Optical Communications Multiple Choice Questions on “Integrated Optics and Photonics Technologies”.
1. Integrated technology for optical devices are developed within optical fiber communication.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Integration of optical devices enable fabrication of the whole system onto a single chip. Integration of such devices has become a confluence of several optical terms.
2. When both active and passive devices are integrated on a single chip, in multilayered form, then these devices are known as _____________
a) IP devices
b) IO devices
c) Wavelength converters
d) Optical parametric amplifiers
Answer: a
Explanation: IP technology enables fabrication of subsystems and systems. This is all realized on a single substrate. The integration on a single chip is done in IP technology.
3. _________ is a further enhancement of ________
a) IP, IO
b) IO, IP
c) IO, wavelength converters
d) IP, wavelength converters
Answer: a
Explanation: IP seems to be a miniaturization process and integration of optical systems on a single chip. IO devices are formed when both active and passive elements are interconnected. Thus, IP is a developed version of IO.
4. Thin transparent dielectric layers on planar substrates are used in _________ and ______ devices.
a) Wavelength converters and amplification devices
b) IP and IO
c) IP and wavelength converters
d) IO and amplification devices
Answer: b
Explanation: IP and IO provide an alternative to conversion of optical signal back to electrical signal. Thin transparent dielectric layers act as optical waveguides to produce small-scale and miniature circuits.
5. __________ did not make significant contribution to earlier optical fiber systems.
a) IO
b) IP
c) Wavelength amplifiers
d) Couplers
Answer: a
Explanation: IO is based on single mode optical waveguides. Thus it is incompatible with multimode fiber systems. Thus, IO has less importance than IP.
6. Side or edge-emitting or conducting optical devices cannot be integrated on same substrate.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In serial integration of device, different elements of optical chip can be interconnected in a consecutive manner. Thus, integration of side or edge emitting optical devices can be done on a single substrate.
7. Hybrid ________ integration demands _________ IP circuits to be produced on a single substrate.
a) IP, single-layered
b) IO, multilayered
c) IP, multilayered
d) IO, multilayered
Answer: c
Explanation: To gain control of optical signals, elements can be directly attached to IP circuit. Both active and passive devices should be on the same substrate. To make devices compatible with 3d structures of other IP/IO devices, hybrid IP integration demands multilayered IP circuits.
8. Using SOI integration technique __________ components can be coupled to IP devices.
a) Passive
b) Layered
c) Demounted
d) Active
Answer: d
Explanation: SOI is used to produce micro-waveguide bends and couplers thereby maintaining compatibility with silicon fabrication techniques. Thus, active components like optical sources, detectors can be coupled to other IP devices using SOI technique.
9. Who invented the IO technology?
a) Albert Einstein
b) Anderson
c) M.S Clarke
d) Robert
Answer: b
Explanation: The birth of IO can be traced back to the basic ideas outlined by Anderson in 1966. He suggested the micro-fabrication technology which in turn led to the term integrated optics in 1969.
10. Electronic circuits have a practical limitation on speed of operation at a frequency of around _________
a) 1010Hz
b) 1012Hz
c) 1014Hz
d) 1011Hz
Answer: a
Explanation: The speed of operation of electronic devices or circuits results from their use of metallic conductors to transport electronic charges and build up signals. It has a limitation to speed of operation of frequency around 1010Hz.
11. The use of light as an electromagnetic wave of high frequency provides high speed operation around ____________ times the conceivable employing electronic circuits.
a) 108Hz
b) 105Hz
c) 106Hz
d) 104Hz
Answer: d
Explanation: The use of light with its property as an electromagnetic wave offers the possibility of high speed operation. For this, the frequency should be high as 1014to 1015Hz.
12. How many layers are possessed by waveguide structures of silica-on-silicon(SOS)?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) One
Answer: b
Explanation: The SOS is a part of IP technology. The waveguide structures provided by it comprises of three layers. They are buffer, the core and the cladding.
13. The ________________ is a versatile solution-based technique for making ceramic and glass materials.
a) SOL gel process
b) SSL gel process
c) SDL gel process
d) SAML gel process
Answer: a
Explanation: The SOL gel process involves the transition of system from a liquid to a gel. The SOL gel process along with SOS technique is used for the fabrication of ceramic fibers, film coatings and waveguide based optical amplifiers.
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