Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Ecosystem Services”.
1. What is the base for economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services?
a) Unhealthy ecosystem
b) Healthy ecosystem
c) Bad ecosystem
d) Convergent ecosystem
Answer: b
Clarification: The organizational level before biomes and after the population is called an ecosystem. An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact within a system. The base for economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services is a healthy ecosystem.
2. What are the products of ecosystem processes named?
a) Ecological services
b) Ecological succession
c) Ecological issues
d) Ecological cycle
Answer: a
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. The purified air and water, nutrients cycles, generation of fertile soil, providing habitat, maintaining biodiversity, providing storage sites for various minerals, etc. are the services provided by the healthy forest ecosystems.
3. Which of the following ecosystem helps in the pollination of crops?
a) Unfit ecosystem
b) Healthy ecosystem
c) Bad ecosystem
d) Unhealthy ecosystem
Answer: b
Clarification: The healthy forest ecosystems help in the pollination of crops. It is the ecological service that is the product of ecosystem processes. Healthy ecosystems also provide aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values.
4. Who has very recently tried to put price tags on nature’s life-support services?
a) Rudolf Virchow and his colleagues
b) Gregor Mendel and his colleagues
c) Robert Brown and his colleagues
d) Robert Constanza and his colleagues
Answer: d
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. It is thought that biodiversity carries a hefty price tag. The action of putting price tags on nature’s life-support services was recently done by Robert Constanza and his colleagues.
5. According to the researchers, what is the average price tag of these fundamental ecosystem services?
a) US $ 300 trillion a year
b) US $ 33 trillion a year
c) US $ 5 trillion a year
d) US $ 1000 trillion a year
Answer: c
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. It is thought that biodiversity carries a hefty price tag. According to the researchers, the average price tag of these fundamental ecosystem services is the US $ 33 trillion a year.
6. Why are the fundamental ecosystems services largely taken for granted?
a) Because they are expensive
b) Because they are free
c) Because they are exploited
d) Because they are highly-priced
Answer: b
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. The base for economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services is a healthy ecosystem. Since these services are free they are highly taken for granted.
7. Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, how much is the cost of the soil formation?
a) 2 percent
b) 90 percent
c) 70 percent
d) 50 percent
Answer: d
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. It is thought that biodiversity carries a hefty price tag. Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, a 50 percent cost is required for soil formation.
8. Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, how much is the cost of recreation and nutrient cycling?
a) 50 %
b) 88 %
c) > 10 %
d) < 20 %
Answer: c
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. It is thought that biodiversity carries a hefty price tag. Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, less than 10 percent is the cost of recreation and nutrient cycling.
9. Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, how much is the cost of climate regulation and habitat for wildlife?
a) 20 % each
b) 10 % each
c) 50 % each
d) 6 % each
Answer: d
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. It is thought that biodiversity carries a hefty price tag. Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, the cost of climate regulation and habitat for wildlife is 6 % each.
10. Which of the following are ecological services?
a) O2 fixation, CO2 release, and pollution
b) Nitrogen fixation and pollution
c) CO2 fixation, O2 release, and pollination
d) CO2 fixation, fertilization, and the release of sodium
Answer: c
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. The base for economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services is a healthy ecosystem. CO2 fixation, O2 release, and pollination are some of them.
11. How do green plants fix CO2?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Fertilization
d) Pollination
Answer: b
Clarification: Photosynthesis is a process in which producers (green plants) in the presence of CO2, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll yield energy and oxygen is released in the form of gas. The green plants utilize atmospheric CO2 and release O2 which is utilized by other organisms.
12. What is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
a) CO2
b) NH4
c) O2
d) H2
Answer: c
Clarification: Photosynthesis is a process in which producers (green plants) in the presence of CO2, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll yield energy and oxygen is released in the form of gas. The green plants utilize atmospheric CO2 and release O2 which is utilized by other organisms.
13. Which of the following statement is correct about pollination?
a) The wind is not an agent of pollination
b) Insects can’t pollinate
c) Fruit formation occurs after pollination
d) Fertilization occurs before pollination
Answer: b
Clarification: The act of transfer of pollen grains from the male (part) anther to a female part (stigma) of a plant is known as pollination. After successful pollination, the process of fertilization occurs which leads to the formation of fruits and seeds.
14. Which of the following shows a one-way passage in an ecosystem?
a) Potassium
b) Carbon
c) Phosphorous
d) Free energy
Answer: d
Clarification: The movement of energy from the higher trophic levels and its distribution and loss as heat to the lower trophic levels in the environment is unidirectional. It means the energy moves in one direction only that is from higher to the lower-most level.
15. Whose work is to protect the land from floods, remove sediments and other pollutants and recharge groundwater?
a) Wetlands
b) Oceans
c) Rivers
d) Forests
Answer: a
Clarification: The formation of the wetland is a part of ecosystem service. Wetland is a type of ecosystem that is covered by water. The wetlands protect the land from floods, helps in the removal of sediments and other pollutants and recharge the groundwater.
16. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a) Forest ecosystem helps in gaseous balance
b) Forest ecosystem helps in pollination
c) Forest ecosystem leads to the extinction of all organisms
d) Forest ecosystem prevents drought and floods
Answer: c
Clarification: Ecological services are said to be the products of ecosystem processes. They are the base for economic, environmental, and aesthetic goods and services for a healthy ecosystem. The forest ecosystem is essential for the survival of species.