300+ REAL TIME Surveying Objective Questions & Answers 2023

250+ TOP MCQs on GPS Surveying Techniques and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GPS Surveying Techniques”.

1. Which of the following can be affected by atmospheric path disturbances?
a) Modern GPS surveying
b) Conventional GPS
c) Absolute positioning
d) Resection method
Answer: a
Clarification: Modern GPS surveying can be affected by atmospheric conditions. It can produce more accuracy in its output when compared to pseudo ranging method. This method costs more and is effective for engineering applications.

2. Which among the following can be described as an application of pseudo ranging?
a) Computation of distance between satellite and user
b) Computation of distance between GPS antenna and satellite
c) Computation of distance between GPS antenna and user
d) Computation of distance between satellite and object
Answer: b
Clarification: Application of pseudo ranging involves in computing distance between GPS antenna and satellite by correlation between transmitted code and reference code. It needs synchronization between transmitter and receiver clock signal.

3. By using pseudo ranging method, two dimensional and three dimensional GPS positions can be located.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In the process of pseudo ranging, at least four observations are taken. By using these, the solution of 2D and 3D GPS positions can be determined. But in general, only three are required for 2D GPS positions.

4. Which of the following error occurs due to atmospheric conditions?
a) Natural error
b) User error
c) Propagation error
d) Signal multipath error
Answer: d
Clarification: Signal multipath is an error in GPS tracking, which is generated by atmospheric interference errors. It can be expressed in terms of the reflected signal from geographic based buildings, high rocks.

5. Which of the following is not used in the tracking system?
a) Multiple frequency
b) Dual frequency
c) Single frequency
d) Military navigation
Answer: a
Clarification: The GPS surveying includes tracking system, off which the civilian navigation, military navigation, single frequency and the dual frequency are used. These possess carrier waves which can be used for further processing of the function.

6. Which of the following doesn’t belong to the relative positioning techniques?
a) Real-time kinematic technique
b) Viscous GPS technique
c) Kinematic GPS surveying technique
d) Differential GPS technique
Answer: b
Clarification: The relative positioning technique involves static and kinematic GPS surveying technique, differential GPS technique, and real-time kinematic technique. These are to be identified before conducting the GPS surveying method.

7. Which of the following classes of positioning technique possess high precision?
a) GPS
b) Viscous technique
c) Real time technique
d) Kinematic technique
Answer: d
Clarification: The real time kinematic technique is having a high precision, which use carrier phase measurements in the instantaneous positioning mode. It is considered as the most powerful GPS positioning technology.

8. Which among the following indicates the correct set of static GPS surveying technology classification?
a) Long and normal base lines
b) Medium and short baselines
c) Long and short baselines
d) Normal and short base lines
Answer: c
Clarification: The classification of the static GPS surveying involves long baseline GPS technique and Short baseline GPS technique. Both are determined based on the length of the base line taken into consideration.

9. What will be the length of the base line in case of short baseline method of GPS surveying?
a) Less than 50km
b) Greater than 50km
c) Less than 2km
d) Greater than 100km
Answer: a
Clarification: In the case of short baseline of GPS surveying, baselines would be typically less than 50km. they can support the control network applications with data processing packages.

10. Which of the following is considered as modern GPS technology?
a) GIS
b) GPS mode
c) Instantaneous mode
d) Kinematic positioning technique
Answer: d
Clarification: Among the different GPS surveying techniques available, the kinematic positioning technique is considered as the modern GPS surveying technology. It requires the usage of all the specialized hardware and software as well as new filed procedures.

250+ TOP MCQs on Introduction – Errors and Mistakes in Chaining and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Introduction – Errors and Mistakes in Chaining”.

1. The length of a line measured with a 20 m chain was found to be 250 m. Calculate the true length of the line if the chain was 10 cm too long.
a) 252.25 m
b) 251.25 m
c) 225.25 m
d) 221.25 m
Answer: b
Clarification: Incorrect length of the chain is 20 + 10/100, ie 20.1 m. Measured length is 250, hence true length of the line is 250 × (20.1/20)=251.25 m.

2. The length of a survey line was measured with a 20 m chain and was found to be equal to 1200 m. If the length again measured with 25 m chain it is 1212 m. On comparing the 20 m chain with the test gauge, it was found to be 1 decimeter too long. Find the actual length of 25 m chain used.
a) 22.25 m
b) 21.64 m
c) 24.25 m
d) 24. 88 m
Answer: d
Clarification: Incorrect length of 20 m line is 20+0.10 = 20.10 m. True length of line = 1200×(20.10/20) = 1206 m. Actual or True length of 25 m chain = (1206×25)/1212 = 24.88 m.

3. A surveyor measured the distance between two points on the plan drawn to a scale of 1 cm is equal 40 m and the result was 468 m. But, actual scale is 1 cm = 20 m. Find the true distance between the two points.
a) 992 m
b) 936 m
c) 987 m
d) 967 m
Answer: b
Clarification: Distance between two points measured with a scale of 1 cm to 20 m is 468/20 = 23.4 cm. Actual scale of a plan is 1 cm = 40 m. True distance between the points is 23.4 × 40 = 936 m.

4. If L is true length of chain and L’ is incorrect length of the chain the correction to area A is _________
(Where ∆L/L = e, e is small and A’ is measured area)
a) 1+2e A’
b) (1+2e)/A’
c) (1+2e) x A’
d) (1+ e)xA’
Answer: c
Clarification: By using A=A'(L’/L)² and L’/L=(L+∆L)/L=1+e where e = ∆L/L.

5. If L is true length of chain and L’ is incorrect length of the chain the correction to Volume V is _______
(Where ∆L/L = e, e is small and V’ is measured area)
a) 1+3e)+ V’
b) (1+3e)/V’
c) (1+3e)xV’
d) (1+ e) ×V’
Answer: c
Clarification: By using V = V'(L’/L)³, e = ∆L/L and L’/L = (L+∆L)/L = 1+e. Then V = V’ (1+e)³ here e is small so V = (1+3e)xV’.

6. The difference between a measurement and the true value of the quantity measured is _____
a) True error
b) Discrepancy
c) Limit of error
d) Accuracy
Answer: a
Clarification: The difference between a measurement and the true value of the quantity measured is the true error of the measurement. The important function of a surveyor is to secure measurements that are correct within a certain limit of error prescribed by the nature and purpose of a particular survey.

7. The difference between the two measured values of the same quantity is ______
a) Precision
b) Accuracy
c) Discrepancy
d) Error
Answer: c
Clarification: A discrepancy is a difference between two measured values of the same quantity. A discrepancy may be small, yet the error may be great if each of the two measurements contains an error that may be large.

8. Which of the following are not sources of errors?
a) Instrumental
b) Personal
c) Natural
d) Artificial
Answer: d
Clarification: Error may arise from three sources namely instrumental, personal and natural.

9. A tape may be too long or an angle measuring instrument may be out of adjustment. Then such type of error comes under which source of error?
a) Instrumental
b) Personal
c) Natural
d) Artificial
Answer: a
Clarification: Error may arise due to imperfection or faulty adjustment of the instrument with which measurement is being taken comes under an instrumental source of error.

10. Investigation of observations of various types shows that accidental errors follow a definite law. This law is called ______
a) Law of probability
b) Law of recurrence
c) Law of precise
d) Law of accuracy
Answer: a
Clarification: This law defines the occurrence of errors and can be expressed in the form of the equation which is used to compute the probable value or the probable precision of a quantity. This is also termed as a theory of probability.

250+ TOP MCQs on Traversing by Direct Observation of Angles and Answers

Surveying Questions and Answers for Experienced people on “Traversing by Direct Observation of Angles”.

1. In which of the following transverse method angles are measured by theodolite?
a) By fast needle
b) By direct observation of angles
c) By locating details with transit and tape
d) By free needle
Answer: b
Clarification: In transversing by direct observation of angles, angles between the lines are directly measured by a theodolite. The method is therefore accurate in comparison to the previous three methods.

2. In transversing by direct observation of angles, magnetic bearing of any one line can also be measured if required.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The magnetic bearings of any one line can be measured and magnetic bearing of other lines can be calculated. The angles measured at different stations may be either included angle and deflection angle.

3. Transversing by included angles comes under which of the following?
a) Transversing by fast needle
b) Transversing by free needle
c) Transversing by direct observation of angles
d) Transversing by chain and compass
Answer: c
Clarification: Transversing by included angles and transversing by deflection angles comes under transversing by direct observation of angles.

4. __________ at a station is either of the two angles by the two survey lines meeting there.
a) Included angle
b) Deflection angle
c) Transverse angle
d) Deviated angle
Answer: a
Clarification: An included angle at a station is either of the two angles formed by the two survey lines meeting there. The method consists simply in measuring each angle directly from a backsight on the preceding station.

5. Included angles can be measured _________
a) Clockwise
b) Counter clockwise
c) Clockwise and counterclockwise
d) Clockwise or counterclockwise
Answer: d
Clarification: Included angles can be measured either clockwise or counterclockwise. But it is better to measure all angles clockwise.

6. All angles are preferred to measure clockwise because of the graduations of theodolite circle increase in this direction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is better to measure included angles clockwise. It is because of the graduations of theodolite circle increase in this direction.

7. A deflection angle is an angle in which a survey line makes with prolongation of back sight.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: A deflection angle is an angle in which a survey line makes with the prolongation of the preceding line.

8. Transversing by deflection angles is more suitable for surveys of roads railways, pipe lines etc.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Transversing by deflection angles is more suitable for surveys of roads railways, pipe lines etc, where the survey lines make small deflection angles.

9. Deflection angle may vary from __________ to __________
a) 0° to 90°
b) 90° to 180°
c) 0° to 180°
d) 0° to 270°
Answer: a
Clarification: A deflection angle is an angle in which a survey line makes with the prolongation of the preceding line. It may vary from 0° to 180°.

10. In following figure deflection angle at Q is teta L.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The deflection angle at Q is alpha R and that at R is teta L.

To practice all areas of Surveying for Experienced people,

250+ TOP MCQs on Contouring – Characteristics of Contours and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Contouring – Characteristics of Contours”.

1. Two contour lines of different elevations unite to form one line only in the case of ___________
a) Hills
b) Vertical cliff
c) Horizontal cliff
d) Overhanging Cliff
Answer: b
Clarification: Two contour lines of different elevations cannot cross each other. However, contour lines of different elevations can unite to form one line in case of vertical Cliff.

2. Two contour lines of different elevations cannot cross each other.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Two contour lines of different elevations cannot cross each other. If they did, the point of intersection would have two different elevations which are absurd.

3. In which of the following cases contour lines of different elevations can intersect?
1) Caves, 2) Vertical cliffs, 3) Hills, 4) Overhanging Cliff
a) 1) and 2)
b) Only 1)
c) 1), 2) and 4)
d) 1) and 4)
Answer: d
Clarification: Two contour lines of different elevations cannot cross each other. However, contour lines of different elevations can intersect only in case of an overhanging Cliff and a cave.

4. Contour lines close together indicate _______ slope.
a) Steep
b) Gentle
c) Uniform
d) Undulated
Answer: a
Clarification: Contour lines close together indicate steep slope. They indicate a gentle slope if they are far apart.

5. A series of straight parallel and equally spaced contours represent ________
a) Hills
b) Ponds
c) Plane surface
d) Desert
Answer: c
Clarification: A series of straight, parallel and equally spaced contours represent a plane surface. Equally spaced represent uniform slope.

6. A Contour passing through any point is parallel to the line of steepest slope at that point.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: A Contour passing through any point is perpendicular to the line of steepest slope at the point. This agrees with since the perpendicular distance between contour lines is the shortest distance.

7. A closed contour line with one or more higher ones inside to represent _____
a) Hill
b) Pond
c) River
d) Cliff
Answer: a
Clarification: A closed contour line with one or more higher ones inside to represent a hill. Similarly, closed contour line with one or more lower ones inside it indicates a depression without an outlet.

8. To contour lines having the same elevations cannot unite and continue as one line.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: To contour lines having the same elevations cannot unite and continue as one line. Similarly, a single contour cannot split into two lines.

9. A single contour line can split into two in case of a change in elevations.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: To contour lines having the same elevations cannot unite and continue as one line. Similarly, a single contour cannot split into two lines.

10. A contour line must close upon itself.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: A contour line must close upon itself. Though not necessarily within the limits of the maps.

11. Contour lines cross a watershed or ridge line at _____
a) 90°
b) 100°
c) 45°
d) 30°
Answer: a
Clarification: Contour lines cross a watershed or ridge line at right angles. The form curves of U shape round it with the concave side of the curve towards the higher ground.

12. What is the shape of contour lines in case of a valley?
a) U shape
b) V shape
c) W shape
d) O shape
Answer: b
Clarification: Contour lines cross a valley line at right angles. They form sharp curves of V shape across it with the convex side of the curve towards the higher ground.

13. What is the shape of contour lines in case of a watershed?
a) U shape
b) V shape
c) W shape
d) O shape
Answer: a
Clarification: Contour lines cross a watershed or ridge line at right angles. The form curves of U shape around it with the concave side of the curve towards the higher ground.

14. The same contour appears on either sides of a ridge or valley, for the highest horizontal plane that interests the ridge must cut it on both sides.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The same contour appears on either sides of a ridge or valley, for the highest horizontal plane that interests the ridge must cut it on both sides. The same is true in case of a lower horizontal plane that cuts a valley.

250+ TOP MCQs on Methods of Plane Tabling and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Methods of Plane Tabling”.

1. Which of the following methods can be useful in having an enlarged output?
a) Intersection
b) Resection
c) Traversing
d) Radiation
Answer: d
Clarification: An enlarged output is required in case of improving accuracy in the traverse area. It can be obtained only in case of radiation, as it is used in the case of small distances and the production of large output is quite simple and easy.

2. Which of the following methods is a widely used method of plane tabling?
a) Radiation
b) Intersection
c) Traversing
d) Resection
Answer: c
Clarification: Among the following, traversing is adopted in the usual manner. It involves a very simple procedure and also gives more accurate values when compared to other processes.

3. Which of the following can give the best output?
a) Traversing
b) Intersection
c) Resection
d) Radiation
Answer: a
Clarification: Though resection involves in more accuracy, it is more time consuming. By considering the time factor usually traversing is adopted and is given at most priority. It is also capable of giving accurate results.

4. Which of the following methods is more suitable in case of small distances?
a) Traversing
b) Radiation
c) Resection
d) Intersection
Answer: b
Clarification: Radiation process involves in recreating the station to station distance in an enlarged manner. It requires a lot of time which makes it suitable only in case of small distances.

5. Which of the following methods is having a wider scope with the use of tacheometer?
a) Resection
b) Trisection
c) Intersection
d) Radiation
Answer: d
Clarification: Alidade can be used to locate the points and determining the traverse. If the point to point distance can be obtained by tacheometer, radiation method can have wider scope in case of locating details regarding the points.

6. Which of the following is used to locate only details?
a) Radiation
b) Trisection
c) Resection
d) Traversing
Answer: a
Clarification: Radiation and intersection are having a common point that they both are able to locate the details other than station points. With the information provided by these, instrument station points can be located.

7. Which of the following describes the usage of the traversing method?
a) Locating points
b) Survey line placement
c) Measuring angles
d) Measuring bearings
Answer: b
Clarification: Traversing is a very commonly used method that is involved only in the survey line placement between the instrument stations in an open or closed traverse.

8. The figure indicates which of the following methods?

a) Traversing
b) Intersection
c) Radiation
d) Trisection
Answer: c
Clarification: The above mentioned figure indicates the process of radiation in which the station point is extended till it meets the point on the sheet provided while conducting the process.

9. Which is of the following is used for locating details of the station points?
a) Radiation
b) Intersection
c) Trisection
d) Traversing
Answer: d
Clarification: The location of plane table stations can be carried out by traversing and resection methods, which involve in determining only the station points. This key step because instrument has to be set at a definite point to continue further.

10. Which among the following set share the same working principle?
a) Traversing and Radiation
b) Traversing and trisection
c) Traversing and Resection
d) Traversing and intersection
Answer: a
Clarification: Traversing and Radiation share the same working principle. The only difference is that in the case of radiation the observations are taken to those points which are to be detailed, while in case of traversing the observations are made to those points which will subsequently be used as instrument stations.

250+ TOP MCQs on Area Computation – Simpson’s Rule and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Area Computation – Simpson’s Rule”.

1. Find the area of the traverse using Simpson’s rule if d= 12 m and the values of ordinates are 2.25m, 1.46m, 3.23m, 4.46m.
a) 116.88 sq. m
b) 161.88 sq. m
c) 611.88 sq. m
d) 169.54 sq. m
Answer: b
Clarification: The formula for Simpson’s rule can be given as Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O₄) + 4*(O₁+O₃) + 2*(O₂+O₄)). On substitution, we get
Δ = (12/3)* ((2.25+4.46) + 4*(2.25+3.23) + 2*(1.46+4.46))
Δ = 161.88 sq. m.

2. Simpson’s rule assumes that boundary between the ordinates are parabolic arcs.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In Simpson’s rule, it is assumed that the short lengths of the boundaries can form parabolic arcs. Simpson’s rule can be useful when boundary line departs from a straight line rather than a curve.

3. The results obtained are greater than which among the following?
a) Prismoidal rule
b) Trapezoidal rule
c) Rectangular rule
d) Square rule
Answer: b
Clarification: Due to the presence of curvature at the boundary whether it may be concave or convex towards the base line, the results are depended. It makes them greater than that obtained from the trapezoidal rule.

4. The value obtained from Simpson’s rule depends on the nature of the curve.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The results obtained by Simpson’s rule are more accurate when compared to all cases. The results obtained by using Simpson’s rule are greater or smaller than those obtained by using the trapezoidal rule according as the curve of the boundary is concave or convex towards the base line.

5. Find the area of segment if the values of co-ordinates are given as 119.65m, 45.76m and 32.87m. They are placed at a distance of 2 m each.
a) 20.43 sq. m
b) 2.34 sq. m
c) 20.34 sq. m
d) 87.34 sq. m
Answer: c
Clarification: The area of the segment can be found out by using,
A = (2/3)*(O1-(O0+O2/2)). On substitution, we get
A = (2/3)*(45.76-(119.65+32.87/2))
A = -20.34 Sq. m (negative sign has no significance)
A = 20.34 sq. m.

6. In which of the following cases, Simpson’s rule is adopted?
a) When straights are perpendicular
b) When straights are parallel
c) When straights form curves
d) When straights form parabolic arcs
Answer: b
Clarification: Even though Simpson’s rule assumes that short lengths of boundary between the ordinates are parabolic arcs, this method is more accurate for the case when straights act as a parallel to each other.

7. The total number of ordinates present must be___________
a) Real numbers
b) Complex
c) Even
d) Odd
Answer: d
Clarification: The presence of ordinates help in determining the area by substituting them in the formula provided. Odd number presence makes them calculate in an easy manner without involving tedious procedure.

8. Which of the following shapes is generally preferred in case of application of Simpson’s rule?
a) Square
b) Triangle
c) Trapezoid
d) Rectangle
Answer: c
Clarification: The application of Simpson’s rule generally involves usage of trapezoids which can involve as many sides as possible. To have any accuracy in the output it is recommended to consider a trapezoid.

9. Which of the following can the Simpson’s rule possess?
a) Negatives
b) Accuracy
c) Positives
d) Zero error
Answer: b
Clarification: Accuracy is the main plus point in case of Simpson’s rule. Due to the involvement of odd number of sides and also the procedure, the accuracy levels in this process are good enough for producing good result.

10. Which of the following indicates the formula for Simpson’s rule?
a) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 4*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….))
b) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 2*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….))
c) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 4*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….))
d) Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 2*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 4*(O₂+O₄+……….))
Answer: a
Clarification: The formula for Simpson’s rule can be given as the sum of the two end ordinates plus four times the sum of even intermediate ordinates plus twice the sum of odd intermediate ordinates, the whole multiplied by one-third the common interval between them. This can be mathematically expressed as,
Δ = (d/3)*((O₀+O_n) + 4*(O₁+O₃+……..) + 2*(O₂+O₄+……….)).