300+ REAL TIME Tissue Engineering Objective Questions & Answers 2023

250+ TOP MCQs on Cell Adhesion and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Cell Adhesion”.

1. ____________ is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighboring cells through specialized molecules of the cell surface.
A. Cell Migration
B. Cell Division
C. Cell Development
D. Cell adhesion
Answer: D
Clarification: The process by which cells interact and attach to each other is termed as cell adhesion. This is done through specialized cells on their surface. Cell adhesion could either be due to direct contact between the surfaces of the cells or by indirect interaction, in which cells attach to the extracellular matrix (ECM).

2. __________ a in the process of cell adhesion.
A. Cell receptors
B. Transmembrane proteins
C. Protease
D. Cytokinins
Answer: A
Clarification: The interactions among the cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) result in a phenomenon called Cell adhesion. In general, the cell-adhesion molecules are the trans-membrane proteins located on the cell’s surface.

3. _____________ is a hemophilic cell-adhesion molecule.
A. Cadherins
B. Integrins
C. Selectins
D. Antibody
Answer: A
Clarification: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) are classified into four categories: selectins, integrins, cadherins, and immunoglobulins (Ig). Each of the CAMs has a particular function and they recognize a different ligand. Cadherins and immunoglobulins are homophilic CAMs, since they bind to the same type of CAMs on another cell, while integrins and selectins are heterophilic CAMs that bind to different types of CAMs.

4. Cell adhesion is also essential for infectious organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, to cause diseases.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Variations in cell adhesion can cause disruptions in major cellular processes and cause a number of diseases like cancer and arthritis. Cell adhesion is also essential for infectious organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, to cause diseases.

5. Plants cells adhere closely to each other and are connected through __________
A. plasmodesmata
B. stomata
C. parenchyma
D. stroma
Answer: A
Clarification: Plants cells adhere closely to each other and are attached through the plasmodesmata. These are channels crossing the plant cell walls and connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells.

6. HIV has an adhesion molecule termed hemagglutinin that binds to its ligand CD4.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Viruses have molecules aing in adhesion of viral cells to the host cells. The influenza virus has adhesion molecules termed hemagglutinin on its surface; it helps in the recognition of sugar sialic ac molecules on the molecules on the host cell surface. HIV has an adhesion molecule called gp120 that binds to the CD4 ligand.

7. Selectins mediate the movement of keratinocytes.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Selectins are a category of specialized CAMs that are involved in transient cell-cell adhesion occurring in the circulatory system. They mainly mediate the movement of the WBCs in the bloodstream by allowing the white blood cells to sle on endothelial cells through reversible bindings of selections.

8. __________ have adhesion molecules on their cell surface termed bacterial adhesins.
A. Prokaryotes
B. Reptiles
C. Birds
D. Humans
Answer: B
Clarification: Prokaryotes have adhesion molecules on their cellular surface termed bacterial adhesins. These adhesins have the ability to recognize a number of ligands present on the host’s cellular surface and also the components in the Extracellular matrix (ECM).

9. Cells have specific CAMs that will bind to molecules in the extracellular matrix.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Cells create ECM by filling the surrounding extracellular space with molecules. Cells have specific CAMs that will bind to molecules in the ECM and link the matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton. These links are termed as cell-matrix junctions.

10. _________ link extracellular matrix to keratin intermediate filaments.
A. Integrins
B. Cadherins
C. Immunoglobulins
D. Selectins
Answer: A
Clarification: In hemesmosomes, integrins attach to ECM proteins called laminins in the basal lamina, which is the ECM secreted by the epithelial cells. Integrins link ECM to keratin intermediate filaments. Hemesmosomes are important in maintaining the structural stability of epithelial cells by anchoring them together indirectly through the extracellular matrix.

11. What type of CAM has been represented in the diagram?

A. Integrins
B. Cadherins
C. Immunoglobulins
D. Selectins
Answer: A
Clarification: Integrins are composed of hetero-dimers of α and β subunits associated non-covalently. In the case of vertebrates there are eighteen α and eight β subunits. These can conform into 24 different receptors along with various properties of subunit binding and tissue distribution.

12. What type of CAM has been represented in the diagram?

A. Integrins
B. Cadherins
C. Immunoglobulins
D. Selectins
Answer: C
Clarification: The members of the immunoglobulin family are characterized by their immunoglobulin fold which is a characteristic trait shared by all of them.

13. In focal adhesions, integrins attach ___________
A. integrins
B. cadherins
C. immunoglobulins
D. selectins
Answer: A
Clarification: In central bonds, integrins join fibronectins, a part in the extracellular network, to actin fibers inse cells. Connector proteins, for example, talins, vinculins, α-actinins and filamins, structure a complex at the intracellular space of integrins and tie to actin fibers. This multi-protein complex connecting integrins to actin fibers is significant for a get together of flagging edifices that go about as a sign for cell development and cell motility.

14. Dysfunction of cell adhesion occurs during cancer metastasis.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Brokenness of cell bond happens during disease metastasis. Loss of cell-cell attachment in metastatic tumor cells enables them to get away from their site of root and spread through the circulatory framework.

15. What is the marked entity in the given diagram?

A. Adhesion protein
B. Enzyme
C. Amino ac
D. Membrane-Lip
Answer: A
Clarification: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of adhesion proteins that are available at the cell membrane surface. It has a binding site that helps in binding with the ligands on the outer surface of the cell.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Answers

Tissue Engineering Questions & Answers for Exams focuses on “Mesenchymal Stem Cells”.

1. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
A. Mesodermal cells
B. Ectodermal cells
C. Endodermal cells
D. Mesenchymal stem cells
Answer: D
Clarification: Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can separate into an assortment of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (ligament cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which offer ascent to marrow fat tissue).

2. Mesenchyme is derived from ___________
A. mesoderm
B. adherent cells
C. ectoderm
D. endoderm
Answer: A
Clarification: Mesenchyme is the embryonic connective tissue that is gotten from the mesoderm and that separates into hematopoietic and connective tissue, though MSCs don’t separate into hematopoietic cells.

3. __________ are connective tissue cells that form the supportive structure in which the functional cells of the tissue rese.
A. Stromal cells
B. Ectodermal cells
C. Endodermal cells
D. Mesenchymal stem cells
Answer: A
Clarification: Mesenchyme is the embryonic connective tissue that is gotten from the mesoderm and that separates into hematopoietic and connective tissue, though MSCs don’t separate into hematopoietic cells.

4. The mesenchymal cells do not have the capacity to reconstitute an entire organ.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The term ‘Mesenchymal undeveloped cells’ envelops multipotent cells gotten from other non-marrow tissues, for example, placenta, umbilical rope blood, fat tissue, grown-up muscle, corneal stroma or the dental mash of decuous infant teeth. The cells don’t have the ability to reconstitute a whole organ.

5. What type of cell has been represented in the given diagram show?

A. Stromal cells
B. Ectodermal cells
C. Endodermal cells
D. Mesenchymal stem cells
Answer: D
Clarification: Mesenchymal stem cells are described morphologically by a little cell body with a couple of cell forms that are long and slender. The cell body contains an enormous, round core with an unmistakable nucleolus, which is encompassed by finely scattered chromatin particles, giving the core a reasonable appearance.

6. The developing tooth bud of the mandibular third molar is a rich source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The developing tooth bud of the mandibular third molar is a rich wellspring of MSCs. While they are portrayed as multipotent, it is conceivable that they are pluripotent. They in the long-run structure lacquer, dentin, veins, dental mash, and sensory tissues. These undeveloped cells are equipped for creating hepatocytes.

7. The youngest and most primitive MSCs may be obtained from umbilical cord tissue.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The youngest and most crude MSCs might be gotten from umbilical string tissue, to be specific Wharton’s jam and the umbilical rope blood. Notwithstanding, MSCs are found in a lot higher focus in the Wharton’s jam contrasted with rope blood, which is a rich wellspring of hematopoietic undeveloped cells.

8. Stem cells are present in amniotic flu.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Stem cells are available in amniotic liqu. Upwards of 1 of every 100 cells gathered during amniocentesis are pluripotent mesenchymal foundational microorganisms.

9. _________________ is the most frequently utilized source of Mesenchymal stem cells.
A. Adrenal glands
B. Bone Marrow
C. Brain
D. Kney
Answer: B
Clarification: Bone marrow was the first wellspring of MSCs, and still is the most as often as possible used. These bone marrow immature microorganisms don’t add to the arrangement of platelets thus don’t express the hematopoietic undifferentiated cell marker CD34. They are here and there alluded to as bone marrow stromal undeveloped cells.

10. MSCs possess antipyretic properties.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: MSCs have antimicrobial properties. MSCs can create antimicrobial peptes (AMPs). These incorporate human cathelicin LL-37, β-defensins, lipocalin 2 and hepcin. MSCs adequately decline the number of settlements of both gram-negative and gram-positive microbes by the generation of these AMPs. What’s more, a similar antimicrobial impact of the chemical O created by MSCs was found.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Bioreactors for Musculoskeleton Tissue Engineering and Answers

Tissue Engineering Questions and Answers for Entrance exams focuses on “Bioreactors for Musculoskeleton Tissue Engineering”.

1. Sun et al. successfully used an RWV system to establish an in vitro tooth germ culture model.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Sun et al. effectively utilized an RWV framework to build up an in vitro tooth germ culture model. They saw that tooth germs kept up their commonplace spatial shape both during and after the way of life. Following 6 days of culture, the thick layers of polish and dentin developed on the refined tooth.

2. In traditional ________ bioreactors, cell-laden scaffolds float in the medium while the vessel wall rotates.
A. rotating wall vessel
B. perfusion
C. photo
D. aerobic
Answer: A
Clarification: In conventional RWV bioreactors, cell-loaded frameworks skim in the medium while the vessel diver pivots. An option bioreactor is the turning bed framework (RBS). In this framework, the platforms are fixed on a pole that turns in a half-filled culture vessel.

3. _________ spectroscopy depends on the association of an outse field with the electric dipole moment of the specimen, generally indicated by the permittivity.
A. Dielectric
B. Capacitor
C. Transducer
D. Electrochemical
Answer: A
Clarification: Dielectric spectroscopy estimates the dielectric properties of a medium as an element of recurrence. It depends on the association of an outse field with the electric dipole moment of the specimen, generally indicated by the permittivity. It is likewise a test strategy for portraying electrochemical frameworks.

4. Rotating Wall vessel bioreactors are wely used for Cartilage Tissue Engineering because they prove a favorable Hydrodynamic environment for cartilage differentiation.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: RWV bioreactors have been broadly utilized for ligament TE since they give a good hydrodynamic condition to ligament separation and skeletal muscle tissue recovery. A cell suspension of separated chondrocytes was seeded in an RWV with no platform support. Following 90 days, the scientists got a 3D ligament-like tissue typified by sinewy tissue looking like the perichondrium.

5. For cartilage TE, spinner-flask bioreactors have been used to recreate the in vivo physicochemical conditions of cartilage development.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: For cartilage TE, spinner-carafe bioreactors have been utilized to reproduce the in vivo physicochemical states of ligament advancement. For instance, Liu et al. created the trachea ligament unite in vitro utilizing hare MSCs and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic corrosive) (PLGA. platform in a spinner-flagon bioreactor.

6. Osteogenesis is higher when using spinner-flask bioreactors compared to when using Rotating Wall Vessel bioreactors.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Osteogenesis is higher when utilizing spinner-flagon bioreactors contrasted with when utilizing RWVs. Rodent MSCs were developed on biodegradable platforms under static and dynamic (spinner flagon and RWV) conditions. Following 21 days of culture, the creators watched higher basic phosphatase (ALP) action and osteocalcin discharge with the spinner-flagon bioreactor contrasted with RWV.

7. Most studies on perfusion bioreactors have focused on the construction of small-sized, engineered bone tissues.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Most investigations on perfusion bioreactors have concentrated on the development of little measured, designed bone tissues. Creature models were additionally created to look at bone tissue fix [258–260] on the grounds that the bone organization and physiology of pig, goat, sheep, and pooch are like those of people. For enormous scale generation of bone tissues, the generally utilized bioreactors have a few restrictions; in any case, there are some perfusion frameworks that empower refined huge size tissue develops.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Cell Migration and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Cell Migration”.

1. The cell’s directed movement as a response to a mechanical or/and chemical signal is termed as ______________
A. cell adhesion
B. cell death
C. cell division
D. cell migration
Answer: D
Clarification: The cell’s directed movement as a response to a mechanical or/and chemical signal is termed as cell migration. Cell migration is a primary cellular process occurring lifelong, it starts during the embryonic development and continues till death, and sometimes it could be the reason for certain pathogenic states while a disease takes place.

2. What is shown in the following diagram?

A. Actin polymerization
B. Keratin polymerization
C. Collagen polymerization
D. Fiber contraction
Answer: A
Clarification: Experiments have shown that rap actin polymerization happens at the front edge of the cell. This observation led to the hypothesis that actin filaments are formed by “pushing” the leading edge in the forward direction.

3. What is shown in the following diagram?

A. Endocytosis
B. Division
C. Apoptosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: D
Clarification: Actin filaments formed might help in the stabilization of the added membrane which is followed by a structured extension instead of a bubble-like structure at its front. For the cell to move a new set of CAMs (integrins) is required at the front. It is likely that these integrins are endocytosed toward the back end and brought to the cell’s front end by exocytosis to be reused as new attachments for the substrate.

4. Migrating cells possess photoluminescence.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Cells that move have a front and back polarity. Without this polarity, they would be moving in all the directions in one go.

5. Adhesive crawling is the only migration mode exhibited in eukaryotic cells.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Adhesive crawling is not the only migration mode exhibited by eukaryotic cells. Even metastatic cancer cells and immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils are capable of migration independent of adhesion.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Hematopoietic Stem Cells”.

1. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells.
A. Mesodermal cells
B. Ectodermal cells
C. Endodermal cells
D. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
Answer: D
Clarification: In hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are stem cells offering ascent to other platelets.

2. What does the following diagram depict?

A. Hematopoiesis
B. Meiosis
C. Thrombocytosis
D. Hydrolysis
Answer: A
Clarification: Hematopoiesis is the procedure by which all full-grown platelets are delivered. In vertebrates, most by far of hematopoiesis happens in the bone marrow and is gotten from a predetermined number of hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and fit for broad self-reestablishment.

3. Which of the following are not myelo cells?
A. Macrophages
B. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. T cells
Answer: A
Clarification: Macrophages, Monocyte, and neutrophils are myelo cells. T cells are a type of lympho cells.

4. Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to different types of blood cells, in lines called myelo and lympho.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Hematopoietic stem cells offer ascent to various sorts of platelets, in lines called myelo and lympho. Myelo and lympho genealogies both are engaged with dendritic cell development. Myelo cells incorporate monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes to platelets. Lympho cells incorporate T cells, B cells, and characteristic executioner cells.

5. Which of the following are not lympho cells?
A. T cells
B. B cells
C. Natural killer cells
D. Megakaryocytes
Answer: A
Clarification: T cells, B cells, and Natural killer cells are different types of lympho cells. Megakaryocytes are a type of myelo cells.

6. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the lungs of adults.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow of grown-ups, particularly in the pelvis, femur, and sternum. They are likewise found in umbilical cord blood and, in little numbers, in peripheral blood.

7. Hematopoietic stem cells cannot be isolated as a pure population.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Hematopoietic stem cells can’t be disconnected as an unadulterated populace, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to recognize them in a microscope. Hematopoietic undifferentiated organisms can be distinguished or disengaged by the utilization of stream cytometry where the blend of a few distinctive cell surface markers (especially CD34) are utilized to isolate the uncommon Hematopoietic undeveloped cells from the encompassing platelets.

8. Hematopoietic stem cells lack the expression of mature blood cell markers.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Hematopoietic stem cells need articulation to develop platelet markers and are in this manner, called Lin. The absence of articulation of ancestry markers is utilized in mix with the location of a few positive cell-surface markers to separate Hematopoietic stem cells.

9. Hematopoietic stem cells, like all adult stem cells, mostly exist in a state of ____________ or reversible growth arrest.
A. Peace
B. Calmness
C. Mindfulness
D. Quiescence
Answer: D
Clarification: Hematopoietic stem cells, similar to all grown-up foundational microorganisms, generally exist in a condition of peacefulness, or reversible development capture. The adjusted digestion of quiet HCSs enables the cells to make due for broadened timeframes in the hypoxic bone marrow condition.

10. ____________ strand breaks accumulate in long term Hematopoietic stem cells during aging.
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Collagen
D. Pepte
Answer: A
Clarification: DNA strand breaks collect in long haul Hematopoietic stem cells during aging. This aggregation is related to an expansive weakening of DNA fix and reaction pathways that relies upon HSC peacefulness. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that fixes twofold strand breaks in DNA.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Bioreactors for Neural Tissue Engineering and Answers

Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Bioreactors for Neural Tissue Engineering”.

1. RWV bioreactors have been wely used for the expansion, characterization, and neural differentiation of stem cells.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: RWV bioreactors have been broadly utilized for the development, portrayal, and neural separation of undifferentiated organisms. For instance, Chen et al. showed that reproduced microgravity can improve the separation of rodent MSCs into neurons following 3 days of culture.

2. Stirred bioreactors have also been employed to promote neural differentiation using microcarriers as scaffolds or in suspension culture (cell aggregates).
A. Microcarriers
B. Bullets
C. Steros
D. Capsules
Answer: A
Clarification: Mixed bioreactors have likewise been utilized to advance neural separation utilizing microcarriers as frameworks or in suspension culture (cell totals). For instance, Liu et al. created microcarriers of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to improve the expansion and neural separation of murine ESCs.

3. Hollow fiber and perfusion systems have been wely used in the generation of in vitro models and also in drug screening.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Empty fiber and perfusion frameworks have been broadly utilized in the age of in vitro models and furthermore in medication screening. The blood-brain barrier (BBB. goes about as a resistance boundary (both physical and metaboliC. between fundamental dissemination and the CNS. HFBs have been created to recover BBB in vitro.

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