Energy & Environment Management Multiple Choice Questions on “Public Policy and PILs”.
1. Which one of the following issues Environmental Policy is mainly concerned?
a) Political issues
b) Crime issues
c) Environmental issues
d) Personal issues
Answer: c
Clarification: Environmental Policy mainly concerns with environmental issues. These issues include air and water pollution, waste management, maintenance of biodiversity, waste management, the protection of wildlife and endangered species.
2. When did Indian Forest Act established?
a) 1911
b) 1914
c) 1925
d) 1927
Answer: d
Clarification: Indian Forest Act is established in 1927 under British rule. Under this Act developed procedures for setting up and protection of forests which are reserved, protected forests and village forests are the protected area.
3. In 1972 which Act formed in India to protect the wildlife of India?
a) Indian Forest Act
b) Wildlife Protection Act
c) Environmental Act
d) Natural Protection Act
Answer: b
Clarification: Wildlife Protection Act was established in 1972 in India to protect the wildlife. Apart from this, there are many things this Act looks like formalization of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservational reserves and community reserves.
4. Which is the only state in India where Wildlife protection Act, 1972 not applicable?
a) Karnataka
b) Jammu and Kashmir
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Kerala
Answer: b
Clarification: Wildlife Protection Act provides for the protection of wildlife animals, birds and plants. This Act extends to whole of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir which has its own wildlife act known as “The Jammu and Kashmir Wildlife Act”.
5. Under which domain 7th five year plan helped in the protection of environment?
a) Environment Protection Act, 1986
b) Indian Forest Act, 1927
c) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
d) National Forest Policy, 1988
Answer: a
Clarification: Under the domain of Environmental Protection Act, 1986 7th five year plan helped in the protection of environment. It is a legislation which signifies the central governments determination to take effective steps to protect the environment.
6. PIL helps the environmental NGOs and social activists to file number of cases for the effective enforcement of environmental laws.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: PIL helps in the protecting citizen’s right to healthy environment. The Supreme Court of India has not only ensured fundamental right of citizen to healthy environment but also has contributed immensely to the evolution of new principles in environmental jurisprudence.
7. What is the full form of PIL?
a) Private Interest Litigation
b) Public Interest Limited
c) Public Interest Litigation
d) Public Initiative Litigation
Answer: c
Clarification: Public Interest Litigation is directly filed by an individual or group of people in the Supreme Court. It is a new legal horizon in which court of law can initiate and enforce action to serve and secure significant public interest.
8. When did Wildlife Conservation Strategy established?
a) 2000
b) 2001
c) 2002
d) 2003
Answer: c
Clarification: Wildlife Conservation Strategy established in 2002. According to this policy wildlife and forests shall be declared priority sector at the national level for which funds be earmarked and it also deals with no commercial mono-culture to replace natural forests.
9. To which government the Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency?
a) To the State Government
b) To the Central Government
c) To United Nations
d) To Union Territories
Answer: b
Clarification: The Ministry Of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the Central Government. It works for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programs.
10. When did the “Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution” adopted?
a) 1990
b) 1991
c) 1992
d) 1993
Answer: c
Clarification: The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution adopted in 1992. The objective is to integrate environmental considerations into decision-making at all levels. To achieve these steps to be taken to prevent pollution at source, encourage, develop and apply the best available practicable technical solutions.
11. Who adopted the technique of public interest litigation for the cause of environmental protection in many cases in India?
a) Indian Parliament
b) Indian Army
c) Indian Civil Services
d) Indian judiciary
Answer: d
Clarification: The Indian judiciary adopted the technique of public interest litigation for the cause of environmental protection in many cases. The Supreme Court & High Courts shaded the inhibitions against refusing strangers to present the petitions on behalf of poor and ignorant individuals.
12. What is the result of PIL that is applied in Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra vs. State of U.P?
a) The Supreme Court prohibited the continuance of mining operations
b) The Supreme Court allows continuance of mining operations
c) The Supreme Court withheld the judgment to 2020
d) The Supreme Court asked the opinion of Central Government
Answer: a
Clarification: In the area of environmental protection, PIL has proved to be an effective tool. In Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra vs. State of Uttar Pradesh. The Supreme Court prohibited the continuance of mining operations terming it to be adversely affecting the environment.
13. The decision of the Supreme Court in the PIL of Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar is _______________
a) Approved
b) Denied
c) Pending
d) Formed jury panel
Answer: b
Clarification: The judiciary has used the tool of PIL quite effectively for the cause of environmental protection. But the judiciary has shown wisdom in denying false petitions seeking to advance private interests through PIL as evident from the decision of the Supreme Court in Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar.
14. PIL can be filed against individuals also.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: PIL can be filed against government only. A PIL may be filed against state government, central government, municipal authority not any private party. But, private person may be included in PIL as Respondent, after concerned of state authority.