[Biology Class Notes] on Role of Bacteria in Industry Pdf for Exam

Bacteria are single-celled organisms and are found in large numbers in our environment. Some types of bacterias are hazardous in nature , but many of them are beneficial. They are utilised in industrial and therapeutic activities, and they support many forms of life, both plant and animal.

Bacteria are supposed to be the earliest species to appear on the planet, which happened roughly 4 billion years ago. The earliest known fossils are bacteria-like organisms.

Uses of Bacteria

Bacteria are typically assumed to be harmful, but many of them are beneficial. We wouldn’t exist if it weren’t for them. The oxygen we breathe is most likely produced by bacteria. Human survival is possible:

Many microorganisms in the human body play a crucial role in survival. In the digestive system, bacteria break down nutrients like complex carbohydrates into forms that the body can utilise.

Non-pathogenic bacteria also help to prevent disease by occupying sites where disease-causing bacteria would like to grow. By combating pathogens, some microorganisms protect us from disease.

Fixation of Nitrogen: Bacteria consume nitrogen and release it when they die, allowing plants to use it. Plants need nitrogen in the soil for their survival, but they can’t make it themselves. To ensure this, many plant seeds contain a small container of bacteria that is used when the plant emerges. 

Food Science and Technology: Lactic acid bacteria are of two types Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, as well as yeast and moulds, or fungi, are used to manufacture cheese, soy sauce, natto (fermented soy beans), vinegar, yoghurt, and pickles.

Fermentation is not only important for preserving foods, but it may also provide health advantages.

Some fermented meals, for example, include bacteria that are comparable to those associated with gastrointestinal health. Some fermentation processes produce novel chemicals, such as lactic acid, that have anti-inflammatory properties.

To validate the health advantages of fermented foods, more research is needed.

Bacteria in the workplace and in research: Bacteria have the ability to degrade organic molecules. This is useful for tasks like garbage processing and oil spill and toxic waste cleanup.

Bacteria are used in the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors to make specific compounds.

Because bacteria can grow quickly and are relatively easy to manipulate, they are utilised in molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetic studies. Bacteria are used by scientists to investigate how genes and enzymes function.

Antibiotics require bacteria to be produced.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that can be used instead of insecticides in agriculture. It doesn’t have the negative environmental implications that pesticide use does.

There are many disadvantages of using this method.

Food poisoning is a condition caused primarily by the poisons generated by bacteria. Generally, bacteria causes food poisoning.

Rotting of vegetables, fruits, meat, and other foods is caused by saprotrophic bacteria, which are always present in the air and settle down in exposed food.

Spoilage of Domestic Articles Bacteria such as Cellulomonas attack textiles, leathers, canvas, and wood articles, causing them to degrade…

Denitrification occurs when bacteria such as PSEUDOMONAS, which live in waterlogged soil, take oxygen from the nitrates and convert them to gaseous nitrogen forms. They have the negative consequence of reducing the amount of usable nitrogen in the soil.

Water pollution Some bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella Typhi, can rapidly proliferate in water and pollute it.