Category: Tissue Engineering Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Bioceramics for Biomaterial Processing and Answers

Tissue Engineering online test focuses on “Bioceramics for Biomaterial Processing”.

1. ____________ was the earliest used bio-ceramic.
A. Porcelain
B. Gypsum
C. Gelatin
D. Cement
Answer: A
Clarification: The clinical use of bio-ceramics in dentistry started in the late 18th century with the use of porcelain for crowns. Since the late 19th century Plaster of Paris and gypsum have been used as biomaterials in orthopedics.

2. __________ family of ceramics is wely used for bone defects.
A. Calcium phosphate
B. Calcium oxe
C. Calcium carbonate
D. Calcium bicarbonate
Answer: A
Clarification: The calcium phosphate family of ceramics is wely used for bone defects and zirconia, alumina and their composites are used for hip-joints.

3. _____________ is a large class of inorganic nonmetallic materials.
A. Bioceramics
B. Polymers
C. Plastics
D. Antibodies
Answer: A
Clarification: Bioceramics constitute an important group of biomaterials, their biocompatibility ranges from that of ceramic oxes (inert in the body) to that of resorbable materials (replaced by the body after they have assisted in repair).

4. In general, bioceramics are classified into two families.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: In general, we classify bioceramics into two families: bioinert and bioactive ceramics. Their classification depends on whether the ceramic can directly form an integration at the interface between the bone and the ceramic.

5. __________ and glass-ceramic contain rich CaO and P2O5 contents.
A. Bioactive glass
B. Hydrogel
C. Metal
D. Mesh
Answer: A
Clarification: Bioactive glass and glass-ceramic contain rich CaO and P2O5 contents. One representative is the bioglass 45S5 developed by Larry Hench in 1968.

To practice all areas of Tissue Engineering for online tests,

250+ TOP MCQs on Neural Tissue Engineering using Stem Cells and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Neural Tissue Engineering using Stem Cells”.

1. The majority of neural tissue found in the CNS consists of two cell types, neuronal cells, and ____________
A. red blood cells
B. adherent cells
C. stem cells
D. glial cells
Answer: D
Clarification: The CNS comprises of the mind and the spinal string with the blood-cerebrum obstruction confining the kinds of biomolecules that can achieve these organs. Most of the neural tissue found in the CNS comprises of two cell types: neuronal cells and glial cells.

2. _______________ produce the myelin sheath insulating neuronal axons.
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Osteocytes
C. Myocytes
D. Cardiomyocytes
Answer: A
Clarification: Oligodendrocytes are a kind of huge glial cell found in the focal sensory system. Oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath protecting neuronal axons (undifferentiated from Schwann cells in the fringe sensory system), in spite of the fact that some oligodendrocytes (called satellite oligodendrocytes) are not engaged with myelination.

3. ___________ is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement.
A. Myogenesis
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Thrombopoiesis
D. Parkinson’s disease
Answer: D
Clarification: Parkinson’s disease is a dynamic sensory system issue that influences development. Se effects begin step by step, now and again beginning with a scarcely discernible tremor in only one hand. Tremors are normal, yet the turmoil likewise regularly causes firmness or easing back of the development.

4. Dopaminergic neurons of the mbrain are the main source of dopamine.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Dopaminergic neurons of the mbrain are the principle wellspring of dopamine (DA. in the mammalian focal sensory system. Their misfortune is related to one of the most unmistakable human neurological issues, Parkinson’s disease (PD..

5. ____________ is rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of medium spiny projection neurons in the striatum.
A. Huntington’s disease (HD.
B. Parkinson’s Disease
C. Cardiac myopathy
D. Alzheimer’s Disease
Answer: A
Clarification: Huntington’s disease (HD. is an uncommon, acquired neuro-degenerative turmoil portrayed by lost medium barbed projection neurons in the striatum. Se effects incorporate loss of sol coordination alongse dynamic psychological decrease.

Engineering,

250+ TOP MCQs on History & Scope and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “History & Scope”.

1. Who discovered cells and when d they do that?
A. Matthias Schleen and Theodor Schwann, 1839
B. Charles Darwin, 1859
C. Gregor Mendel, 1865
D. Robert Hooke, 1665
Answer: D
Clarification: Robert Hooke was observing a slice of cork under the microscope and he remarked that he observed something which strangely resembled cellula (thus the name cells) or small rooms, however, what he was observing were actually dead plant cells.

2. In 1839, Matthias Schleen and Theodor Schwann discovered that trypsin could be used for degradation of matrix proteins.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: It was Rous and Jones, in 1916 discovered that trypsin is capable of degrading matrix proteins and thus separating cells to create cell suspensions.

3. The development of __________ formed the basis of modern tissue engineering.
A. SK-OV-3 cell lines
B. Stem cell lines
C. A549 cell lines
D. OVCAR-3 cell lines
Answer: B
Clarification: Since Tissue engineering aims at regenerating tissues and restoring cell functions, it will have to make use of stem cells to achieve this goal due to certain properties like self-renewal. The other options, SK-OV-3, A549 and OVCAR-3 are that of Cancer cell lines.

4. When was Tissue engineering conceptualized?
A. 1933
B. 1916
C. 1865
D. 1890
Answer: A
Clarification: In the year 1933, tissue engineering was conceptualized when mouse tumor cells demonstrated survival when encased in a biocompatible polymer membrane and implanted into the abdominal cavity of chick embryos.

5. When was the first neuronal tissue culture line developed?
A. 1907
B. 1936
C. 1885
D. 1880
Answer: A
Clarification: Ross Harrison born in the year 1870, on the 13th day of January, after his schooling he went to John Hopkins University in the year 1886. In the year, he isolated neural tissue fragments from a frog’s embryo and grew the in vitro and thus he was the first to discover tissue culture and also the first one to develop neuronal tissue culture line.

6. Karl Thiersch was a german surgeon in Munich. He attempted to grow skin cells into granulation wounds. While doing so, he discovered the importance of granulation tissue in the process of wound healing in 1874. In which stage of wound healing does granulation occur?
A. Hemostasis Phase
B. Proliferative Phase
C. Inflammatory Phase
D. Maturation Phase
Answer: C
Clarification: There are four phases in wound healing namely Hemostasis (1st phase), Proliferative (2nd phase), Inflammatory (3rd phase) and Maturation (4th phase) phases. As soon as a person gets hurt, the emergency system of the body sends various signals to the immune system asking for help in stopping blood flow from increasing, this is done by forming a dam like blockage. In the 2nd phase neutrophils (a kind of WBCs) enter the wound in order to sanitize the wound by killing bacteria and eradicating debris. The in the 3rd phase actual wound healing process starts by formation of new connective tissue called granulation tissue, this is followed by covering of wound with epithelia. In the 4th phase the newly formed tissue gains strength and flexibility lost due to the wound.

7. Ross Harrison was the first one to develop a neuronal cell line in the year 1912. This was followed by the development of stem cell lines by Alexis Carrel.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Following the development of neuronal cell lines in 1912, which was followed by Alexis Carrel who carried out an experiment where he placed tissue cultured from a chicken embryo in a stoppered Pyrex flask designed by him. He went on to maintain the living culture for about 20 years with a regular supply of nutrients. In the year 1998, the development of stem cell lines formed the basis of modern tissue engineering.

8. Who invented the technique of cell culture?
A. Alexis Carrel
B. Robert Hooke
C. Gregor Mendel
D. Charles Vacanti
Answer: A
Clarification: Alexis Carrel was the one who invented the technique of cell culture. Robert Hooke discovered and termed the term Cell. Gregor Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity. Charles Vacanti was the first one to grow human cartilage in vitro on a biodegradable scaffold.

9. Thin split thickness skin grafts were first introduced in 1872 by ______ in France, and later by ______ in Germany in 1874.
A. Louis Léopold Ollier; Karl Thiersch
B. Charles Vacanti; Joseph Vacanti
C. Alfred Hershey; Martha Chase
D. Matthias Schleen; Theodor Schwann
Answer: A
Clarification: Thin split thickness skin grafts were first introduced in 1872 by in Louis Léopold Ollier France, and later by Karl Thiersch in Germany in 1874. The Vacanti brothers -Charles Vacanti and Joseph Vacanti were able to successfully grow a chest plate for young boy born with no cartilage or bone over his left lung as well as the heart. Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA was the genetic material and not protein. Matthias Schleen and Theodor Schwann discovered that trypsin could be used for degradation of matrix proteins.

10. When was the term “Tissue engineering” coined?
A. 1988
B. 1970
C. 2000
D. 1890
Answer: A
Clarification: In the year 1988, in a workshop organized by the National Science Foundation, the term Tissue Engineering was first coined. It represented a whole new scientific field that focused on tissue regeneration from cells biomaterials, scaffolds and growth factors acting as support.

Engineering,

250+ TOP MCQs on Properties of Biomaterials and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Properties of Biomaterials”.

1. Which of the following is a characterization technique used to measure Young’s modulus of a biomaterial?
A. Tensile test
B. Compression test
C. Three- and four-point bend test
D. Calculation from the stress-strain curve
Answer: D
Clarification: Tensile test helps in measurement of tensile strength, Compression test helps in measurement of Compressive strength, three- and four-point bend test helps in measurement of flexural strength and calculations from stress-strain curve help in measurement of Young’s modulus.

2. Which of the following is a characterization technique used to measure the Ductility of a biomaterial?
A. Calculations from strength test
B. Single edge notched-beam Indirect measurement
C. Indentation
D. Cyclic stress test
Answer: A
Clarification: Calculations from strength test help in measurement of Ductility, Single edge notched-beam Indirect measurement helps in measurement of Toughness, Indentation helps in measurement of Hardness and Cyclic stress test help in the measurement of Fatigue.

3. Constant stress test helps in measurement of ____________ for a biomaterial.
A. ductility
B. toughness
C. creep
D. fatigue
Answer: A
Clarification: Calculations from strength test help in measurement of Ductility, Single edge notched-beam Indirect measurement helps in measurement of Toughness, Constant stress test helps in measurement of Creep and Cyclic stress test help in measurement of Fatigue.

4. Elastic modulus helps in determining the strength of a biomaterial and it is measured using indentation.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Elastic modulus helps in determining the degree to which the biomaterial can be stretched on the application of force and it reverts back to its original configuration on the release of the force and it is measured using calculations obtained from the stress-strain curve.

5. Which of the following physiochemical properties of a biomaterial might cause a cellular response that might affect the cellular motility, adhesion, survival, and differentiation?
A. Stiffness
B. Porosity
C. Charge
D. Surface chemistry
Answer: A
Clarification: Stiffness might affect cellular motility, adhesion, survival and differentiation. Porosity might affect the maximum possible accommodation of cells in the scaffold. The charge might affect cellular uptake and spread. Surface chemistry might affect the long-term functional differentiation of cells.

6. Topography and roughness of a biomaterial affect the maximum possible accommodation of cells in the scaffold.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Topography and roughness of a biomaterial affect the cellular orientation and contact guance of fibroblast epithelial cell lines.

7. The pore size of the biomaterial affects the long-term functional differentiation of cells.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Pore size of the biomaterial affects the cellular affinity and viability by influencing cellular movement, binding and spreading, intracellular signaling and transport of nutrients and metabolites. This a cellular response of chondrocyte cell lines usually.

8. Which of the following gel/hydrogel is formed by a physical gelation mechanism?
A. Polyester gel
B. Gelatin
C. CMC-g-acrylic ac
D. Polydimethyl siloxane
Answer: B
Clarification: Polyester gel, CMC-g-acrylic ac and Polydimethylsiloxane are prepared by chemical gelation mechanisms. Gelatin is prepared by a physical gelation mechanism.

9. ______________is prepared by condensation which is a chemical gelation mechanism.
A. Polyester gel
B. Polyvinyl chlore
C. Polythene
D. Polystyrene
Answer: A
Clarification: The Polyester gel is a gel/hydrogel that is prepared by a chemical gelation mechanism called condensation. Polyvinyl chlore, polythene and polystyrene are prepared by addition.

10. Which of the following is not a chemical gelation mechanism?
A. Condensation
B. Addition
C. Cross-linking
D. Weak
Answer: D
Clarification: Condensation, Addition and Cross linking are chemical gelation mechanisms. In the Condensation mechanism, the monomers react in order to form a bond by replacing a few molecules and generation of by-products. In the Addition mechanism, the polymer is formed by simple linking of the monomers without the generation of any by-product. In the cross-linking mechanism the polymer chain of one monomer links the polymer chain of another monomer in order to form a structurally complex polymer. Weak is the physical gelation mechanism.

Engineering,

250+ TOP MCQs on Tissue Engineering for Other Tissues Including Skin, Liver, Lungs, Bladder and Pancreas using Stem Cells and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers focuses on “Tissue Engineering for Other Tissues Including Skin, Liver, Lungs, Bladder and Pancreas using Stem Cells”.

1. _________ is a type of graft surgery involving the transplantation of skin.
A. Skin grafting
B. Regeneration
C. Endodermal replacement
D. Mucosal layer
Answer: A
Clarification: Skin grafting is a kind of join medical procedure including the transplantation of skin. The transplanted tissue is known as a skin unite. Skin joining is regularly used to treat: Extensive injuring or injury.

2. _____________ is when the blood-forming cells you received on transplant day start to grow and make healthy blood cells.
A. Engraftment
B. Homeostasis
C. Carcinogenesis
D. Myogenesis
Answer: A
Clarification: Engraftment is the point at which the blood-framing cells you got on transplant day begin to develop and make sol platelets. It’s a significant achievement in your transplant recuperation.

3. _____________ is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver.
A. Myogenesis
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Thrombopoiesis
D. Cirrhosis
Answer: A
Clarification: Cirrhosis is a later period of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver realized by various kinds of liver diseases and conditions, for instance, hepatitis and perpetual alcohol habit.

4. One of the main causes of liver Cirrhosis is metabolic syndrome.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The fundamental driver of liver ailment incorporates liquor addiction, tranquilize misuse, hepatitis B or C infection contamination, cholestasis and metabolic disorder. Liver disappointment is related to quickly dynamic multiorgan disappointment and destroying inconveniences.

5. The _______________ the epithelium lining the surface of the urinary bladder is a unique cell type with high plasticity and a variety of cellular functions.
A. urothelium
B. mesothelium
C. pericardium
D. basal cells
Answer: A
Clarification: The urothelium, which is a transitional epithelium of endodermal birthplace, is important to counteract the section of hypertonic pee to the blood and the trading of harmful metabolites. About 90% of the urothelium is made out of basal cells, which are mitotically dynamic cells and 5% of the urothelium is populated by mdle cells and shallow cells situated in the suprabasal and luminal layers, indivual.

6. Cystectomy is a surgical way of removing a cyst.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Cystectomy is a therapeutic term for the careful evacuation of all or part of the urinary bladder. It might likewise be once in a while used to allude to the expulsion of a pimple. The most wely recognized condition justifying the expulsion of the urinary bladder will be bladder malignant growth.

7. The pancreas is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The pancreas is around 6 inches in length and sits over the back of the guts, behind the stomach. The leader of the pancreas is on the correct se of the guts and is associated with the duodenum (the main area of the small intestine) through a little cylinder called the pancreatic duct.

8. A ____________ is a flu-filled sac that forms in the abdomen comprised of pancreatic enzymes, blood and necrotic (deaD. tissue.
A. pancreatic pseudocyst
B. liver hepatocyte
C. pancreatic cancer
D. brain tumor
Answer: A
Clarification: A pancreatic pseudocyst is a flu-filled sac that structures in the stomach region included pancreatic-proteins, blood and necrotic tissue. Pancreatic pseudocysts represent around 75% of each pancreatic mass and generally are complexities of ceaseless pancreatitis.

To practice all areas of Tissue Engineering,

250+ TOP MCQs on Need for Tissue Engineering and Answers

Tissue Engineering Interview Questions on “Need for Tissue Engineering”.

1. What is the Goal of Tissue Engineering?
A. Proving biological substitutes to maintain and improve the function of damaged tissues
B. Cure or slow down a genetic disease by repairing the damaged gene responsible for the disease
C. Restore structure and function of damaged tissues and organs
D. entifying basic genetic and molecular defects causing a disease, and developing molecular interventions to treat the same
Answer: A
Clarification: The goal of Tissue Engineering is to prove biological substitutes to maintain and improve the function of damaged tissues. The goal of gene therapy is to cure or slow down a genetic disease by repairing the damaged gene responsible for the disease. Regenerative medicine aims to correct the damaged tissue’s structure and function. Molecular medicine aims to entify the basic genetic and molecular defects causing a disease, and developing molecular interventions to treat the same.

2. The driving force behind the conceptualization of in vivo culturing of tissues was the limited number of donors available and graft-rejection by the immune system.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Clarification: The possibility of replacing an entire organ with an organ from a donor, known today as organ transplantation. Although this is wely practiced today and is known to be the ultimate solution for organ failure, the need for organs always surpasses the number of available donated organs. The driving force behind the conceptualization of in vitro culturing of tissues was the limited number of donors available and graft-rejection by the immune system. The success in tissue engineering of skin grafts boosted the interest in applying similar concepts to other tissues and organs.

3. Prosthetic devices are capable of restoring normal function, and the number of organ donors is always way less than required.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Clarification: Tissue Engineering is a better alternative to prosthetic devices as they cannot restore the normal and natural function of a tissue. Less number of donors is also a major problem faced with the usage of prosthetics. Tissue Engineering is the go-to solution for treating diseases which cannot be cured by regular means and ways such as pharmaceuticals, organ transplant, etc.

4. Which is the Competent Authority for tissues and cells in the United Kingdom?
A. Human Tissue Authority
B. Health and Youth Care Inspectorate
C. Medical Products Agency
D. Slovenija-transplant
Answer: A
Clarification: The Human Tissue Authority is one of the Competent Authorities for Tissue and Cells in The United Kingdom, Health and Youth Care Inspectorate is in the Netherlands, Medical Products Agency in Sweden and Slovenija-transplant in Slovenia.

5. Title ______________ constitutes of a comprehensive regulatory Framework for the producers of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps).
A. 21 CFR Part 1271
B. 21 CFR Part 1308
C. 21 CFR Part 110
D. 21 CFR Part 111
Answer: A
Clarification: Title 21 of Code of Federal Regulations, part 1271 constitutes a comprehensive regulatory Framework for the producers of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps). Part 1308 of the same title constitutes Schedules of controlled substances like narcotic substances and chemical formulations. Part 110 under Title 21 is relevant to “Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food” and Part 111 is relevant to “Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packaging, Labeling, or Holding Operations for Dietary Supplements”.

6. Which Act governs the manufacture of HCT/Ps?
A. Public Health Service Act
B. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
C. Food Adulteration Act
D. Meat Food Products Order
Answer: A
Clarification: The HCT/Ps that meet the criteria mentioned in Title 21 CFR 1271.10(A. are subject only to the regulation under section 361, Public Health Service Act and the regulations mentioned in 21 CFR Part 1271.

7. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are an example of 361 HCT/Ps that meet the criteria in Title 21 of CFR part 1271.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Clarification: Umbilical cord blood stem cells are an example of 361 HCT/Ps that meet the criteria in Title 21 of CFR part 1271. Other examples include Ligament, Cornea, Cartilage, bone, Dura matter, Heart valves, etc.

8. _____________ need to register with FDA under Title 21 of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
A. Laboratories doing speciation of microorganisms detected in HCT/P cultures
B. Companies collecting Blood samples from donors
C. School laboratories
D. Hospitals storing HTC/Ps
Answer: A
Clarification: Laboratories doing speciation of microorganisms detected in HCT/P cultures need to register with FDA under Title 21 of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), by definition manufacture includes processing and processing includes testing of microorganisms according to 21 CFR 1271.3(e) and 21 CFR 1271.3(ff). Whereas Companies collecting Blood samples from donors and Hospitals storing HTC/Ps need not register with the FDA.

9. Name one 361 HCT/P which cannot be imported.
A. Cartilage
B. Bone
C. Infected Peripheral Blood Stem Cells
D. Cornea
Answer: A
Clarification: Infected Peripheral Blood stem cells are an exception of 361 HCT/P offered for import, whereas Cartilage, Bone, and Cornea do not have any such restrictions. The reason being, they can be a source for communicable diseases.

10. Which of the following Tissue Engineering products has been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA. as an Advanced Therapy medicinal product (Drug)?
A. ChondroCelect®
B. CarticelTM
C. Provenge®
D. Laviv®
Answer: A
Clarification: ChondroCelect® is has been approved by the EMA as an Advanced Therapy medicinal product, whereas are CarticelTM, Provenge®;, and Laviv® have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA. as Biologics.