Khadir or Khadar are the low-lying areas, also called Nali or Naili. Khadar areas are vulnerable to floods and often have parts of former river beds that were made available for cultivation when the course of a river changes. It is sticky and retentive with moisture when wet.
Khadir formation is composed of fresh alluvial soil that is comparatively higher in the river’s new silt content, is topped up with every flood cycle, as well as is very fertile.
In northern Haryana, which is the abundant prairie tract between both the Ghaggar river and the southern limits of the depression of the Saraswati canal, the Khadir is also called Nali. According to the khadar map, these regions get flooded during the rains.
Khadar and Bangur
In the Indo-Gangetic regions of North India and Pakistan, Khadar basha and Bangur are words being used in Hindi, Punjabi, Sindhi, and Urdu to understand the two different kinds of river plains and alluvial soils. In the Doab areas, the areas of Bangur and Kadir are commonly found. Some villagers may have both the areas of Khadar as well as Bangar under their annual limit.
Difference Between Khadar and Bangur
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Khadar |
Bangur |
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The Khadar soils tend to exist in the lower regions of the valley. The bottom of a valley is found to be flooded each year. |
The Bhangar soils exist in the upper reaches, approximately 30m far above the level of flood. |
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The texture of these soils is smoother. |
These kinds of soils are found to be coarser in texture. |
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The Khadar soils are much more fertile as they are located almost annually in the low lying areas of the base of a valley that are flooded. |
As these are located on the upper reaches, approximately 30m above the flood stage, these soils are far less fertile. |
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This is a kind of lowland formed up of old alluvium. |
This is a kind of highland formed up of old alluvium. |
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It is highly suitable for intensive cultivation. |
It is unsuitable for cultivation. |
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It is also called pet in the regions of Punjab. |
It is also called dhaya in the regions of Punjab. |
Khadar
Khadir or Khadar also known as Nali or Naili are low-lying lands that are river floodplains and are often narrower than unflooded bangar zones. Flood-prone Khadar lands occasionally include portions of old river beds that became usable for agriculture after a river changed channel. When wet, it retains moisture and becomes sticky. Khadir soil is made up of newly deposited alluvial soil with a greater fresh silt content from the river, which is renewed with each flooding cycle and is frequently quite fruitful.
The lush prairie tract between the Ghaggar river and the southern boundaries of the Saraswati channel depression, which floods during the rains, is known as the Khadir or Nali in northern Haryana. Khadar is an alluvial soil that can be found all throughout the floodplains.
Khadar refers to low-lying portions of a river floodplain that are often narrower than unflooded bangar sections. When the channel of a river changes, segments of former river beds that were once viable for farming become vulnerable to floods in Khadar regions. Old alluvial soils such as khadar have often been subject to changes in climate during their development. This is particularly the case in areas that have existed as alluvial valleys or basins for hundreds of thousands to millions of years
Khadar is more prolific than bangar and is nearly regenerated every year. Because the Indo-Gangetic plains are divided into doabs (zones between two rivers) by a slew of Himalayan rivers, the Indo-Gangetic plains are made up of alternating rivers, khadir, and bangar regions. The doabs’ centres are made up of bangar, while the peripheries, which line the rivers, are made up of khadir. Old alluvium is called Bhangar. It contains calcareous deposits locally known as ‘Kankar’.
Soil is not very fertile. And hence not suitable for agriculture. Newer alluvium is called Khadar. It contains new alluvium. Used extensively for agriculture. Has no calcareous deposits. It has a lighter colour, a sandier texture, and is more porous. Near the riverbeds, this creature was discovered. Almost every year, a new layer of alluvium is deposited by river flooding. As a result, they are the Ganges’ most fertile soils. The Khadar-rich flood plains of Punjab are referred to as ‘Betlands’ or ‘Bets’ by locals. The rivers in the Punjab-Haryana plains have large Khadar floodplains surrounded by bluffs known locally as Dhayas. These bluffs reach heights of up to 3 meters.