Bioprocess Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Bioreactors”.
1. The stem cells are differentiated cells.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation: A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell capable of continuous self-renewal that can also produce large numbers of differentiated progeny, depending on extracellular factors.
2. Hematopoietic stem cells are derived from __________
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Epiderm
Answer: C
Explanation: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to blood cells through the process of haematopoiesis. They are derived from mesoderm and located in the red bone marrow, which is contained in the core of most bones.
3. All stem cells are hematopoietic.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation: These non-hematopoietic stem cells make up a small proportion of the stromal cell population in the bone marrow and can generate bone, cartilage, and fat cells that support the formation of blood and fibrous connective tissue.
4. Lymphoreticular systems does not include immune defense.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation: The lymphoreticular system consists of the spleen, lymphnodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, and bone marrow. The functions of these systems include immune defense, transport of fats throughout the body, and collection and transport of interstitial fluid (the fluid bathing the cells) back to the circulatory system.
5. Extraction of stem cells is ethical.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation: The key ethical issues concern the destruction of human embryos for stem cell derivation. On the grounds that the human embryo is a human life with moral value justifying its protection, the extraction of embryonic stem cells is unethical.
6. What is correct according to typical cells?
A. Cancerous
B. Non-cancerous
C. Dysplasia condition
D. Normal
Answer: A
Explanation: This might cause you to worry that this means cancer, but atypical cells aren’t necessarily cancerous. The presence of atypical cells is sometimes referred to as “dysplasia.” Many factors can make normal cells appear atypical, including inflammation and infection. Even normal aging can make cells appear abnormal.
7. What do you mean by Coculture?
A. Same types of cells
B. Same types of tissues
C. Same growth medium
D. Different growth medium
Answer: C
Explanation: The act or process of culturing two types of cells or tissue in the same medium.
8. Which of the following type of reactor mimics structure like in bone?
A. Fluidized bed reactors
B. Flatbed reactors
C. Hollow fiber reactors
D. Modified T-Flask
Answer: A
Explanation: Fluidized bed reactors with macroporous supports mimic structures much like that in bone. However, there are challenges in controlling surface chemistry and maintaining the appropriate mix of cell types. Cell sampling and control of reactor conditions can be problematic.
9. Spheroid cultures are:
A. 1-D cell model
B. 2-D cell model
C. 3-D cell model
D. Dimensionless
Answer: C
Explanation: Spheroids are a type of three-dimensional cell modeling that better simulate a live cell’s environmental conditions compared to a two-dimensional cell model, specifically with the reactions between cells and the reactions between cells and the matrix. Spheroids are useful in the study of changing physiological characteristics of cells, the difference in the structure of healthy cells and tumor cells, and the changes cells undergo when forming a tumor.
10. What does “T” refers to in Tissue culture flask (T-Flask)?
A. Total volume of the flask
B. Total weight of the flask
C. Total surface area of the flask
D. Total mass of the flask
Answer: C
Explanation: The “T” referred to the total surface area of the flask that was available for cell growth: thus a T-25 flask had a 25cm2 growth area. By the 1960s, straight neck T-flasks was available molded from polystyrene that was treated to enhance cell attachment.
11. What do you mean by Extracorporeal?
A. Outer layer of the tissue
B. Outside of the body
C. Inner layer of the tissue
D. Inside of the body
Answer: b
Explanation: An extracorporeal is a medical procedure which is performed outside the body.
12. Which type of reactor is used to mimic the liver as artificial liver?
A. Fluidized bed reactors
B. Flatbed reactors
C. Hollow fiber reactors
D. Modified T-Flask
Answer: C
Explanation: An extracorporeal device to serve as temporary assist device is realistic (such a system is in clinical trials). A promising design is a hollow-fiber system using porcine (pig) hepatocytes. Such cells are relatively easy to obtain in large quantities and maintain a satisfactory level of differentiated cellular activity in regard to detoxification. A disadvantage is due to limited lifespan (and proliferative ability).
13. What is the fullform of BAL?
A. Bioarticulate liver device
B. Bioartificial liver device
C. Bioaesthetic liver device
D. Bioaseptic liver device
Answer: B
Explanation: A bioartificial liver device (BAL) is an artificial extracorporeal supportive device for an individual who is suffering from acute liver failure.
14. Liver is regenerated naturally.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Explanation: Living-Donor Liver Transplants. Because your liver grows back, you can actually donate a piece of your liver to someone else. After surgery, your liver will regenerate back to its full size. The other person’s new liver will grow back as well, leaving both people with healthy, functioning livers.
15. Which one is not correct according to the function of liver?
A. Detoxifies chemical
B. Metabolizes drugs
C. Proteins related to blood clotting
D. Proteins not related to blood clotting
Answer: D
Explanation: The liver has two large sections, called the right and the left lobes. The liver also detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines. The liver also makes proteins important for blood clotting and other functions.