[Biology Class Notes] on Differences Between Catabolism and Anabolism Pdf

Anabolism and catabolism are two different metabolic methods, which collectively constitute the entire metabolism process. Anabolism represents a series of reactions that produces the biomolecules a human body needs to function properly. The two types of biological reactions that make up metabolism are anabolism and catabolism. Catabolism splits huge molecules into smaller molecules, whereas anabolism generates complex molecules from simpler ones. On the other hand, catabolism is involved in breaking down complex molecules like proteins, glycogen, etc. into simple molecules. It also breaks down monomers like amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose.

 

The majority of people associate metabolism with weight reduction and bodybuilding, although metabolic pathways are vital for every cell and tissue in the body. A cell’s metabolism is the process by which it obtains energy and eliminates waste. Vitamins, minerals, and cofactors help the reactions to take place.

 

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What is  Anabolism? 

Anabolism is a series of biochemical reactions that synthesize molecules from smaller components. These are endergonic reactions, which means they are not spontaneous. They require energy to progress. The hydrolysis of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) powers several anabolic reactions. Generally, condensation and reduction are the mechanisms responsible for anabolism.

 

Anabolic hormones cause anabolic processes to occur. Insulin, which facilitates glucose absorption, and anabolic steroids, which enhance muscular growth, are examples of anabolic hormones. Anabolic activity is an anaerobic exercise that also produces muscle strength and mass, such as weightlifting.

 

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What is Catabolism?

It is also a series of biochemical reactions that breaks down complex molecules into simple ones. Additionally, this process is spontaneous and thermodynamically favourable. Thus, human body cells use this process to generate energy for anabolism. 

 

Additionally, catabolism is exergonic. It works through hydrolysis and oxidation, releasing heat in the process. Many hormones operate as catabolism-controlling signals. Adrenaline, glucagon, cortisol, melatonin, hypocretin, and cytokines are all catabolic hormones. Catabolic exercise is an aerobic activity, such as a cardio workout, that burns calories by breaking down fat (or muscle).

 

Cells often store various complex molecules and raw materials. Catabolism breaks these down to create new products. For instance, the catabolism of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and protein generates monosaccharides, nucleotides, and amino acids, respectively.

 

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Examples of Anabolism and Catabolism

Examples of Anabolism are –

1. Fatty acid and glycerol react to produce a fatty acid.

2. Amino acids join together to prepare dipeptides.

3. Simple sugars combine to synthesize water and disaccharides.

4. Water and carbon dioxide react to produce glucose and oxygen for photosynthesis.

Examples of Catabolism are –

1. Oxygen and glucose react during cellular respiration to yield water and carbon dioxide.

2. With the help of catabolism, hydroxide peroxide decomposes within cells to form water and oxygen.

 

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Difference between Anabolism and Catabolism

 

In order to define anabolism and catabolism, it can be men
tioned that these two contrasting functions are essential for a human being to survive. These two constitute metabolism which ensures growth, reproduction and allows every living organism to sustain.