Category: Civil Engineering Drawing Objective Questions

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “General Specifications”.

1. Specifications are of two types- General specification or brief specification and __________________
a) Short specification
b) General specification
c) Detailed specification
d) Brief specification
Answer: c
Clarification: The detailed specification of an item of work specifies the qualities and quantities of materials, the proportion of mortar, workmanship, the method of preparation and the execution and the method of measurement. The detailed specification of different items of work are prepared separately and describe what the works should be and how they shall be executed and constructed.

2. For first class building D.P.C. shall be __________ thick cement concrete 1:1 1/2:3.
a) 10.5 cm
b) 2.5 cm
c) 5.5 cm
d) 0.5 cm
Answer: b
Clarification: D.P.C. shall be 2.5 cm (1”) thick cement concrete 1:1 1/2:3, mixed with one kg of impermo per bag of cement or other standard water proofing materials as specified and painted with two coats of bitumen.

3. For First class building drawing room and dining room floors shall be of __________
a) Concrete
b) Tiles
c) Mosaic
d) Wooden
Answer: c
Clarification: Floors of bedrooms shall be coloured and polished of 2.5 cm(1”) cement concrete over 7.5 cm(3”) lime concrete. Floors of others shall be of 2.5 cm (1”) cement concrete over 7.5 cm(3”) lime concrete polished.

4. For first class building chaukhats shall be of seasoned ____________
a) Sesame wood
b) Saal wood
c) Teak wood
d) Arjun wood
Answer: c
Clarification: Shutters shall be teak wood 4.3 cm thick panelled glazed or partly panelled and partly glazed as required, with additional wire gauge shutters. All fittings shall be of brass. Doors and windows shall be varnished or painted two coats with high class enamel paint over one coat of priming.

5. For fourth class building roofing shall be of __________ over bamboo and wooden supports.
a) Mud roof
b) Tile roof
c) Wooden roof
d) Bamboo roof
Answer: b
Clarification: Roof tiles are designed mainly to keep out rain, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as terracotta or slate. Modern materials such as concrete and plastic are also used and some clay tiles have a waterproof glaze. Roof tiles are ‘hung’ from the framework of a roof by fixing them with nails.

6. For 2nd class building rain water pipes shall be of ______________ finished painted.
a) Cast iron
b) Bog iron
c) Brown ore
d) Pyrite
Answer: a
Clarification: Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.[1] Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its colour when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through, grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite “nodules” which stop the crack from further progressing.

7. Foundation and plinth shall be of ______________ brickwork with lime mortar over lime concrete.
a) 2nd class
b) 3rd class
c) 1st class
d) 4th class
Answer: c
Clarification: Characteristics of first class brick-
– All bricks should be of first class of standard specifications.
– Bricks should be made of good earth completely burnt.
– Bricks should be of deep cherry red or copper colour.
– Bricks should be regular in shape.
– Edges of bricks should be sharp.
– On being struck, bricks should emit clear ringing sound.
– Bricks should be free from cracks, chips, flaws and lumps of any kind.
– Bricks should not absorb water more than one sixth of its weight after one hour of immersing in water.

8. Specification does not specify or describes the nature and the class off the work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship, etc.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: Specification specifies or describes the nature and the class off the work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship, etc., and is very important for the execution of the work. The cost of a work depends much on the specifications.

9. The specifications are written in a language so that they indicate what the work should be and words “shall be” or “should be” are used.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the government for a particular Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

10. General specification gives the nature and the class of the work and the materials in general terms.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is a short description of different parts of the work specifying materials, proportion, qualities, etc. General specification give general idea of the whole work or structure and are useful for preparing the estimate.

11. For first class building the foundation and plinth shall be of 1st class brickwork in lime mortar or 1:2 cement mortar over lime concrete or 1:6:7 cement concrete.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Foundation and plinth shall be of 1st class brickwork in lime mortar or 1:6 cement mortar over lime concrete or 1:4:8 cement concrete.

12. For first class building roof shall be of R.C.C. slab.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Roof shall be of R.C.C. slab with an insulation layer and lime concrete terracing above, supported over R.S. Joists or R.C.C. beams as required. Height of rooms shall not be less than 3.7 m (12 feet).

13. For 2nd class building superstructure shall be of 1st class brickwork in lime mortar.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: For 2nd class building superstructure shall be of 2nd class brickwork in lime mortar. Lintels over doors and windows shall be of R.B.

14. For third class building flooring shall be of brick-on-edge floor over well rammed earth.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Rammed earth is simple to manufacture, non-combustible, thermally massive, strong, and durable. However, structures such as walls can be laborious to construct of rammed earth without machinery, e. g., powered tampers, and they are susceptible to water damage if inadequately protected or maintained.

15. For fourth class building the doors and windows shall be of _________ wood or country wood.
a) Sal
b) Neem
c) Teak
d) Mango
Answer: d
Clarification: Technically mango is a hardwood with dense grains, so it has the strength to bear the weight necessary for chairs and heavy tables, but it’s still soft enough that it’s relatively easy to work with, requiring no special tools on behalf of the manufacturers. Mango furniture can stand the wear and tear of time as well as your grandmother’s oak kitchen table, but, unlike traditional hardwood furniture, it’s more affordable and, as we’ll get into, completely sustainable.

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Structural Designing and Thumb Rules”.

1. The maximum area of tension reinforcement in beams shall not exceed?
a) 1.5%
b) 4%
c) 7%
d) 0.5%
Answer: b
Clarification: If tensile reinforcement of beam should exceed 4% of total gross area then some crack will be developed in concrete.

2. The diameter of longitudinal bars of a column should never be less than?
a) 12 mm
b) 6 mm
c) 10 mm
d) 8 mm
Answer: a
Clarification: Minimum diameter of longitudinal bar in RCC column shall not be less than 12mm (IS456:2000, cl 26.5.3.1 d). Indian standards specify 12mm as the least diameter of a vertical bar and 5mm as the least diameter of lateral bar or stirrup.

3. The number of treads in a flight is equal to _________
a) risers in the flight
b) risers plus one
c) risers minus one
d) risers plus three
Answer: c
Clarification: It is often not simply the sum of the individual tread lengths due to the nosing overlapping between treads. If there are N steps, the total run equals N-1 times the going: the tread of the last step is part of a landing and is not counted.

4. A foundation rests on __________
a) base of the foundation
b) foundation soil
c) subgrade
d) foundation soil and subgrade
Answer: d
Clarification: A foundation (or, more commonly, base) is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures.

5. For initial estimate for a beam design, the width is assumed?
a) 1/10th of span
b) 1/30th of span
c) 1/15th of span
d) 1/5th of span
Answer: b
Clarification: Design codes prescribe beam width limitations to minimise the shear lag effect on the formation of full-width plastic hinges and achieving the expected capacity. However, owing to insufficient experimental and analytical studies, empirical design formulas for the beam width limitation, with remarkably different results, have been implemented in different design codes. In this paper, parametric studies of the influence of key parameters on the behaviour of wide beam–column connections are conducted based on available test results. An effective beam-width model is analytically developed using the equivalent-frame representation, where the effects of torsion of transverse beams and flexure around the joint core are considered. The validity of the model is verified using flexural strengths of test specimens, covering a wide range of design parameters.

6. Design of R.C.C. simply supported beams carrying U.D.L. is based on the resultant B.M. at ____________
a) mid span
b) supports
c) every section
d) quarter span
Answer: a
Clarification: Since BM is maximum at midspan, design should be done for maximum bending moment so that it will take care for other section. Moment formula we are using is (wl2/8) which mid span moment.

7. High strength concrete is used in prestressed member?
a) To ovecome bursting stresses at the ends
b) To provide high bond stresses
c) To overcome cracks due to shrinkage
d) To overcome bursting stresses, provide high bond stresses and overcome cracks
Answer: d
Clarification: The primary difference between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete relates to the compressive strength that refers to the maximum resistance of a concrete sample to applied pressure. Although there is no precise point of separation between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete, the American Concrete Institute defines high-strength concrete as concrete with a compressive strength greater than 6,000 psi.

8. The advantage of reinforced concrete is due to ___________
a) monolithic character
b) moulding in any desired shape
c) fire-resisting and durability
d) monolithic character, moulding any shape and fire-resisting
Answer: d
Clarification: Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material in which concrete’s relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. Reinforced concrete may also be permanently stressed (in tension), so as to improve the behaviour of the final structure under working loads.

9. Cracking of the concrete section is nearly impossible to prevent.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: However, the size and location of cracks can be limited and controlled by appropriate reinforcement, control joints, curing methodology and concrete mix design. Cracking can allow moisture to penetrate and corrode the reinforcement. This is a serviceability failure in limit state design. Cracking is normally the result of an inadequate quantity of rebar, or rebar spaced at too great a distance. The concrete then cracks either under excess loading, or due to internal effects such as early thermal shrinkage while it cures.
Ultimate failure leading to collapse can be caused by crushing the concrete, which occurs when compressive stresses exceed its strength, by yielding or failure of the rebar when bending or shear stresses exceed the strength of the reinforcement, or by bond failure between the concrete and the rebar.

10. The architect is usually the lead designer on buildings, with a structural engineer employed as a sub-consultant.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The degree to which each discipline actually leads the design depends heavily on the type of structure. Many structures are structurally simple and led by architecture, such as multi-storey office buildings and housing, while other structures, such as tensile structures, shells and gridshells are heavily dependent on their form for their strength, and the engineer may have a more significant influence on the form, and hence much of the aesthetic, than the architect.

Civil Engineering Drawing Interview Questions and Answers for freshers on “Sizes and Dimensions of Various Works in MKS and FPS”.

1. Unit of dimensions for ballast is __________
a) cm
b) micro m
c) mm
d) cu m
Answer: c
Clarification: Track ballast forms the track bed upon which railroad ties (sleepers) are laid. It is packed between, below, and around the ties. It is used to bear the load from the railroad ties, to facilitate drainage of water, and also to keep down vegetation that might interfere with the track structure. This also serves to hold the track in place as the trains roll by. It is typically made of crushed stone, although ballast has sometimes consisted of other, less suitable materials, for example burnt clay. The term “ballast” comes from a nautical term for the stones used to stabilize a ship.

2. Unit of payment in FPS of Explosive for blasting is __________
a) kg
b) per lb
c) per gm
d) per cu m
Answer: b
Clarification: Drilling and Blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam or road construction. The result of rock blasting is often known as a rock cut.
Drilling and Blasting currently utilizes many different varieties of explosives with different compositions and performance properties. Higher velocity explosives are used for relatively hard rock in order to shatter and break the rock, while low velocity explosives are used in soft rocks to generate more gas pressure and a greater heaving effect. For instance, an early 20th-century blasting manual compared the effects of black powder to that of a wedge, and dynamite to that of a hammer. The most commonly used explosives in mining today are ANFO based blends due to lower cost than dynamite.

3. Unit of payment in MKS of supply paint ready mix is _________
a) per litre
b) per gl
c) per lb
d) per cu m
Answer: a
Clarification: Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc. Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types dry into a solid.

4. Unit of measurement of supply of bare electric wire in FPS is _________
a) per quintal
b) per cu cm
c) per cwt
d) per m
Answer: c
Clarification: The hundredweight (abbreviation: cwt), formerly also known as the centum weight or quintal, is an English, imperial, and US customary unit of weight or mass of various values. Its present value continues to differ between the American and imperial systems. The two values are distinguished in American English as the “short” and “long” hundredweight and British English as the “cental” and the “hundredweight”.
• The short hundredweight or cental of 100 lb (45.359237 kg) is used in the US and Canada.
• The long or imperial hundredweight of 8 stone (112 lb or 50.802345 kg) sees informal use in the imperial system but according to Schedule 1, Part VI of the Weights and Measures Act 1998, is no longer to be used for trade after the Act came into force.

5. Unit of payment in MKS for supply of timber is ________
a) cu m
b) per cu m
c) %cu ft
d) %cu m
Answer: b
Clarification: Lumber (American English; used only in North America) or timber (used in the rest of the English speaking world) is a type of wood that has been processed into beams and planks, a stage in the process of wood production.
Lumber may be supplied either roug-sawn, or surfaced on one or more of its faces. Besides pulpwood, rough lumber is the raw material for furniture-making and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods; but it is also readily available in softwoods, such as white pine and red pine, because of their low cost. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry – primarily softwood, from coniferous species, including pine, fir and spruce (collectively spruce-pine-fir), cedar, and hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring.

6. Unit of payment in MKS of spun yarn is _____________
a) per kg
b) per lb
c) per gl
d) per m
Answer: a
Clarification: Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, and ropemaking. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for hand or machine embroidery.

7. Unit of payment in MKS of fixing doors and window is ____________
a) per cm
b) per no.
c) per gm
d) no.
Answer: b
Clarification: A door is a solid barrier i.e. fixed in the opening of a wall. It can be opened for access to and from buildings and between the rooms or closed for privacy. The door has two parts: one part is frame and second part is shutters.
A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the passage of light, sound, and air. Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material, a sash set in a frame in the opening; the sash and frame are also referred to as a window. Many glazed windows may be opened, to allow ventilation, or closed, to exclude inclement weather. Windows often have a latch or similar mechanism to lock the window shut or to hold it open by various amounts.

8. Unit of payment in MKS is of supply of bricks is ______________
a) %nos
b) %cu ft
c) per % nos
d) % r ft
Answer: c
Clarification: In a large industrial brickworks, clay is taken from the quarry, and then carried by conveyor belt or truck/lorry to the main factory, although it may be stockpiled outside before entering the machinery. When the clay enters the preparation plant (Clay Prep) it is crushed, and mixed with water and other additives which may include breeze, a very fine anthracite that aids firing. This process, which is also known as pugmilling, improves the consistency, firing qualities, texture, and colour of the brick. From here, the processed clay can be extruded into a continuous strip and cut with wires, or put into moulds or presses (also referred to as forming) to form the clay into its final shape. After the forming or cutting, the bricks must be dried, either in the open air, in drying sheds, or in special drying kilns. When the bricks have been dried, they must then be fired or ‘burnt’ in a kiln, to give them their final hardness and appearance.

Civil Engineering Drawing for Interviews, .

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Design of Septic Tanks”.

1. A __________ is a chamber made of concrete, fiberglass, PVC or plastic, through which domestic wastewater, sewage flows for primary treatment.
a) drainage tank
b) pit latrine tank
c) harvesting water tank
d) septic tank
Answer: d
Clarification: Septic tank systems are a type of onsite sewage facility (OSSF). They can be used in areas that are not connected to a sewerage system, such as rural areas. The treated liquid effluent is commonly disposed in a septic drain field which provides further treatment. However, groundwater pollution may occur and can be a problem.

2. The term “septic” refers to ____________
a) anaerobic bacterial environment that develops in the tank
b) refers to safety and precaution
c) drainage of waste materials
d) aerobic bacterial environment that develops in the tank
Answer: a
Clarification: The term “septic” refers to the anaerobic bacterial environment that develops in the tank which decomposes or mineralizes the waste discharged into the tank. Septic tanks can be coupled with other onsite wastewater treatment units such as biofilters or aerobic systems involving artificially forced aeration.

3. Figure shown below represents a symbol ‘A’, it signifies?

a) Septic tank
b) Soak pit
c) Gutter
d) Water storing tank
Answer: a
Clarification: A septic tank collects and treats wastewater at a property that is not connected to the mains sewer system. Installed underground, a septic tank makes use of natural processes to treat the sewage it stores. Usually made up of two chambers or compartments, the tank receives wastewater from an inlet pipe. Wastewater enters the first chamber and separates over time, with solids settling at the bottom, oils and greases forming a layer of scum at the top, and a layer of relatively clear water remaining in the middle.

4. Septic tank is usually consists of brick wall in cement not less than _______
a) 20 cm
b) 100 cm
c) 80 cm
d) 200 cm
Answer: a
Clarification: Septic tank is usually consists of brick wall in cement not less than 20cm(9”) thick and the foundation floor are of cement concrete 1:3:6 or 1:2:4. Both inside and outside faces of wall and floor are plastered with a minimum thickness of 12mm thick cement mortar 1:3 and all inside corners are rounded.

5. Connecting pipe should be _______ mm minimum diameter.
a) 60
b) 300
c) 700
d) 100
Answer: a
Clarification: It may be of R.C.C, Hume pipe, cast iron pipe, S.W. Inlet and outlet may be made through T-junction pipe or baffle wall of precast R.C.C. may be provided at a distance 1/5 of length of the septic tank so that the inlet sewage may not disturb the working of the tank.

6. Soak pit shall not be less than ____________
a) 45 cm
b) 90 cm
c) 50 cm
d) 100 cm
Answer: b
Clarification: Soak pit shall not be less than 90 cm in diameter and not less than 1.5 m in depth below invert level of the inlet pipe. The pit is constructed with lining of dry brick or stone with open joints backed with at least 7.5 cm thick coarse aggregate.

7. A _________ is a type of toilet that collects human faeces in a hole in the ground.
a) gutter
b) septic tank
c) pit toilet
d) latrine
Answer: c
Clarification: A pit latrine or pit toilet is a type of toilet that collects human faeces in a hole in the ground. They use either no water or one to three litres per flush with pour-flush pit latrines. When properly built and maintained they can decrease the spread of disease by reducing the amount of human faeces in the environment from open defecation. This decreases the transfer of pathogens between faeces and food by flies.

8. The pit is typically at least ____________ deep and ___________ across.
a) 14 meters, 10 m
b) 30 meters, 15 m
c) 3 meters, 1 m
d) 11 meters, 9 m
Answer: c
Clarification: The World Health Organization recommends they be built a reasonable distance from the house balancing issues of easy access versus that of smell. The distance from groundwater and surface water should be as large as possible to decrease the risk of groundwater pollution. The hole in the slab should not be larger than 25 cm (9.8 inches) to prevent children falling in. Light should be prevented from entering the pit to reduce access by flies. This may require the use of a lid to cover the hole in the floor when not in use.

9. The size of the faeces drop hole in the floor or slab should not be larger than ____________
a) 5m
b) 25 cm
c) 45 cm
d) 250 mm
Answer: b
Clarification: The user positions themself over the small drop hole during use. The size of the feces drop hole in the floor or slab should not be larger than 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) to prevent children falling in. Light should be prevented from entering the pit to reduce access by flies. This requires the use of a lid to cover the hole in the floor when not in use. However, in practice, such a lid is not commonly used as it is easy to lose it or for the lid to get very filthy.

10. As of 2013 pit latrines are used by an estimated ____________ people.
a) 1.77 billion
b) 2.77 million
c) 1.77 billion
d) 4.66 billion
Answer: c
Clarification: This is mostly in the developing world as well as in rural and wilderness areas. In 2011 about 2.5 billion people did not have access to a proper toilet and one billion resort to open defecation in their surroundings. Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the poorest access to toilets. In developing countries the cost of a simple pit toilet is typically between 25 and 60 USD. Ongoing maintenance costs are between 1.5 and 4 USD per person per year which are often not taken into consideration.

11. As a very general guideline it is recommended that the bottom of the pit should be at least _______ above groundwater level.
a) 0.5 m
b) 2 m
c) 12 m
d) 20 m
Answer: b
Clarification: As a very general guideline it is recommended that the bottom of the pit should be at least 2 m above groundwater level, and a minimum horizontal distance of 30 m between a pit and a water source is normally recommended to limit exposure to microbial contamination.[1]However, no general statement should be made regarding the minimum lateral separation distances required to prevent contamination of a well from a pit latrine. For example, even 50 m lateral separation distance might not be sufficient in a strongly karstified system with a down gradient supply well or spring, while 10 m lateral separation distance is completely sufficient if there is a well developed clay cover layer and the annular space of the groundwater well is well sealed.

12. A _____________ houses the squatting pan or toilet seat and provides privacy and protection from the weather for the user.
a) roof
b) terrace
c) shade
d) shelter
Answer: d
Clarification: A shelter, shed, small building or “super-structure” houses the squatting pan or toilet seat and provides privacy and protection from the weather for the user. Ideally, the shelter or small building should have hand washing facilities available inside or on the outside (e.g. supplied with water from a rainwater harvesting tank on the roof of the shelter) although this is unfortunately rarely the case in practice. In the shelter, anal cleansing materials (e.g. toilet paper) and a solid waste bin should also be available. A more substantial structure may also be built, commonly known as an outhouse.