Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Errors in GIS”.

1. Which of the following doesn’t indicate a topology error?
a) Polygonal features
b) Gaps between polygons
c) Silver polygons
d) Unclosed polygons
Answer: c
Clarification: Topology errors generally include polygonal features, gaps between polygons, overlapping polygon borders and unclosed polygons. Some of these are negligible and some of them can be reduced by following certain precautions and by applying some parameters.

2. Which of the following acts as a source of inaccuracy?
a) Format of data
b) Silver polygon
c) Unclosed polygon
d) Dongle nodes
Answer: a
Clarification: Difference in scale, age of data, format of the data, qualitative and quantitative errors act as a source of inaccuracy. Inaccuracy develops due to lack of technique in the work which is being done.

3. Among the errors occurring in GIS, which can cause a drastic change or fail the entire process?
a) Format of data
b) Unclosed polygons
c) Dongle nodes
d) Silver polygons
Answer: d
Clarification: Development of silver polygons leads to the creation of similar polygonal features, which arises a lot of confusion to the user as well as the software. It can’t differentiate them and in turn merges them to make a single feature.

4. Which of the following is not a category of error?
a) Change in format
b) Areal cover
c) Map scale
d) Density of observation
Answer: a
Clarification: Sources of errors include aging of data, areal cover, map scale, density of observation, etc., these are temporary and can be adjusted by following certain parameters. These can be prevented if proper care is taken while the procedure is carried out.

5. Age of data can act as a source of error.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Aging of data acts as a major source of error. Past data may contain a lot of unknown standards which can’t be used in the present day. They might be irrelevant to the present situation and sometimes they won’t exist.

6. Which of the following can be represented as an example of format error?
a) Silver polygons
b) Dongle nodes
c) Changing from raster to vector
d) Areal cover
Answer: c
Clarification: After completion of interpretation using GIS software, the data must be stored in any type of software which can be easily accessible. If the stored data undergone any change in format, it may or may not be able to open. If it doesn’t open, then the entire data present in it can be erased.

7. Silver polygons occur due to excessive overlaying.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: GIS process involves overlaying procedure in which the data can be placed layer by layer without any confusion. While placing, there is a chance of developing silver polygons which means the development of polygons one on another. It leads to merging of data and ends up creating a single polygon rather than many.

8. The figure represents which type of error in GIS?

a) Pseudo node
b) Silver polygon
c) Dongle node
d) Poly line feature
Answer: b
Clarification: The figure represents the silver polygon, which is a condition where the overlapping polygon takes place in the GIS software. This can be removed by deleting unnecessary data.

9. The figure given below represents which topological error?

a) Pseudo nodes
b) Silver polygon
c) Dongle nodes
d) Polygonal feature
Answer: a
Clarification: The figure represents pseudo nodes, which is a condition where nodes of the poly lines aren’t connected. In order to connect them, vertex must be corrected for having a better result.

10. Dongle nodes can be removed by ___________
a) Undo
b) Eraser
c) Behind shoot
d) Over shoot
Answer: d
Clarification: Dongle node is a condition where the edge of the polygon is improperly connected to the second poly line. The removal of dongle nodes can be done by applying undershoot or over shoot operations.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Project Survey – Water Supply Scheme”.

1. Which of the following can be identified as the objective of water supply scheme?
a) Chlorination of water
b) Treat water
c) Safe water supply
d) Ionization of water
Answer: c
Clarification: In general, the objective of water supply scheme includes safe water supply, sufficient quantity of water, supply of water to a convenient point with reasonable cost and encouraging personal and house hold cleanliness of the users.

2. Which of the following indicates the component of a water supply scheme?
a) Impure water
b) Chlorination of water
c) Sub surface water
d) Intake of the water
Answer: d
Clarification: The protected water supply scheme consists of four components. Those include the source of water from where it is being produced, intake of the water, treatment of the water and finally the distribution of the treated water.

3. Surface water can act as a source of water in water supply scheme.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The source of water is classified as surface water and sub surface water. Generally in the water supply scheme surface water is having more priority than the sub surface water. The different sources of surface water include river, streams, lakes, canals etc.

4. While considering the design period, which must be given more priority?
a) Area of land
b) Population
c) Usage of water
d) Arrangement of pipes
Answer: b
Clarification: Design period is considered based on the population present in a particular area. While considering design period, population forecast methods has to be used for the determination of the upcoming population in that area. By doing this the design period can be estimated for a particular water tank construction.

5. The design period of storage reservoir can be given as _________
a) 50 yr
b) 20 yr
c) 30 yr
d) 10 yr
Answer: a
Clarification: Every water storage structure is having certain design periods based on the population present in that particular area. A storage reservoir is generally having a design period of 50 years.

6. Which of the following can be designated as an intake structure?
a) Culvert
b) River
c) Dam
d) Reservoir
Answer: d
Clarification: Intakes are the structures which can collect water from the surface sources and are used for the treatment plant. Reservoir intake, Lake Intake and canal intakes are some of the examples of an intake structure.

7. Which type of water is generally used in the treatment of water?
a) Chlorinated water
b) Treated water
c) Raw water
d) Sulphated water
Answer: c
Clarification: Water treatment plant generally uses raw water which is obtained from different sources containing various impurities. It is not recommended to be used directly without treatment and hence it is supplied to the treatment plant for treatment.

8. Which of the following does not act as a major factor that effects per capita demand?
a) Human activity
b) Industrial activities
c) Usage of water
d) Placement of pipe
Answer: b
Clarification: The factors effecting per capita demand include cost of water, climatic condition, pressure in the distributed system, industrial activities, commercial activities and economical status of the consumers.

9. The amount of water required for 1 percent per day is determined as ___________
a) Daily demand
b) Monthly demand
c) Annual demand
d) Per capita demand
Answer: d
Clarification: Per capita demand can be defined as the amount of water required for 1 percent per day. It includes commercial, industrial, domestic, public uses and also in case of fire demand.

10. Which of the following can act as a type of variation in water demand?
a) Monthly variation
b) Annual variation
c) Crop variation
d) 10 year variation
Answer: a
Clarification: Variation in water demand is generally due to seasonal variation, monthly variation, daily and hourly variations. The demand for water in these variations is generally high and consumes more amount of water than daily consumption.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Definition”.

1. Determining the relative positions of points on above or beneath the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurements of distance and direction and elevation is called as _________
a) Surveying
b) Levelling
c) Measuring
d) Contouring
Answer: a
Clarification: Surveying is defined as determining the relative positions of points above or beneath the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurements of distance and direction and elevation.

2. Finding the elevations of a point with respect to a given or assumed and establish points given elevation or at different elevations with respect to given or assumed dactum is ________
a) Surveying
b) Levelling
c) Bearing
d) Contouring
Answer: b
Clarification: Finding the elevations of a point with respect to a given or assumed and establish points given elevation or at different elevations with respect to given or assumed dactum is levelling.

3. Type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane and the spheroidal shape is neglected called as ________
a) Topographic Surveying
b) Hydrographic Surveying
c) Geodetic Surveying
d) Plane Surveying
Answer: d
Clarification: Type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane and the spheroidal shape is neglected is plane surveying.

4. Type of surveying in which the shape of the earth taken into account is __________
a) Topographic Surveying
b) Hydrographic Surveying
c) Geodetic Surveying
d) Plane Surveying
Answer: c
Clarification: Type of surveying in which the shape of the earth taken into account is geodetic surveying. The survey which deals with bodies of water for purpose of navigation, water supply, harbor works or for the determination of mean sea level is hydrographic surveying.

5. Horizontal projection of an area and shows only horizontal distances of the points is __________
a) Contour lines
b) Levelling
c) Surveying
d) Plan
Answer: d
Clarification: Horizontal projection of an area and shows only horizontal distances of the points is plan or map. Finding the elevations of a point with respect to a given or assumed and establish points given elevation or at different elevations with respect to given or assumed dactum is levelling.

6. What type of surveys needs to fix the boundaries of municipalities and of state and federal jurisdictions?
a) Topographic Surveying
b) Hydrographic Surveying
c) Cadastral Surveying
d) City Surveying
Answer: c
Clarification: The surveys need to fix the boundaries of municipalities and of state and federal jurisdictions are cadastral surveying. Survey which deals with bodies of water for purpose of navigation, water supply, harbor works or for the determination of mean sea level is hydrographic surveying.

7. Determining the absolute location of any point or the absolute location and direction of any line on the surface of the earth is called _______
a) Topographic Surveying
b) Astronomical Surveying
c) Cadastral Surveying
d) Hydrographic Surveying
Answer: b
Clarification: Determining the absolute location of any point or the absolute location and direction of any line on the surface of the earth is astronomical surveying.

8. Determining different strata in the earth’s crust is called as_______
a) Mine Survey
b) Geological Survey
c) Geodetic Survey
d) Archaeological Survey
Answer: b
Clarification: Determining different strata in the earth’s crust is the Geological Survey. Type of surveying in which the shape of the earth taken into account is geodetic surveying.

9. Determining unearthing relics of antiquity is called as_______
a) Mine Survey
b) Geological Survey
c) Geodetic Survey
d) Archaeological Survey
Answer: d
Clarification: Determining the unearthing relics of antiquity is an archaeological survey. Determining different strata in the earth’s crust is the geological survey.

10. In which surveying, shape of earth is taken into consideration?
a) Plane surveying
b) Geodic surveying
c) Topographic surveying
d) Geological surveying
Answer: b
Clarification: In Geodic surveying, shape of the earth is considered for carrying out high precise work. In case of Plane surveying, spheroid shape is neglected and entire area is considered in the form of triangles. Topographic surveying consists of vertical and horizontal locations of points whereas Geological surveying determines earth’s strata.

11. Representing large scale on the surface of the earth is____________
a) Plan
b) Map
c) Scale
d) Area
Answer: a
Clarification: For any representation, if it consists large scale then it represents plan and for small scale it represents map.

12. Which of the following units measurement system is generally employed?
a) Centesimal system
b) Hours system
c) Minutes system
d) Sexagesimal system
Answer: d
Clarification: Since most surveying instruments are graduated according to this system, Sexagesimal system is widely used in India. Centesimal system is having a great approach in Europe for its adaptability in interpolation. Hours system is having its use in navigation.

13. The ratio of map distance to corresponding ground distance is called as__________
a) Representative factor
b) Representation factor
c) Reciprocating factor
d) Recurring factor
Answer: a
Clarification: This factor can be used for determining the ratio of map distance to ground distance which would be helpful for further calculations.

14. Which among the following scales is used to determine the original scale when the plan on the drawing sheet shrinks due to atmospheric conditions?
a) Vernier scale
b) Plane scale
c) Shrunk scale
d) Diagonal scale
Answer: c
Clarification: Shrunk scale is used to determine the original scale when any plan shrinks due to atmospheric conditions, which can be determined by a formula. By using the original scale further calculations can be done.

15. Which among the following methods is used for determining the precise position on the earth surface?
a) Geological surveying
b) Geodic surveying
c) Land surveying
d) Plane Surveying
Answer: b
Clarification: In Geodic surveying, spheroid surface of the earth is considered which might be possible for determining the precise position by avoiding any further assumptions.

16. Which among the following is one of the principles of surveying?
a) Taking measurements
b) Covering entire area
c) Determining the elevation differences
d) Working from whole to part
Answer: d
Clarification: By working from whole to part, it is possible to eliminate the errors and to localise the errors. Otherwise, it might expand in magnitude.

17. Design a vernier for a theodolite circle divided into degrees and one fourth degrees to read to 20ꞌꞌ.
a) 55
b) 45
c) 65
d) 35
Answer: b
Clarification: W.K.T, L.C = s/n
S = (1/4)˚= 15ꞌ and L.C=20ꞌꞌ=20/60 min.
So, 20/60 = 15/n
n = 45.

18. Horizontal angle measured clockwise from geographic meridian to the direction of progress of a line is known as _______
a) Horizontal meridian
b) Vertical meridian
c) Azimuth
d) Horizontal bearing
Answer: c
Clarification: Azimuth is the angle measured from geographic meridian which is quite different from bearing as it is measured w.r.t north direction.

19. The formula for shrunk scale can be given as___________
a) Original scale*shrinking factor
b) Shrunk scale*shrinking factor
c) Vernier scale* shrinking factor
d) Diagonal scale* shrinking factor
Answer: a
Clarification: The shrinkage factor obtained by the ratio of shrunk length to actual length multiplied by the original scale will give the shrunk scale formula.

Surveying Questions and Answers for Aptitude test on “Chain Surveying – Obstacles in Chaining”.

1. How many kinds of obstacles of chaining are there?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: b
Clarification: Obstacles of chaining are of three kinds. They are obstacles to ranging, obstacles to chaining, obstacles to both chaining and ranging.

2. Which of the following is not one among the three major kinds of obstacles of chaining?
a) obstacles to ranging
b) obstacles to chaining
c) obstacles to levelling
d) obstacles to ranging and chaining
Answer: c
Clarification: Obstacles to levelling is not a kind of obstacles to chaining. Obstacles of chaining are of three kinds. They are obstacles to ranging, obstacles to chaining, obstacles to both chaining and ranging.

3. Both ends of the lines may be visible from intermediate points on the line. This case comes under which among the three kinds of obstacles to chaining?
a) obstacles to ranging but not chaining
b) obstacles to chaining but not ranging
c) obstacles to levelling
d) obstacles to ranging and chaining
Answer: a
Clarification: Obstacles to ranging but not ranging is a type of obstacle, in which the ends are not Intervisible, is quite expected in a flat country. There may be two cases of this obstacle, both ends of the lines may be visible from intermediate points on the line and both ends of the line may not be visible from intermediate points on the line.

4. When it is possible to chain round the obstacle, i.e a pond, hedge etc. This case comes under which among the three kinds of obstacles to chaining?
a) obstacles to ranging but not chaining
b) obstacles to chaining but not ranging
c) obstacles to levelling
d) obstacles to ranging and chaining
Answer: b
Clarification: There may be two cases of this obstacle i.e obstacle to chaining but not ranging, when it is possible to chain round the obstacle, i.e a pond, hedge etc and when it is not possible to chain round the obstacle e.g. a river.

5. Both ends of the line may not be visible from intermediate points on the line. This case comes under which among the three kinds of obstacles to chaining?
a) obstacles to ranging but not chaining
b) obstacles to chaining but not ranging
c) obstacles to levelling
d) obstacles to ranging and chaining
Answer: a
Clarification: There may be two cases of this obstacle, both ends of the lines may be visible from intermediate points on the line and both ends of the line may not be visible from intermediate points on the line.

6. When it is not possible to chain round the obstacle e.g. a river. This case comes under which among the three kinds of obstacles to chaining?
a) obstacles to ranging but not chaining
b) obstacles to chaining but not ranging
c) obstacles to levelling
d) obstacles to ranging and chaining
Answer: b
Clarification: There may be two cases of this obstacle i.e obstacle to chaining but not ranging, when it is possible to chain round the obstacle, i.e a pond, hedge etc and when it is not possible to chain round the obstacle e.g. a river.

7. To continue a survey line AB past an obstacle, a line BC 100 m long was set out perpendicular to AB and from C angles BCD and BCE were set out at 60° and 45° respectively. Determine the lengths which must be chained off along CD in order that ED may be in AB produced?
a) 100 m
b) 200 m
c) 300 m
d) 400 m
Answer: b
Clarification: Here angle ABC is 90°. From, ∆ BCD, CD = BC sec 60° = 100 × 2 = 200m.

8. To continue a survey line AB past an obstacle, a line BC 100 m long was set out perpendicular to AB and from C angles BCD and BCE were set out at 60° and 45° respectively. Determine the lengths which must be chained off along CE in order that ED may be in AB produced?
a) 141.42 m
b) 282.84 m
c) 140.14 m
d) 267.7 m
Answer: a
Clarification: Angle ABC is 90°. From ∆BCE, and CE = BC sec 45° = 100 × 1.4142 = 141.42 m.

9. To continue a survey line AB past an obstacle, a line BC 300 m long was set out perpendicular to AB and from C angles BCD and BCE were set out at 60° and 45° respectively. Determine the obstructed length BE?
a) 250 m
b) 600 m
c) 452.28 m
d) 300 m
Answer: d
Clarification: Here angle ABC is 90°. BE = BC tan 45° = 300 × 1 = 300 m.

10. If we select two points A and B on either side of the obstacle and equal perpendiculars AC and BD are set out. Then AB is equal to?
a) AC
b) CD
c) DA
d) BD
Answer: b
Clarification: Since AC and BD are two perpendiculars set either side of the obstacle of equal length. Therefore CD is parallel and equal to AB. Therefore, AB = CD.

To practice all areas of Surveying for Aptitude test,