Vector Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Vectors for Plants – 1”.
1. When were the cloning vectors for plants developed?
A. 1900
B. 1980
A. 2000
D. 1910
Answer: B
Clarification: The cloning vectors for plants were first developed in the 1980s and their use has led to the genetically modified crops.
2. Vectors based on naturally occurring ____________ of Agrobacterium are used in plants.
A. Plasmids
B. Phages
A. Cos sites
D. Chromosome
Answer: A
Clarification: Three types of vector systems with varying degrees of success are used in plants. One of them is vectors based on naturally occurring plasmids of Agrobacterium.
3. What is Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
A. Plant species
B. Plant virus
A. Soil microorganism
D. Fertilizer
Answer: C
Clarification: Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil micro-organism that causes crown gall disease in many species of dicotyledonous plants.
4. Which disease is caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
A. Crown gall
B. Carcinoma
A. Angiogenesis
D. Fungal infection
Answer: A
Clarification: Crown gall occurs when a wound on the stem allows A. Tumefaciens bacteria to invade the plant. After the infection bacteria causes a cancerous proliferation of the stem tissue in the region of the crown.
5. The ability to cause crown gall disease is associated with the presence of __________ within the bacterial cell.
A. Plasmid
B. Origin
A. Replication sites
D. Polymerase
Answer: A
Clarification: The tumor inducing plasmid present in the bacterial cell of agrobacterium tumefaciens is responsible for causing the crown gall disease.
6. What is the size of the Ti plasmid?
A. 10 kb
B. 100 kb
A. 20 kb
D. 200 kb
Answer: D
Clarification: The Ti plasmid is a large plasmid of 200 kb size or greater. It carries numerous genes involved in the infective process.
7. A remarkable feature of the Ti plasmid is that after infection a part of the molecule is integrated into plant chromosomal DNA.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Clarification: The part of the Ti plasmid that gets integrated into the plant chromosome after infection is called the T-DNA or the transfer DNA.
8. What is the size range of T-DNA?
A. 15 and 30 kb
B. 5 and 10 kb
A. 50 and 100 kb
D. 1 and 5 kb
Answer: A
Clarification: The size range of T-DNA is between 15 and 30 kb depending upon the strain of bacteria. The whole of this region is integrated into a host chromosome.
9. The T-DNA is maintained in ______ form in the plant.
A. Stable
B. Unstable
A. Integrated
D. Loosely bound
Answer: A
Clarification: The T-DNA after infection and transfer to the host chromosome remains in the plant in a stable form and is passed to the daughter cells after each cell division.
10. What is the special feature of T-DNA?
A. Expression of unusual genes
B. Repression of unusual genes
A. Cell proliferation
D. Cell death
Answer: A
Clarification: The T-DNA contains eight or so genes that are expressed in the plant cell and are responsible for cancerous properties of the transformed cells.
11. What are the plant host cells that contain T-DNA called?
A. Infected
B. Attacked
A. Transformed
D. Transfected
Answer: C
Clarification: When the T-DNA from Ti plasmid present inside the bacterial cell Agrobacterium tumefaciens is transferred to the chromosome of the plant host, the host cells are called transformed.
12. What are opines?
A. Bacterial nutrients
B. Plant nutrients
A. Telomere sites
D. T-DNA ends
Answer: A
Clarification: The genes present on the T-DNA fragment direct the synthesis of unusual compounds called opines, that the bacteria use as nutrients.
13. What is the binary vector strategy used for?
A. Vector insertion into host
B. Insertion of new DNA
A. Manipulation of vector
D. Manipulation of host
Answer: B
Clarification: Due to the big size of Ti plasmid it is extremely difficult to find a unique restriction site. Novel strategies are hence used for the insertion of foreign DNA in the plasmid.
14. What is the basis of “binary vector” strategy?
A. No physical attachment
B. Big size
A. Strain dependence
D. Lysogenic/lytic cycle
Answer: A
Clarification: The binary vector strategy is based on the observation that the T-DNA does not need to be physically present/attached to the rest of the Ti plasmid.
15. In the binary vector strategy, the sizes of the two vectors used are _____ for bigger plasmid and ______ for smaller T-DNA plasmid.
A. 200, 20
B. 170, 20
A. 200, 50
D. 170, 50
Answer: B
Clarification: There are two vectors in the binary vector system. The bigger one is 170 kb in size and a smaller plasmid containing only the T-DNA region is 20 kb in size.