[Biology Class Notes] on Cane Pdf

Cane is a pithy or hollow stem that is normally slender and flexible (as of a reed). Also, any of a variety of slender woody stems that grow directly from the ground, especially an elongated flowering or fruiting stem (as in a rose). The term is used to describe a variety of tall woody reeds or grasses, including Arundinaria grasses, sorghum, and sugarcane.

About Cane Plant

Commonly, the cane plant grows in large riparian stands which are referred to as canebrakes that can be found in places throughout the Western and Southern United States; they are much such as the tules (Schoenoplectus acutus) of California.

Depending on the strength, a cane may be fashioned for multiple purposes, including walking sticks, assistive canes, judicial or school canes, or crutches. Canes are used in corporal punishment and they must meet specific specifications, such as a high degree of flexibility. Cane has been used for a variety of purposes in the past, including furniture, baskets, roofs, vessels, and anywhere rigid, withy sticks can be put to good use.

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Etymology

The term cane is an English term and it has derived from Old French cane ‘sugarcane’, from Ancient Greek κάννα, from Latin canna, from Akkadian qanû ‘tube, reed’, and from Official Aramaic qanhā, qanyā.

By-Products of Cane Grass

The by-products of cane sugar production, such as bagasse and straw (cane fibres), can be used to make cellulosic ethanol, a second-generation biofuel. Rum, molasses, and cachaça (a Brazilian alcoholic beverage) are among the other sugarcane products, and the plant itself can be used as thatch and livestock fodder.

Uses of Sugarcane Grass

Sugarcane is the primary sugar crop available in the world. Stem juice, containing sucrose, is used to make sugar. Fresh juice can be used as a refreshing drink and also added to sweet drinks. In Sri Lanka and India, cane juice is boiled and evaporated to make a type of thick brown colour syrup called honey or further evaporation leads to a brown lump of sugar called jaggery. Both can be used as food sweeteners. Molasses is a by-product of the sugar production process and is used in bakery products as well as animal feed. The by-products of sugar production can be used as paper production and agricultural mulch.

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Sugarcane has medicinal properties and is used in many Indian Ayurvedic Medicines.

Sugarcane juice can be used to make alcoholic beverages such as rum and ethanol. Ethanol, which is obtained from sugarcane, is widely used as a biofuel now.

Processing Sugar From Sugarcane Juice

• Cane plant or simply cane is crushed through a roller series. Then, water is passed through the rollers in the countercurrent fashion (it means, virgin sugarcane is put in contact with highly concentrated sugar juice, while the virgin water is put in contact with a cane, which has been washed multiple times) to maximize the extraction.

• The sugar juice is flocculated and it is treated with lime to remove precipitate salts and particulates.

• Sugar juice is boiled and then reduced in a series of multiple-effect evaporators to reduce the water content and push up sucrose concentration to up to 40–50 percent. This resulting mixture is called thick juice.

• The sugar juice is then sent into a vacuum pan series, where the sugar juice is evaporated under the vacuum after the nucleation crystal’s addition. Every vacuum pan is referred to as a “strike.” In each of these strikes, at the end of a cycle the resulting solution with suspended crystals, known as a massecuite, is centrifuged to remove the sugar, which further can be washed to remove the residual solution. The remaining solution, known as molasses, is sent to the next strike.

• The first sugar is said to be of the highest quality and can be used almost exclusively for white refined sugar. The second sugar is of poorer quality and is normally combined with the first. It can also be bleached and sold as “raw sugar” or used to make brown sugar. Usually, the third sugar is suitable only for nucleation or for brown sugar. The last molasses is known as blackstrap molasses.

Functions of Carbohydrates

Sugarcane, a type of grass, contains all of these, but it mostly belongs to the carbohydrate food group. Certainly, it does, once it is processed into molasses and sugar.

One of the primary functions of carbohydrates is defined as to provide the body with energy. Most of the carbohydrates present in the foods that we eat are digested and broken down as glucose before entering into the bloodstream.

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In addition to the inflammation, too much sugar present in our bloodstream may damage your artery walls that lead to some added inflammation. Our arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to our heart. Inflammation is a risk factor for coronary artery narrowing that makes it difficult for the blood to make it to our heart.