Artificial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions on “Resolution”.
1. Which is a refutation complete inference procedure for propositional logic?
a) Clauses
b) Variables
c) Propositional resolution
d) Proposition
Answer: c
Clarification: Propositional resolution is a refutation complete inference procedure for propositional logic.
2. What kind of clauses are available in Conjunctive Normal Form?
a) Disjunction of literals
b) Disjunction of variables
c) Conjunction of literals
d) Conjunction of variables
Answer: a
Clarification: First-order resolution requires the clause to be in disjunction of literals in Conjunctive Normal Form.
3. What is the condition of literals in variables?
a) Existentially quantified
b) Universally quantified
c) Quantified
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Literals that contain variables are assumed to be universally quantified.
4. Which can be converted to inferred equivalent CNF sentence?
a) Every sentence of propositional logic
b) Every sentence of inference
c) Every sentence of first-order logic
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: Every sentence of first-order logic can be converted to inferred equivalent CNF sentence.
5. Which sentence will be unsatisfiable if the CNF sentence is unsatisfiable?
a) Search statement
b) Reading statement
c) Replaced statement
d) Original statement
Answer: d
Clarification: The CNF statement will be unsatisfiable just when the original sentence is unsatisfiable.
6. Which rule is equal to the resolution rule of first-order clauses?
a) Propositional resolution rule
b) Inference rule
c) Resolution rule
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: The resolution rule for first-order clauses is simply a lifted version of the propositional resolution rule.
7. At which state does the propositional literals are complementary?
a) If one variable is less
b) If one is the negation of the other
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Propositional literals are complementary if one is the negation of the other.
8. What is meant by factoring?
a) Removal of redundant variable
b) Removal of redundant literal
c) Addition of redundant literal
d) Addition of redundant variable
Answer: b
Clarification: None.
9. What will happen if two literals are identical?
a) Remains the same
b) Added as three
c) Reduced to one
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: Propositional factoring reduces two literals to one if they are identical.
10. When the resolution is called as refutation-complete?
a) Sentence is satisfiable
b) Sentence is unsatisfiable
c) Sentence remains the same
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Resolution is refutation-complete, if a set of sentence is unsatisfiable, then resolution will always be able to derive a contradiction.