[Biology Class Notes] on Kingdom Animalia Plantae And Viruses Pdf for EXAM

The kingdom is the second-highest taxonomic rank just below domain and it is divided into smaller groups called phyla. This kingdom is further classified into Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera. The organisms were organized into five kingdoms by R.H.Whittaker on the basis of cell structure, mode, source of nutrition, and body design. The five-kingdom classification is followed by India. Kingdom Animalia contains all the animals and it is the largest among the five-kingdom classification. Kingdom Plantae consists of all the plants on the earth. Viruses are not made up of living cells so they do not belong to any particular kingdom.

The Virus Comes Under Which Kingdom

Viruses do not come under any kingdom because they are submicroscopic infectious agents that replicate only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses have an ability to infect all types of life forms like animals, plants, microorganisms including bacteria and archaea. These are found in almost every ecosystem on earth and are considered to be the most numerous type of biological entity. Virology is the study of viruses. 

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Difference Between Plantae And Animalia

Kingdom Animalia

The kingdom of Animalia is composed of all animals. It is considered to be one of the vast kingdoms from all the five kingdoms. These are multicellular eukaryotic organisms. These do not have a cell wall or chlorophyll like plants. The members of the animal kingdom have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. 

The kingdom Animalia is classified into ten different subphyla based on their body design or differentiation which are as follows

• Porifera – These are the organisms with holes commonly known as sponges.

• Coelenterata – These are the organisms which have a hollow body cavity.

• Platyhelminthes – These are also known as platforms and they have a dorso-ventrally flattened body.

• Nematoda – These consist of nematodes or roundworms which have a cylindrical body shape.

• Annelida – These are commonly known as segmented or ringworms having segmented cylindrical body structure.

• Arthropoda – These have jointed legs and this is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom.

• Mollusca – It consists of a large group of animals and has an open circulatory system.

• Echinodermata – These are spiny skinned animals and have a true coelom.

• Hemichordata – These organisms have soft and fragile bodies.

• Chordata – These are bilaterally symmetrical and possess a notochord.

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Kingdom Plantae

This kingdom includes all the plants on the earth. These are multicellular, eukaryotes, and consist of a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane called the cell wall. These have a green-colored pigment called chlorophyll which is important for photosynthesis.

The plant kingdom is also divided into five subgroups which are as follows

• Thallophyta – These are the plants that lack a well-differentiated body structure.

• Bryophyta – These have differentiated plant bodies like stem, leaf structures.

• Pteridophyta – These have well-differentiated structures such as stem, root, leaves as well as a vascular system.

• Gymnosperms – These are the plants that have a well-differentiated plant body, vascular system and they bear seeds that are naked.

• Angiosperms – These are the seed-bearing plants with well-differentiated plant bodies. These are commonly known as flowering plants. These are further divided based on the number of cotyledons present in the seeds.