Here V represents perpendicular distance between the points and L represents parallel distance.

10. The formula of length of tangent is given as___________
a) t = L tan(δ/2)
b) t = r – tan(δ/2)
c) t = r + tan(δ/2)
d) t = r * tan(δ/2)
Answer: d
Clarification: Though there might be a change in curve setting but the length of tangent remains the same in all the curve cases i.e., t = r tan (δ/2) where, δ = deflection angle measured.

11. Calculate the short tangent length, if the radius of curvature is given as 56.21m and the deflection angle as 32˚54ꞌ.
a) 61.6m
b) 116.6m
c) 16.6m
d) 6.6m
Answer: c
Clarification: The value of short tangent length can be calculated by,
t = R*tan θ/2. On substitution, we get
t = 56.21*tan (32˚54ꞌ/2)
t = 16.6m.

12. Determine the common tangent of a reverse curve if the radius of curvature and deflection angles is given as, 43.57m, 32˚43ꞌ and 65˚76ꞌ.
a) 217.087m
b) 127.087m
c) 127.807m
d) 127.708m
Answer: b
Clarification: The common tangent can be determined by, d = R*tan θ₁ + R*tan θ₂. On substitution, we get
d = 43.57(tan32˚43ꞌ + tan65˚76ꞌ)
d = 127.087m.

13. Find the value of tangent distance, possessing radius of curvature as 24.89m, common tangent 65m length and having deflection angles as 24˚56ꞌ and 76˚32ꞌ.
a) 64.5m
b) 46.5m
c) 64.98m
d) 62.5m
Answer: a
Clarification: The tangent distance can be determined by using the formula,
T = R*tan (θ₁/2) + d * (frac{sin θ_1}{sin θ}). On substitution, we get
T = 24.89*tan (24˚56ꞌ/2) + 65 * (frac{sin 76˚32ꞌ}{sin (24˚56ꞌ + 76˚32ꞌ)})
T = 64.5m.

14. Calculate the chainage of P.R.C, if the chainage of Tangent is 567.54m and the curve length is about 65m.
a) 623.54m
b) 632.45m
c) 362.54m
d) 632.54m
Answer: d
Clarification: The value of chainage of P.R.C can be obtained by using the formula,
Chainage of P.R.C = chainage of tangent + length of arc
Chainage of P.R.C = 567.54 + 65
Chainage of P.R.C = 632.54m.

15. If the radii of the curves in a reverse curve are equal, calculate the distance between the tangent points T1 and T2. Assume R = 98.54m with deflection angle 54˚31ꞌ.
a) 108.52m
b) 180.52m
c) 180.25m
d) 108.25m
Answer: b
Clarification: From the question, it is clear that R1=R2=R. So, the distance between the tangent points T1 and T2 can be given as
L = 4*R*sin (θ/2). On substitution, we get
L = 4*98.54*sin (54˚31ꞌ/2)
L = 180.52m.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Field Astronomy – Conversion of Time”.

1. Correction for parallax is given as ___________
a) Horizontal parallax * sin of apparent altitude
b) Horizontal parallax * cot of apparent altitude
c) Horizontal parallax * tan of apparent altitude
d) Horizontal parallax * cos of apparent altitude
Answer: d
Clarification: Parallax is a common error which makes a huge effect in obtained output. Correction for parallax is generally applied in all cases which includes the product of horizontal parallax and cos of apparent altitude. It is always an additive value, applied around the horizon.

2. Express the 24˚12ꞌ42ꞌꞌ in hours, minutes and seconds.
a) 4^h 36^m 50.8^s
b) 16^h 36^m 50.8^s
c) 1^h 36^m 50.8^s
d) 1^h 6^m 20.8^s
Answer: c
Clarification: For expressing in hours, minutes and seconds, we have to divide each one with 15. So,
24˚= 24˚/15 = 1^h 36^m; 12ꞌ = 12ꞌ / 15 = 0^h 0^m 48^s; 42ꞌꞌ = 42ꞌꞌ/15 = 0^h 0^m 2.8^s. On addition, we get
1^h 36^m 50.8^s.

3. Determine the local time if the standard time is 19^h 42^m 7^s and the difference in longitude can be given as 3^h 9^m towards west.
a) 16^h 33^m 7^s
b) 61^h 33^m 7^s
c) 16^h 34^m 5^s
d) 6^h 33^m 7^s
Answer: a
Clarification: The local time can be determined by using the formula,
Local time = standard time ± difference in longitude. Here, longitude is towards west so we have to use negative direction.
On substitution, we get
Local time = 19^h 42^m 7^s – 3^h 9^m
Local time = 16^h 33^m 7^s.

4. Find G.M.T of a place if the L.M.T is given as 9^h 24^m 17^s and the longitude 10^h 23^m 32^s towards east.
a) 19^h 47^m 4^s
b) 19^h 47^m 49^s
c) 9^h 47^m 49^s
d) 19^h 4^m 49^s
Answer: b
Clarification: The G.M.T calculation can be done by using the formula,
G.M.T = L.M.T + longitude. On substitution, we get
G.M.T = 9^h 24^m 17^s + 10^h 23^m 32^s
G.M.T = 19^h 47^m 49^s.

5. Which of the following indicate the standard time meridian of India?
a) 82˚3ꞌ
b) 28˚30ꞌ
c) 8˚30ꞌ
d) 82˚30ꞌ
Answer: d
Clarification: The standard time meridian of India can be given as 82˚30ꞌ. The time meridians are taken from Greenwich as a reference. These are adopted for having a different time lines which can have clarity on their respective zones.

6. The mean time associated with the standard meridian can be given as _________
a) Meridian time
b) Average time
c) Standard time
d) Absolute time
Answer: b
Clarification: Standard time involves mean time association with standard meridian. This difference between standard time and local time at a place is due to longitudinal difference with the standard meridian.

7. The formula of mean solar time can be given as ____________
a) Hour angle + 12^h
b) Seconds angle + 12^h
c) Minutes angle + 12^h
d) Hour angle + 24^h
Answer: a
Clarification: Mean solar time can be expressed as the summation of hour angle of the mean sun with 12 hours. This can create the mean solar time which can be used for further scientific calculations.

8. Express the hours (19^h 42^m 16^s) in angles.
a) 259˚34ꞌ
b) 295˚43ꞌ
c) 295˚34ꞌ
d) 25˚34ꞌ
Answer: c
Clarification: For expressing in angles we must multiply each value with 15.
So, 19^h = 19*15˚ = 285˚; 42^m = 42^m*15ꞌ = 10˚30ꞌ; 16^s = 16^s*15ꞌꞌ = 0˚4ꞌ. On addition, we get
295˚34ꞌ.

9. Which of the following indicates formula for green witch mean time?
a) G.M.T = L.M.T * longitude of the place
b) G.M.T = L.M.T ± longitude of the place
c) G.M.T = L.M.T + longitude of the place
d) G.M.T = L.M.T / longitude of the place
Answer: b
Clarification: The formula for green witch mean time can be given as
G.M.T = L.M.T ± longitude of the place. The sign plus or minus depends upon the direction of the longitude, towards east plus and towards west minus.

10. Calculate mean solar time if the hour angle of the sun is 34^h 21^m 15^s.
a) 46^h 21^m 15^s
b) 64^h 21^m 15^s
c) 46^h 12^m 15^s
d) 46^h 21^m 51^s
Answer: a
Clarification: The mean solar time can be given as
Mean solar time = hour angle of the sun + 12^h. On substitution, we get
Mean solar time = 34^h 21^m 15^s + 12^h
Mean solar time = 46^h 21^m 15^s.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Remote Sensing – Electromagnetic Energy”.

1. Which of the following has the maximum value in an electric or magnetic field?
a) Wave length
b) Focal length
c) Frequency
d) Amplitude
Answer: d
Clarification: In an electromagnetic field, the electric and magnetic fields are present in the form of waves in horizontal and vertical patterns. In order to be present in that pattern, it is necessary to have maximum amplitude.

2. Velocity of light can be given as ___________
a) 1*10⁸m/s
b) 3.9*10⁸m/s
c) 3*10⁸m/s
d) 3*10¹⁸m/s
Answer: c
Clarification: The velocity of light is generally determined by using the electro-magnetic wave principle and the plank’s law. These will help in derivation of the speed of light in vacuum, which is approximately 3*⁸m/s.

3. In EM waves, electric field is not used.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: The EM wave field uses both electric and magnetic fields, which will form a complex wave structure. Electric field is placed in vertical manner and magnetic field in horizontal manner.

4. Determine the wave length if the frequency is given as 67Hz.
a) 1.044*10⁸m
b) 0.044*10⁸m
c) 0.44*10⁸m
d) 0.044*10¹⁰m
Answer: b
Clarification: We know that, λ = c /f. Where, c is the velocity of light = 3*10⁸m/s and f is the frequency. On substitution, we get
λ = 3*10⁸/ 67
λ = 0.044*10⁸m.

5. Find the value of energy if the wave length is given as 43m.
a) 0.46*10^-26 J
b) 0.46*10^-26 J
c) 0.46*10^-26 J
d) 0.46*10^-26 J
Answer: d
Clarification: The value of energy can be given as by using plank’s relation.
Q = h*c / λ. Here, h = 6.625*10^-34J.s. On substitution, we get
Q = 6.625*10^-34 * 3*10⁸ / 43
Q = 0.46*10^-26 J.

6. If the intensity of wave length decreases, the energy released will ___________
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Remain same
d) Zero
Answer: a
Clarification: The relation between wave and energy released is inversely proportional i.e., if wave length increase, energy produced by the body decrease. This can is given by the plank’s theory.

7. What will be the wave length if the energy produced is 36J?
a) 0.5*10^-26m
b) 0.55*10^-26m
c) 0.55*10^-16m
d) 0.55*10^-6m
Answer: b
Clarification: The value of wave length can be determined by using the energy produced by using the relation,
Q = h*c / λ. On substitution, we get
36 = 6.625*10^-34 * 3*10⁸ / λ
λ = 0.55*10^-26m.

8. In an EM field, which filed is placed horizontal?
a) Gamma rays
b) Sonar field
c) Electric field
d) Magnetic field
Answer: d
Clarification: The EM field consists of electric and magnetic fields. Each of them plays a major role in their perspective areas. The placement of the electric and magnetic fields depends up on the intensity of wave length. Electric fields are placed in vertical manner and magnetic field in a horizontal manner.

9. The wave length sensed in remote sensing are __________
a) Nano meters and giga meters range
b) Nano meters and deci meters range
c) Nano meters and micro meters range
d) Nano meters and meters range
Answer: c
Clarification: In case of remote sensing, the wave lengths are expressed in nano meters and micro meters range. These are capable of recording information in a minute range.

10. In the following figure, X represents___________

a) Length
b) Time period
c) Frequency
d) Wave length
Answer: d
Clarification: X represents Wave length, it the calculated distance between a crest and a trough. Crest is the upper portion of the wave and trough is the lower portion of the wave.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GPS Accuracy”.

1. Which among the following is more accurate in its output?
a) Absolute positioning
b) Resection method
c) Modern GPS surveying
d) Conventional GPS method
Answer: d
Clarification: Though there might be an improvement in modern GPS surveying, it lags behind the conventional GPS method in terms of accuracy. Conventional GPS methods serve as an ideal method for obtaining accurate output by having less impact of the orbital error.

2. Absolute positioning is not useful in precise GPS.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Absolute positioning is not much recommended in case of precise GPS because of the fact that it lacks accuracy in its output. It can find its application in case of military areas and in the commercial GPS system.

3. Precise positioning service is having an accuracy range of ____________
a) 1-5 m
b) 5-9 m
c) 10-12 m
d) 15-20 m
Answer: c
Clarification: Precise Positioning Service is equipped with a receiver which is able to track P-code. Its accuracy range is about 10-12 m which receives single frequency, with more precision in output.

4. Which of the following indicates the correct set of classification for absolute positioning?
a) Carrier wave, pseudo range
b) Pseudo range, SPS
c) SPS, carrier wave
d) Absolute positioning, SPS
Answer: a
Clarification: Absolute positioning involves a huge procedure which is sub divided into categories. Those include usage of the carrier wave and usage of pseudo range. Based on the type of work carried out, these are employed.

5. Which of the following process is adopted in case of navigation system?
a) SPS
b) Carrier wave
c) Relative positioning
d) Pseudo ranging
Answer: d
Clarification: Pseudo ranging can be adopted in case of navigation because it contains reference systems, which must be defined and maintained without direct access to the origin. Carrier wave fails in this case.

6. Which process can obtain more accuracy in position?
a) Carrier wave method
b) Absolute positioning
c) Relative positioning
d) Resection method
Answer: c
Clarification: Relative positioning is capable of delivering the accuracy in its output as it takes observations with respect to one another. This process is beneficial for differentiating horizontal geodetic network.

7. Which of the following will affect the accuracy of the GPS positioning?
a) Receiver station
b) Strength of signal
c) Position of satellite
d) Atomic clock
Answer: a
Clarification: The GPS accuracy depends upon the receiver station and the atmospheric conditions. In case of dull atmosphere, the information transmitted cannot reach the receiver end at a full length.

8. Which among the following can act as a cause wrong GPS tracking?
a) Refraction of signal
b) Strength of signal
c) Atomic clock
d) Reflection of satellite signals
Answer: d
Clarification: It is known that sometimes GPS shows wrong placement of the location tracked. This is due to blockage of the satellite signal by buildings, reflection of satellite signals, jamming of the signals.

9. The accuracy speed of the GPS depends on ______________
a) Reflection of signal
b) Signal blockage
c) Refraction of signal
d) Position of satellite
Answer: b
Clarification: They factors which can affect the accuracy speed of the signal include satellite geometry, signal blockage, atmospheric conditions and receiver design quality. All of these can create a huge impact on the speed of accuracy of the signal.

10. The clock used in GPS will synchronize to __________
a) Greenwich
b) ITC
c) UTC
d) IS
Answer: c
Clarification: GPS uses an atomic clock which can help in recording the time of signal receiving and transferring. This needs to be in sync with the Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC) which is maintained by the U.S. This helps the time recording process at the ground station too.