[Biology Class Notes] on Gonads Pdf for EXAM

During puberty, both the male and the female bodies go through numerous changes, and the most obvious ones are an increase in height, change in voice tone, and body shape. Also, there is an increase in the activity of sebaceous and sweat glands and the development of sex organs and secondary sexual traits which are prevalent during adolescence.

Importantly, these hormones play a significant role in the overall growth and development of the human body and the functioning of its organs. In this article, you will be introduced to one of the vital hormone-secreting organs called gonads, the meaning of gonads, and their function.

Gonads

The Gonads are a part of the endocrine system, and gonads are known as the male and female reproductive organs. Ovaries are the female gonad while testes are the male gonad, and they are responsible for producing sex hormones in our bodies.

Functions of Gonads

The Gonads are the most vital hormone-secreting organ in the human body, the functions of the gonads are given below:

• Secretion of sex hormones.

• Production of gametes.

• It facilitates cell division, especially meiosis.

• They are indirectly responsible for controlling the maturation of reproductive organs.

• They are responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in both males and females.

 

Male Gonad Hormones

Androgens, also known as the ‘male hormone’ is responsible for the maturation of the male reproductive system.  

 

The Primary Male Gonads Hormones are –

1. Testosterone: These hormones are essential for the growth of bone, muscle and body hair and are produced by testes. It is also responsible for the growth of the penis, deepening voice and appearance of facial hair.

2. Inhibin: Essentially, inhibin obstructs the release of follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH. It also regulates the development and regulation of sperm cells.

3. Androstenedione: They are forerunners of oestrogen and testosterone and promote and regulate their production within the body. 

 

Female Gonadal Hormones

Androgens are also present in females and are produced in their ovaries, fat cells and adrenal glands. They are responsible for stimulating hair growth in the underarms and pubic area in females. 

 

These are the Primary Female Gonads –

1. Oestrogens: They aid in the development of the female reproductive system and facilitate reproduction. For instance, oestrogens promote the growth of a uterus, maturation of vagina, widening of breasts and pelvis. 

2. Progesterone: They help to prepare a uterus for conception and are also responsible for regulating it during the menstrual cycle. Progesterone also plays a key role in milk production during pregnancy and even for stimulating glands. 

 

Notably, both over and underproduction of gonadal hormones is often responsible for several disorders in males and females. Typically, factors like long-term illness, inherited disease, poor lifestyle choices, etc. are responsible for hypo or hyperproduction of gonadal hormones. 

 

Test Your Knowledge

Which hormones affect secondary sex organs in males and females?

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