300+ REAL TIME Surveying Objective Questions & Answers 2023

250+ TOP MCQs on GPS – Position Determination Principle and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GPS – Position Determination Principle”.

1. Which of the following is having same principle as that of determining the position in GPS?
a) Compass
b) Traversing
c) Trisection
d) Resection
Answer: d
Clarification: The principle of position determination involves the same principle as that of resection in surveying. It indicates location of a set point by the help of the reference point and then transferring to another point and locating the remaining points. Later, on joining it can end up obtaining the result.

2. Among the following, which indicates the correct set of methods followed for fixing position?
a) Pseudo ranging, absolute positioning
b) Carrier wave, pseudo ranging
c) Absolute positioning, relative positioning
d) Carrier wave, absolute positioning
Answer: b
Clarification: The methods for fixing the position of an object can be given as using pseudo ranging and usage of carrier wave. Both are having their own importance. Pseudo ranging uses time parameter as its main constituent.

3. Which is the main parameter used in pseudo ranging?
a) Time
b) Distance
c) Velocity
d) Frequency
Answer: a
Clarification: The position of an object in GPS using pseudo ranging can be done by the calculation time of travel of the signal. It also uses PRN code for decoding the signal related information.

4. GPS user solution depends on which of the following?
a) Absolute positioning
b) Satellite vehicle
c) Space vehicle
d) Relative positioning
Answer: c
Clarification: GPS user solution may depend either on space vehicle adopted or the time scale information provided. The navigational data provided by the operational control segments involve in determining user solution determination.

5. Satellite generates which type of signals?
a) Visible rays
b) X-rays
c) Cosmic waves
d) Radio waves
Answer: d
Clarification: In general, the waves generated must possess more wave length so as to satisfy certain parameters. Among the classification of the electromagnetic spectrum, radio waves possess the longest wavelength, which is capable of serving in the process of GPS.

6. Which of the following indicates the principle of GPS?
a) Resection
b) Trilateration
c) Trisection
d) Traversing
Answer: b
Clarification: Trilateration is the principle involved in the case of GPS. This can be used to track or locate any movable object location. It involves mathematical operations, which is regularly used in case of surveying.

7. Which among the following is used to locate an object?
a) GPS
b) GIS
c) RS
d) IRS
Answer: a
Clarification: GPS, also known as Global Positioning System, is used in an unusual manner for obtaining the location of the object. The position can be determined by measuring the distance from the satellite.

8. Which of the following can indicate the correct set of GPS segments?
a) Navigation, space
b) User, navigation
c) Control, user
d) Control, navigation
Answer: c
Clarification: GPS contains three main segments which can be given as user segment, control segment, space segment. The user segment receives the signals from satellites, control segment controls the position of satellite and space segment utilizes navigation system.

9. Which of the following segments can use GPS receiver?
a) Navigation segment
b) Space segment
c) Control segment
d) User segment
Answer: d
Clarification: The usage of GPS receiver is done by the user segment, which receives signals from the GPS satellites and can be used to determine how far away it is from the satellite.

10. Which of the following indicate the functioning of the Space segment?
a) Navigational signals
b) Space signals
c) User signals
d) Control signals
Answer: a
Clarification: The functioning of the space segment is to use the navigational signals and retransmit the navigational message sent by the control segment. These can be controlled by atomic clocks placed on the satellites.

250+ TOP MCQs on Project Survey – Tunnelling and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Project Survey – Tunnelling”.

1. Tunneling is required in case of ____________
a) Laying pavement
b) Laying road
c) On ground passage
d) Underground passage
Answer: d
Clarification: Tunnel can be defined as artificial underground passage, which is created for different purposes. It is required in case of highways, railways, sewerage and water supply.

2. The line at which the tunnel wall breaks from sloping outward can be given as _________
a) Spring line
b) Oval line
c) Centre line
d) Middle line
Answer: a
Clarification: Spring line is determined as the line at which the wall breaks from sloping outward to sloping inward toward the crown. This acts as a barrier between the outward and inward regions.

3. Which of the following should be considered while aligning a tunnel?
a) Atmospheric conditions
b) Hydrological conditions
c) Climatic conditions
d) Surface limits
Answer: b
Clarification: The determination of the alignment for tunnel can be done based on geological and hydrological conditions, cross-section and length of the continuous tunnel, time of consideration and limit of the surface.

4. Among the following, which doesn’t belong to tunnel classification?
a) Firm ground
b) Running ground
c) Rocky ground
d) Soft ground
Answer: c
Clarification: Tunneling has been classified based on the type of strata present. It includes firm ground, soft ground and running ground. These will determine the bearing capacity of the soil.

5. Which method can be adopted if full face excavation is not possible?
a) Back bearing method
b) Plotting
c) Trenching
d) Benching
Answer: d
Clarification: In case of no possibility of full face excavation, top heading method is adopted for having a better output. Benching process is also adopted for digging small tunnels.

6. Among the following, which can be adopted for providing support for soft strata?
a) Bents of aluminum
b) Bents of iridium
c) Bents of steel
d) Bents of plastic
Answer: c
Clarification: The provision of soft strata must be done for withstanding the excavation. It can be provided by bents of wood, bents of steel, liner plates and poling, which are placed to retain material between the adjacent bents.

7. A steel cylinder which is pushed in the soft soil is determined as ________
a) Jar born
b) Shield
c) Rod
d) Pole
Answer: b
Clarification: In the case of soft grounds, tunneling can be dangerous and cave-ins are common. To prevent this, an iron or steel cylindrical element called shield is placed in the soft soil, which can crave the hole perfectly.

8. Which method can be adopted in case of rock tunneling?
a) Full face method
b) Benching
c) Tracing
d) Back bearing method
Answer: a
Clarification: Rock tunneling involves the same principle as of the tunneling in the ground. Those include full face method, top heading method and drift method. Based on the conditions of the area, these can be adopted.

9. Which of the following can act as an alternative for blasting?
a) Tunneling
b) Continuous blasting
c) Sequential blasting
d) Fire-setting
Answer: d
Clarification: Blasting is the conventional method which is adopted in case of rock tunneling. In the case of fire-setting, tunnel is heated with fire and then cooled with water. Rapid expansion and contraction weakens and rock and tends to break.

10. Which of the following involves in the sequence of rocky strata?
a) Marking profile
b) Placing rocks
c) Improving foul gases
d) Recording values
Answer: a
Clarification: Rocky strata involve usage of blasting method for developing tunnels. The sequence contains marking profile, loading explosive, removing foul gases, checking, scaling, mucking and bolting.

250+ TOP MCQs on Chain Folding, Unfolding, Adjustment, Degree of Accuracy – 1 and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Chain Folding, Unfolding, Adjustment, Degree of Accuracy – 1”.

1. Process of fixing or establishing intermediate points is known as _______
a) Chaining
b) Ranging
c) Contouring
d) Levelling
Answer: b
Clarification: If the length of the survey line exceeds the length of the chain, some intermediate points will have to establish in line with two terminal points before chaining is started. The process of fixing or establishing such intermediate points is known as Ranging.

2. Direct ranging is done when the two ends of the survey lines are _______
a) Invisible
b) Intervisible
c) Visible from a particular point
d) Faraway from each other
Answer: b
Clarification: Direct ranging is the type of ranging in which the two points for ranging are chosen in such a way that they are intervisible. If two points chosen are not intervisible then indirect ranging is done.

3. If rapid sweep with right hand signaled by surveyor then action by the assistant is _______
a) Move slowly to the right
b) Move considerably to the right
c) Continue to move to the right
d) Plumb the rod to the right
Answer: b
Clarification: Rapid sweep by the surveyor implies move considerably. Right hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move right side.

4. If right hand extended by surveyor then action by the assistant should be ______
a) Move slowly to the right
b) Move considerably to the right
c) Continue to move to the right
d) Plumb the rod to the right
Answer: c
Clarification: Extended hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant should continue to move. Right hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move right side.

5. Right arm up and moved to the right by the surveyor then the action of assistant should be ________
a) Move slowly to the right
b) Move considerably to the right
c) Continue to move to the right
d) Plumb the rod to the right
Answer: d
Clarification: Arm up and moved by the surveyor implies that the assistant has to plumb the rod. Right hand of the surveyor implies that assistant has to move right side.

6. If both hands above head and then brought down by the surveyor then the action of an assistant is _________
a) Move slowly forward
b) Move considerably backward
c) Correct
d) Wrong
Answer: b
Clarification: It is the signal referred by the surveyor to correct the assistant position. If both hands above head and then brought down by the surveyor then assistant should move considerably backward.

7. The more experienced of the chainmen should be ________
a) Rear end
b) Intermediate end
c) Final end
d) Leader
Answer: a
Clarification: Other chainmen holding the forward handle is known as the leader. More experienced chainmen mainly refer to the surveyor. He should always preferred to be at a rear end.

8. The chainmen keeps both the handles in the right hand and throws the rest of the portion of the chain in the forward direction with his right hand to _________
a) Mark the chain
b) Line the chain
c) Unfold the chain
d) Fold the chain
Answer: c
Clarification: To Unfold the chain, the chainmen keeps both the handles in the right hand and throws the rest of the portion of the chain in the forward direction with his right hand. The other assists in removing the knots etc and in making the chain straight.

9. If rapid sweep with left hand by surveyor then action by assistant is ________
a) Move slowly to the left
b) Move considerably to the left
c) Continue to move to the left
d) Plumb the rod to the left
Answer: b
Clarification: Rapid sweep by the surveyor implies that assistant should move considerably. Left hand of the surveyor implies that assistant has to move left side.

10. If left hand is extended by surveyor then action by the assistant should be _________
a) Move slowly to the left
b) Move considerably to the left
c) Continue to move to the left
d) Plumb the rod to the left
Answer: c
Clarification: Extended hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant should continue to move. Left hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move left side.

11. Left arm up and moved to the left by the surveyor then action of assistant should be __________
a) Move slowly to the left
b) Move considerably to the left
c) Continue to move to the left
d) Plumb the rod to the left
Answer: d
Clarification: Arm up and moved by the surveyor implies that the assistant has to plumb the rod. Left hand of the surveyor implies that the assistant has to move left side.

250+ TOP MCQs on Principle of Compass Traversing and Answers

Surveying Interview Questions and Answers for freshers on “Principle of Compass Traversing”.

1. In chain and compass trans versing, the magnetic bearings of the survey lines are measured by a __________
a) chain
b) compass
c) theodolite
d) dumpy level
Answer: a
Clarification: In chain and compass traversing, the magnetic bearings of the survey lines are measured by a compass and the lengths of the lines are measured either with a chain or with a tape.

2. How many methods of observing the bearings of lines by fast needle method?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: b
Clarification: There are three methods of observing the bearings of lines by fast needle method. They are a direct method with transiting, direct method without transiting and back bearing method.

3. Compass surveying is recommended when the area is _______
a) Large, even and crowded with many details
b) Small, undulating and not details are crowded
c) Large, undulating and crowded with many details
d) Small, even and crowded with many details
Answer: c
Clarification: Compass surveying is recommended when the area is large, undulating and crowded with many details. It is not recommended for areas where the local attraction is suspected due to the presence of a magnetic substance.

4. In which areas does compass surveying is not recommended?
a) Local attraction suspected areas
b) Large areas
c) Undulating areas
d) Crowded with many details
Answer: a
Clarification: Compass surveying is not recommended for areas where the local attraction is suspected due to the presence of a magnetic substance.

5. Which of the following presence is not affected for compass surveying?
a) Steel structures
b) Wooden structures
c) Iron ore deposits
d) Electric cables conveying currents
Answer: b
Clarification: Compass surveying is not recommended for areas where the local attraction is suspected due to the presence of magnetic substance like steel structures, iron ore de, electric cables conveying currents.

6. Which of the following term used to denote any influence which prevents the needle from pointing to the north in a given locality?
a) Magnetic bearing
b) Compass deflection
c) Local attraction
d) Magnetic declination
Answer: c
Clarification: Local attraction is the term used to denote any influence which prevents the needle from pointing to the north in a given locality.

7. Which of the following is not required in compass surveying?
a) Bearing angles
b) Lengths of lines
c) Triangles
d) Connecting lines
Answer: c
Clarification: The principle of compass surveying is traversing which involves a connection of series of lines. Magnetic bearings are measured by compass and lengths are measured by a chain.

8. In Compass traversing length of lines are measured by _______
a) Chain
b) Compass
c) Theodolite
d) Dumpy level
Answer: a
Clarification: In Compass traversing, the lengths of lines are measured by a chain and magnetic bearings are measured by compass.

9. In traversing by fast needle method, the magnetic bearings of the lines are measured with a reference so the direction of magnetic meridian established at the ______ station.
a) first
b) second
c) third
d) each station
Answer: a
Clarification: The magnetic bearings of traverse lines are measured by a theodolite fitted with a compass. The direction of the magnetic meridian is not established at each station but, the magnetic bearings of the lines are measured with a reference so the direction of magnetic meridian established at the first station.

10. Fast needle method is more accurate than the loose needle method.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In loose needle, method lengths are measured with the chains. In fast needle, method lengths are measured with the 20 or 30 m tapes.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Levelling – Stadia Method and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Levelling – Stadia Method”.

1. Stadia method is based on the principle that ratio of perpendicular to the base is constant.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In isosceles triangle ratio to the perpendicular to the base is constant. Thus, this method principle is used in stadia method.

2. In stadia method, diaphragm in tachometer is provided with there stadia hairs and stadia hair reading is taken by looking through a diaphragm.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In stadia method, diaphragm in tachometer is provided with there stadia hairs and stadia hair reading is taken by looking through a telescope.

4. Difference between upper and lower stadia reading gives __________
a) stadia slope
b) stadia coordinate
c) stadia intercept
d) stadia size
Answer: c
Clarification: Difference between upper and lower stadia reading gives stadia intercept. Stadia hair reading is taken by looking through a telescope.

5. In the below figure, f1/f2 = _______

a) i/s
b) s/i
c) D/d
d) d/D
Answer: b
Clarification: From figure, aOA and bOB passing through optical center. So, ∆ aOb and ∆ AOB are similar triangles, then f1/f2= s/i.

6. From the following figure, D is?

a) kS+c
b) S + kc
c) k(S+c)
d) k S – c
Answer: a
Clarification: Horizontal distance between the axis and staff is D = f1 + d = f*s/i + (f+d) = k.s+c, Where, D=k. s+c is distance equation, c is additive constant of instrument, k is multiplying constant or stadia interval factor.

7. In the following figure, D = k S + c, where k is additive constant.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Horizontal distance between the axis and staff is D = f1 + d = f*s/i + (f+d) = k.s + c, Where, D=k. s+c is distance equation, c is additive constant of instrument, k is multiplying constant or stadia interval factor.

8. In the following figure, D = k S + c, where c is additive constant.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Horizontal distance between the axis and staff is D = f1 + d = f*s/i + (f+d) = k.s + c, Where, D=k. s+c is distance equation, c is additive constant of instrument, k is multiplying constant or stadia interval factor.

9. In the following figure, D = ______

a) ks cosθ² + ccosθ
b) ks cos2θ + ccosθ
c) ks cos2θ + ccos2θ
d) ks cos2θ + ccos2θ
Answer: a
Clarification: Considering Angle of Elevation (positive), Here, A’C’ = Scosθ, T1B = L = KA’C’ + C
= kscosθ +c, D = Lcosθ = (kscosθ+C)cosθ, D = kscosθ² + ccosθ.

10. In the following figure, D = __________

a) D = 2S/(tanθ1 – tanθ2)
b) D = 3S/(tanθ1 – tanθ2)
c) D = S/2(tanθ1 – tanθ2)
d) D = S/(tanθ1 – tanθ2)
Answer: d
Clarification: Here, V+S = Dtanθ1, V = Dtanθ2, S = D(tanθ1 – tanθ2). Therefore, D = S/(tanθ1 – tanθ2).

250+ TOP MCQs on Theodolite – Traverse Area Calculation and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Theodolite – Traverse Area Calculation”.

1. Which of the following doesn’t involve the method of traversing?
a) Chain surveying
b) Theodolite surveying
c) Plane Table surveying
d) Tacheometric surveying
Answer: d
Clarification: Depending on the instruments used in determining the relative directions of the traverse lines. The principal methods adopted are Chain traversing, Compass traversing, Transit tape traversing, Plane-table traversing. Tacheometric surveying involves a lot of instrumental work rather than ground work.

2. Which among the following is a procedure for computation of traverse area?
a) Calculation and adjustment of latitudes and departures
b) Adjustment of instrument
c) Calculation of consecutive co-ordinates
d) Determination of R.L
Answer: a
Clarification: The procedure for traverse calculations involves Adjusting angles or directions, determining bearings or azimuths, calculation and adjustment of latitudes and departures, calculation of rectangular coordinates.

3. Adjustments applied to angles are independent of the size of the angle.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The adjustments applied to angles are independent of the size of the angle because they depend on the direction in which they are present.

4. Which of the following is the first step for determining the azimuth or bearing?
a) Determination of angles or bearings
b) To determine the true direction
c) The direction of at least one line within the traverse must be known or assumed
d) Determining the latitudes and departures
Answer: c
Clarification: The direction of at least one line within the traverse must be known or assumed because it would be easy for calculating the bearings by taking reference from that assumed direction.

5. For calculating the traverse area, which of the following is crucial?
a) L = 0, D = 0
b) ∑L² = 0, ∑D² = 0
c) ∑L ≠ 0, ∑D ≠ 0
d) ∑L = 0, ∑D = 0
Answer: d
Clarification: In order to nullify the closing error, the algebraic sum of latitudes and the algebraic sum of departures must be equal to zero, which is necessary for obtaining the total traverse area.

6. For adjusting the traverse, which of the following methods can be used?
a) Compass traversing
b) Chain traversing
c) Theodolite traversing
d) Bowditch’s method
Answer: d
Clarification: Adjusting is generally applied to the operation of applying corrections to latitudes and departures so that ∑L = 0, ∑D = 0. This applies only when the survey forms a closed polygon. The common methods of adjusting a traverse include Bowditch’s method, Transit method, Graphical method and Axis method.

7. Angle and distance is one of the methods for plotting a traverse survey.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The two principal methods of plotting a traverse survey are angle and distance method, Co-ordinate method. In this method, distances between stations are laid off to scale and angles are plotted by protractor, by tangent rule or by chords.

8. Which of the following is the accurate method for plotting traverse area?
a) Transit method
b) Angle and distance method
c) Co-ordinate method
d) Bowditch’s method
Answer: c
Clarification: In Co-ordinate method, survey stations are plotted by calculating their co-ordinates. It is the most practical and accurate one for plotting traverses or any other extensive system of horizontal control. The advantage in this method of plotting is that the closing error can be eliminated by balancing.

9. Which of the following methods will give the accurate result while traversing?
a) Loose needle method
b) Fast needle method
c) Chain traversing
d) Compass traversing
Answer: b
Clarification: In fast needle method, the magnetic bearings of traverse lines are measured by a theodolite. The magnetic bearings of the lines are measured with reference so the direction of magnetic meridian is established at the first station. This method is, therefore, more accurate than the loose needle method. Fast needle method includes direct method with transiting, direct method without transiting, back bearing method.

10. Among the following, which indicates the formula for balancing angles of closed traverse?
a) ∑ Interior angles = (n+2) * 180⁰
b) ∑ Interior angles = (n-2) / 180⁰
c) ∑ Exterior angles = (n-2) * 180⁰
d) ∑ Interior angles = (n-2) * 180⁰
Answer: d
Clarification: The formula for balancing the angles of closed traverse
∑ Interior angles = (n-2) * 180⁰
Where, n = number of interior angles.
By using this, the error in the interior angles can be checked and can be minimised.

11. Calculate the area of traverse for the figure, if lengths of AB, BC, CD, and DA are 12.98 m, 98.23 m, 19.77 m, 34.67 m and the angles α, β given as ____________

a) 1086.55sq. m
b) 698.41sq. m
c) 1068.91 sq. m
d) 689.14 sq. m
Answer: a
Clarification: The figure can be divided into two triangles, which forms, ABD and BCD.
Area of triangle ABD = (1 / 2) * (ad)* sin α = (1 / 2) * (12.98*34.67) * sin () = 194.07 sq. m
Area of triangle BCD = (1 / 2) * (bc) * sin β = (1 / 2) * (98.23*19.77) * sin () = 892.48 sq. m
The total are can be given as 194.07 + 892.48 = 1086.55 sq. m.

12. What will be the value of DMD for B if DMD for A is -22.87, departures for A & B will be -22.87, +89.24 respectively?
a) 22.8
b) 43.5
c) -43.5
d) -22.8
Answer: b
Clarification: DMD (Departure Median Distance) for the station B can be given as
DMD of A + Departure of A + Departure of B
= -22.87 – 22.87 + 89.24 = +43.5.

13. Calculate the value of double area if the value of latitude of A is 235.67 m and DMD is +89.26 m.
a) 20135 sq. m
b) 21305 sq. m
c) 21035 sq. m
d) 20035 sq. m
Answer: c
Clarification: The value of double area can be calculated as the product of latitude and DMD. It can be given as
Latitude * DMD = 235.67 * 89.26 = 21035 sq. m.