Category: Tissue Engineering Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Biomaterial -Tissue Interactions and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Biomaterial -Tissue Interactions”.

1. What is the first step in Biomaterial-tissue interactions?
A. Cell Migration
B. Adsorption of proteins
C. Cell Development
D. Cell adhesion
Answer: D
Clarification: The initial phase in biomaterial–tissue connection is the underlying adsorption of proteins onto the outse of the biomaterial, which, in a mix with the physical and multiple properties of the surface, is thought to prompt ensuing cell practices, for example, bond, spreading and expansion.

2. The biomaterials are expected to mimic the functions of ____________
A. Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
B. Transmembrane proteins
C. Cytoplasm
D. Cell Organelles
Answer: A
Clarification: TE depends on platform biomaterials that will have cells from the body and, with the assistance of development factors or a bioreactor, will eally prompt tissue regeneration. These biomaterials are subsequently expected to mirror the ECM capacities and connections with the cells and the encompassing tissues. These connections have now moved past a straightforward association with the organic frameworks to impact the natural procedures that can prompt tissue recovery.

3. _____________ is the first process involved in Biomaterial-Tissue interaction.
A. Foreign Body Response
B. Elongation
C. Adhesion
D. Replication
Answer: A
Clarification: All in all, the nature of the cooperation among biomaterials and tissues in the body can be portrayed by two primary procedures. The foreign body response (FBR), is particularly activated on account of an implantable gadget so as to shield the body from the remote material. Once the biomaterial gadget or platform is embedded in the body, a tissue/biomaterial interface straightforwardly structures and causes a progression of incendiary reactions.

4. There is the formation of the fibrous capsule when the Biomaterial-Tissue implant is implanted in the body.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Foreign body reaction (FBR) begins with an intense stage that can last as long as a few days. During this stage, leukocytes are actuated to the implantation site, and some development elements and cytokines are created. Monocytes are likewise enrolled, which separate into macrophages. After this period, which is the situation when the biomaterial is embedded in the body, an unending outse body response is activated. This is when lymphocytes and macrophages show up, notwithstanding the advancement of veins that are essential for wound mending and tissue recovery.

5. ____________ is one of the most important aspects of biomaterial-tissue interactions.
A. Biocompatibility
B. Bioavailability
C. Bioequivalence
D. Bioluminescence
Answer: A
Clarification: Biomaterials should be able to mimic the native cell microenvironment and to control the spatiotemporal secretion of growth factors and morphogens.

6. There are three major types of biomaterial-tissue interactions.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: There are two major types of biomaterial-tissue interactions, namely local and systemic interactions. The local interactions are the ones taking place at the implant site, e.g., inflammation, infection, tumorigenesis, etc. Systemic interactions affect the organism as a whole triggering immune responses. These two usually are the reasons for the device associated complications like biomaterial’s failure.

7. Scaffolds acquire stability and strength from the cells.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: The scaffolds prove mechanical integrity and stability, the adhesive substrate, and soluble factors for the cells in newly formed tissues.

Engineering,

250+ TOP MCQs on Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cells and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cells”.

1. _________ is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord.
A. Wharton’s jelly
B. Ectodermal layer
C. Endodermal layer
D. Mucosal layer
Answer: A
Clarification: Wharton’s jelly is a coagulated substance inse the umbilical string moreover present in the eyeball’s vitreous humor, all things consered, made up of mucopolysacchares (hyaluronic corrosive and chondroitin sulfate).

2. Wharton’s jelly is a potential source of ________
A. red blood cells
B. adherent cells
C. adult stem cells
D. carcinoma cells
Answer: A
Clarification: Cells in Wharton’s jelly express a few stem cell genes, including telomerase. They can be extricated, cultured, and instigated to separate into mature cell types, for example, neurons. Wharton’s jelly is, in this manner, a potential wellspring of the adult stem cells (additionally observe the more typical technique for putting away cord blooD..

3. Wharton’s jelly may contain some fibroblast and ___________
A. Macrophages
B. T cells
C. B cells
D. Natural killer cells
Answer: A
Clarification: Wharton’s jelly may contain a few fibroblasts and macrophages. A fibroblast is a sort of natural cell that integrates the extracellular gr and collagen, produces the auxiliary structure (stromA. for creature tissues and assumes a basic job in wound recuperating. Macrophages are a sort of white platelet, of the safe framework, that overwhelms and processes cell flotsam and jetsam, remote substances, microorganisms, malignant growth cells, and whatever else that does not have the kind of proteins explicit to sound body cells on its surface in a procedure called phagocytosis.

4. As a mucous tissue, Wharton’s jelly protects and insulates umbilical blood vessels.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: As a mucous tissue, it ensures and protects umbilical blood vessels. Wharton’s jam, when presented to temperature changes, breakdown structures inse the umbilical cord and along these lines gives a physiological clamping of the rope (a normal of) 5 minutes after birth.

5. Wharton’s jelly is derived from extra-embryonic ____________
A. mesoderm
B. ectoderm
C. endoderm
D. mucosal layer
Answer: A
Clarification: Wharton’s jelly is gotten from extra-embryonic mesoderm. Extraembryonic mesoderm lies outse the fetus, related to fetal layer and placenta advancement. This mesoderm is framed at gastrulation alongse the embryonic mesoderm from the proximal se of the crude streak.

Engineering,

250+ TOP MCQs on Development of Tissue-Engineered Human Skin Equivalents and Answers

Tissue Engineering Questions and Answers for Campus interviews focuses on “Development of Tissue-Engineered Human Skin Equivalents”.

1. The technology for epermal replacement (a confluent epithelial cell layer attached to a petroleum gauze carrier) was developed in the _______________
A. 1970s
B. 1990s
C. 2000s
D. 2010s
Answer: A
Clarification: The innovation for epermal substitution (a blended epithelial cell layer joined to an oilcloth transporter) was created during the 1970s. Shockingly, the pace of epermal engraftment was not exactly perfect and even effective cases showed poor toughness and frail epithelium.

2. The epermis is consered the outermost component of the skin and primarily comprised of ___________ a specific type of epithelial cells.
A. keratinocytes
B. collagen
C. stem cells
D. chondrocytes
Answer: A
Clarification: The epermis is viewed as the furthest segment of the skin and essentially involved keratinocytes, a particular kind of epithelial cells. The use of an epermal layer gives early restoration of a practical hindrance, which is crucial in the avoance of inordinate transepermal water misfortune and contamination.

3. The epermis is usually separated from a ____________
A. skin biopsy
B. grafting
C. replacement
D. regeneration
Answer: A
Clarification: So as to deliver an epermal skin substitution, the epermis is typically isolated from a skin biopsy, 2–5 cm2 in size, and keratinocytes are therefore refined on fibroblasts. Epermal Tess is sold by various organizations, for example, Genzyme’s Epicel® (Cambrge, MA, USA.. Epicel® is proposed for unions of consuming wounds and comprises of refined epithelium utilizing autologous epermal cells. Laserskin® (Fia Advanced Biopolymers Srl, Italy), is another epermal TES model assigned for the treatment of profound severe singeing and ceaseless ulcers.

4. Transcyte® is a non-living wound dressing produced by Advanced Tissue Sciences, Inc.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Transcyte® is a non-living injury dressing delivered by Advanced Tissue Sciences, Inc. (La Jolla, CA, USA., which cryopreserves human dermal fibroblasts on a polymeric platform and has been built up as a reasonable brief injury dressing for extracted consume wounds. Dermagraft® is a subsiary of Transcyte® made by Advanced Biohealing and has shown the potential for treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).

Engineering for Campus Interviews,

250+ TOP MCQs on Biodegradable Polymers for Biomaterial Processing and Answers

Tissue Engineering Interview Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on “Biodegradable Polymers for Biomaterial Processing”.

1. ____________ polymers are consered to possess the property of biocompatibility.
A. Biodegradable
B. Bioequivalent
C. Bioavailable
D. Man-made
Answer: A
Clarification: Biodegradability is regularly a basic factor since frameworks ought to eally be consumed by the encompassing tissues without the need for a careful evaluation.

2. What is the eal composition of the polymer at the time of incorporation?
A. Liqu
B. Gas
C. Sol
D. Aerosol
Answer: A
Clarification: Preferably an injectable pre-polymer arrangement ought to be in flu/glue structure, serializable without causing any major change, and have the ability to consolate natural network necessities to be valuable in tissue building applications. Upon infusion, the pre-polymer blend should attach to the organic surface and fix to a strong and permeable structure with fitting mechanical properties to suit the application. The curing should be with minimal heat generation and the chemical reactions involved in curing should not damage the cells or adjacent tissues.

3. Biodegradable biomaterials are of two types, namely natural and __________
A. synthetic
B. protein-based
C. acrylic-based
D. ceramic
Answer: A
Clarification: Biodegradable biomaterials are of two types, namely natural and synthetic. The natural ones are based on proteins and polysacchares. The synthetic ones are based on PGA, PLA, PAA, etc.

4. Biodegradable biomaterials have high process-ability into porous structures.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Unlike ceramic biomaterials, Biodegradable biomaterials have high process-ability into porous structures and low brittleness.

5. What is the major drawback of biodegradable polymers?
A. Fast oxation
B. Slow process-ability
C. Brittleness
D. Strength
Answer: A
Clarification: One of the obstacles in degradable metals improvement is quick oxation bringing about early decay of mechanical properties and huge particle fixations in tissues.

6. Biodegradable biomaterials can only be degraded by enzymatic reactions.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: There are many possible mechanisms of degradation for materials in vivo, including stress cracking, fatigue cracking, hydrolysis, oxation, and degradation by enzymes.

7. Biodegradable polymers can be used as a carrier for drugs.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Polymers may likewise exemplify living cells or biomolecules which help in the mending procedure, anyway most debased manufactured polymer se-effects can’t be completely resorbed and are rather discharged by the body.

8. Which type of drug encapsulation method has been represented in the diagram?
tissue-engineering-questions-answers-biodegradable-polymers-biomaterial-processing-q8
A. Liposome
B. Micelle
C. Micro sphere
D. Nano capsule
Answer: B
Clarification: Polymeric micelles are nanoscopic core/shell structures shaped by amphiphilic square copolymers. Both the inbuilt and modifiable properties of polymeric micelles make them especially appropriate for medication conveyance purposes.

9. Biodegradable in excess can prove to be poisonous.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: In the case of synthetic biodegradable polymers there is a potential presence of toxic substances when broken down such into simpler monomers or the additives used during the process of polymerization.

10. The properties of biodegradable polymers remain fixed for everyone.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Customization of properties, both bulk and surface, unlike the metallic polymers. In metallic polymers, the properties depend on the kind of metal in use.

250+ TOP MCQs on Bone Tissue Engineering using Stem Cells and Answers

Tissue Engineering Quiz focuses on “Bone Tissue Engineering using Stem Cells”.

1. Bone is a ______________ tissue.
A. connective
B. muscular
C. epithelial
D. nervous
Answer: A
Clarification: Like cartilage and fat tissue, bone is connective tissue, implying that it contains a populace of cells that are inserted into an extracellular gr.

2. Formation of new bone tissue is known as __________
A. ossification
B. hematopoiesis
C. apoptosis
D. calcification
Answer: A
Clarification: In healthy people, bone recovers through a two–advance redesigning process that includes resorption of developing bone that has turned out to be exhausted and the arrangement of new bone tissue (hardening).

3. _____________ are simply osteoblasts trapped in the matrix that they secrete.
A. Osteocytes
B. Hepatocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. Chondrocytes
Answer: A
Clarification: Osteocytes are regularly depicted as terminally separated osteoblasts that dwell in little pockets named lacunae, found profound inse the mineralized bone.

4. An osteoblast is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Osteoclasts are huge multinucleate (cells with more than one core) that separate from another kind of cell called a macrophage. In typical bone, bone arrangement and bone resorption are firmly coupled procedures associated with the ordinary redesigning of bone.

5. ______________ imperfecta is a disorder of bone fragility chiefly caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes that encode type I procollagen.
A. Osteogenesis
B. Acetogenesis
C. Fibrogenesis
D. Hadrogenesis
Answer: A
Clarification: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), otherwise called a fragile bone infection, is a gathering of hereditary issue that fundamentally influences the bones. It brings about bones that break effectively. The seriousness might be mellow to extreme.

6. Bones contain elastic elements like type I collagen.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Bone and related structures found in teeth are exceptional among connective tissues in that their frameworks incorporate components that make them inflexible (crystalline mineral, hydroxyapatite) just as flexible components (type I collagen).

7. Epithelial cells help in establishing new bones in animal models.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: At the point when conveyed related to a biomaterial framework, Mesenchymal stem cells have exhibited the capacity to help set up new bone in creature models. MSCs “multipurpose” capacity makes these phones a potential asset for some tissue recovery and building applications.

8. ______________ is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone.
A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteomyelitis
C. Osteosarcoma
D. Fracture
Answer: A
Clarification: Osteoporosis is a bone ailment that happens when the body loses a lot of bone, makes excessively minimal bone, or both. Subsequently, bones become powerless and may part from a fall or, in genuine cases, from sniffling or minor knocks.

Engineering for Quizzes,

250+ TOP MCQs on Articular Cartilage Structure and Function and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Articular Cartilage Structure and Function”.

1. __________ cartilage is a thin layer of specialized connective tissue with unique viscoelastic properties.
A. Atrial
B. Articular
C. Elastic
D. Smooth
Answer: A
Clarification: Articular cartilage is a flimsy layer of specific connective tissue with one of a kind viscoelastic property. Its chief capacity is to give a smooth, greased up surface for low rubbing explanation and to encourage the transmission of burdens to the basic subchondral bone.

2. Injury to articular cartilage is recognized as a cause of significant musculoskeletal morbity.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Damage to articular cartilage is perceived as a reason for noteworthy musculoskeletal horribleness. The novel and complex structure of articular cartilage makes treatment and fix or reclamation of the deformities trying for the patient, the specialist, and the physical advisor. The conservation of articular cartilage is exceptionally subject to keeping up its sorted out engineering.

3. Articular cartilage is ____________ cartilage and is 2 to 4 mm thick.
A. hyaline
B. hydraulic
C. vascular
D. electrochemical
Answer: A
Clarification: Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage and is 2 to 4 mm thick. In contrast to most tissues, articular ligament does not have veins, nerves, or lymphatics. It is made out of a thick extracellular framework (ECM) with an inadequate appropriation of profoundly specific cells called chondrocytes.

4. Articular cartilage is devo of blood vessels.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Articular cartilage is without veins, lymphatics and nerves and is liable to an unforgiving biomechanical condition. Most significant, the articular cartilage has a restricted limit with regards to natural mending and fix. In such a manner, the safeguarding and strength of articular cartilage are vital to joint wellbeing.

5. The thin superficial zone that protects the deeper layers from shear stresses is called _______ zone.
A. tangential
B. lateral
C. transverse
D. traverse
Answer: A
Clarification: The dainty shallow (extraneous) zone shields further layers from shear stresses and makes up around 10% to 20% of articular cartilage thickness. The collagen filaments of this zone (principally, type II and IX collagen) are stuffed firmly and adjusted parallel to the articular surface.

6. The superficial layer contains a relatively high number of flattened chondrocytes.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The dainty shallow (extraneous) zone shields further layers from shear stresses and makes up around 10% to 20% of articular cartilage thickness. The collagen filaments of this zone (principally, type II and IX collagen) are stuffed firmly and adjusted parallel to the articular surface.

7. The mdle zone represents 40% to 60% of the total cartilage volume, and it contains proteoglycans and thicker collagen fibrils.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Quickly profound to the shallow zone is the center (transitional) zone, which gives an anatomic and practical scaffold between the shallow and profound zones. The center zone speaks to 40% to 60% of the complete ligament volume, and it contains proteoglycans and thicker collagen fibrils. In this layer, the collagen is sorted out at a slant, and the chondrocytes are round and at low thickness. Practically, the center zone is the principal line of protection from compressive powers.

8. The ______ zone contains the largest diameter collagen fibrils in radial disposition.
A. deep
B. mdle
C. last
D. first
Answer: A
Clarification: The profound zone is in charge of giving the best protection from compressive powers, given that collagen fibrils are organized opposite to the articular surface. The profound zone contains the biggest breadth collagen fibrils in a spiral aura, the most astounding proteoglycan content, and the least water focus.

9. The _______________ is the resent cell type in articular cartilage.
A. chondrocyte
B. cardiomyocytes
C. adipocytes
D. myocytes
Answer: B
Clarification: The chondrocyte is the occupant cell type in the articular ligament. Chondrocytes are exceptionally particular, metabolically dynamic cells that assume an extraordinary job in the improvement, upkeep and fix of the ECM.

10. In normal articular cartilage, tissue flu represents between 65% and 80% of the total weight.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: In ordinary articular ligament, tissue liqu speaks to somewhere in the range of 65% and 80% of the complete weight. Collagens and proteoglycans represent the staying dry weight. A few different classes of particles can be found in littler sums in the ECM; these incorporate lips, phospholips, noncollagenous proteins and glycoproteins.

11. ___________ collagen represents 90% to 95% of the collagen in ECM and forms fibrils and fibers intertwined with proteoglycan aggregates.
A. Type II
B. Type IX and X
C. Type XX
D. Type L
Answer: A
Clarification: Collagen is the richest auxiliary macromolecule in ECM, and it makes up about 60% of the dry load of cartilage. Type II collagen speaks to 90% to 95% of the collagen in ECM and structures fibrils and filaments interweaved with proteoglycan totals. Collagen types I, IV, V, VI, IX, and XI are likewise present yet contribute just a minor extent. The minor collagens help to shape and balance out the sort II collagen fibril organize.

12. Synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) originate from the ________ surrounding joints.
A. synovial membrane
B. synovial humor
C. synovial disc
D. synovial jelly
Answer: A
Clarification: Synovium-inferred immature microorganisms (SDSCs), starting from the synovial layer encompassing joints, were first secluded in 2001, with predominant chondrogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo.

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