[Biology Class Notes] on Blood Group Test Pdf

We all should be aware of our blood groups. Blood transfusion plays a very important role in our body. Knowing our blood type helps us to pick appropriate blood for transfusion either during any emergencies or accidents.

Here may be a simple and easy experiment to seek out our blood group sitting reception with the assistance of a blood type Test Kit.

A human blood corpuscle includes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. All these blood cells play a very important role when it comes to  transportation, protection and regulation. Blood groups are mainly determined by the presence or absence of antigens and antibodies on the surface of our red blood cells also known as the Erythrocytes. The transfusion from the incorrect blood type are often life-threatening.

There are basically four major blood groups namely: A, B, AB and O. The blood grouping system was discovered within the year 1901 by Karl Landsteiner- an Austrian biologist and immunologist.

 

Method to Test Blood Group 

Aim

The basic purpose of conducting this experiment is to understand the basic concept of the different ABO blood group system and with the help of this procedure get to know our blood group and type. 

 

Materials Required

• Toothpicks

• Blood sample

• Alcohol Swabs

• Lancet

• Clean glass slide

• Sterile cotton balls

• Biohazard disposal container

• Monoclonal Antibodies (Anti-A, B, and D)

 

All these equipment will be readily available in a blood test tool kit. 

 

Procedure

• First, take a glass side and mark three circles on it after cleaning the slide.

• Unpack the Monoclonal Antibodies (MAB) kit. Now with the help of a dropper, add the Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-D in the first, second and third circle respectively in a sequential order.

• Keep the slide aside safely without disturbing.

• Now you need to wipe the ring finger with the alcohol swabs and rub gently near the fingertip, where the blood sample will be collected.

• You need to prick the ring fingertip with the lancet and wipe off the first drop of the blood.

• As blood starts flowing out, allow it to fall on the three circles of the glass slide by gently pressing the fingertip.

• We must apply pressure on the pricked part in order to stop the blood flow.Use the cotton ball if required.

• Mix the blood sample gently with the help of a toothpick and wait for a minute to observe the result.

 

Precautions

Discard the alcohol swabs, lancet, cotton balls and toothpick after their use. Drop all the materials, including the glass slide into the biohazard disposal container after observing the result.

As mentioned above, there are four major blood groups and eight different blood types, collectively called the ABO Blood Group System. The groups are known to be based on the presence or absence of  two specific antigens and antibodies– A and B:

1. Group A– Antigen A and Antibody B.

2. Group B– Antigen B and Antibody A.

3. Group AB– Antigen A and B both and no Antibodies

4. Group O– No Antigens and both A and B Antibodies.

 

Other than this, there is also a third kind of antigen that is termed as the Rh factor. Based on the presence or absence of this antigen (Rh factor), the four blood groups are classified into eight different blood types:

1. A positive – Presence of Rh+

2. A negative– Presence of Rh-

3. B positive– Presence of Rh+

4. B negative– Presence of Rh-

5. AB positive– Presence of Rh+

6. AB negative– Presence of Rh-

7. O positive– Presence of Rh+

8. O negative– Presence of Rh- 

 

Conclusion

Here is the chart which predicts the various sorts of blood groups alongside its rhesus factor. 

Various Sorts of Blood Groups Alongside Its Rhesus Factor.

A test to determine a
person’s Blood type is known as Blood typing. If you need a Blood transfusion or plan to donate Blood , a test is required. Because not all Blood types are compatible, knowing your Blood Group is crucial. Receiving Blood that isn’t compatible with your Blood type can result in a hazardous immunological reaction.

Everyone should be informed of their Blood type. When it comes to receiving a Blood transfusion, it is really crucial. Knowing our Blood Group allows us to choose the right Blood for transfusion in the event of an emergency or an accident.

 

Red Blood cells, white Blood cells, and platelets all make up a human Blood cell. All of these blood cells are essential for transportation, protection, and regulation. The presence or lack of antigens and antibodies on the surface of our red Blood cells, or erythrocytes, determines our Blood Group. A Blood transfusion from the incorrect Blood group might be fatal.

 

The four basic Blood groups are A, B, AB, and O. Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian scientist, and immunologist established the Blood grouping system in 1901.

 

What is the Importance of Blood Typing?

The antigens are both the source of the issue and the solution. Because these compounds cause the body’s immune system to react, it’s critical to check compatibility before receiving Blood or donating organs. If a person with Blood Group B receives Blood from a person with Blood Group A, the recipient’s body will recognise the A-type antigens as alien bodies and reject the transfusion. Because group AB includes and recognises both types of antigens, it can accept Blood from any type, but group O can only accept Blood from type O. The Rh-factor, which is highly immunogenic, follows the same rule. Antibodies developed by Rh-negative moms after having an Rh-positive baby may harm an Rh-positive baby during the second pregnancy, resulting in severe anaemia. As a result, it’s not unexpected that numerous documents, from university applications to work ID cards, seek Blood group information.