Physiological Psychology Multiple Choice Questions
1. Gorging on food and then vomiting or taking laxatives to avoid gaining weight is called
A. behavioral dieting.
B. fad dieting.
C. purging.
D. bulimia nervosa.
Answer: D. bulimia nervosa.
2. You and a friend play three hours of racquetball. Afterwards, you are most likely toprefer
A. plain water.
B. a slightly salty liquid.
C. a beverage containing some alcohol.
D. milk.
Answer: B. a slightly salty liquid.
3. Which is a cause of anorexia?
A. sibling rivalry
B. an overly realistic view of normal size
C. food allergies
D. perfectionism
Answer: D. perfectionism
4. According to the Cannon-Bard theory,
A. the thalamus plays a central role in producing emotions.
B. the cerebellum must give the go-ahead for emotion.
C. activity in the occipital and parietal lobes happens simultaneously to produce emotion.
D. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work in concert.
Answer: A. the thalamus plays a central role in producing emotions.
5. You are feeling a lot of fear, the brain site most likely involved is
A. the midbrain.
B. the left hemisphere.
C. the right hemisphere.
D. the amygdala.
Answer: D. the amygdala.
6. If the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed, a rat will
A. drink more water than biologically needed.
B. refuse to drink until forced to do so.
C. eat until it becomes obese.
D. refuse to eat until force fed.
Answer: D. refuse to eat until force fed.
7. Cutting sensory nerves from the stomach, or removing it entirely, causes
A. a total loss of appetite.
B. eating based on recognized need, not internal feelings of hunger.
C. some changes in eating, but hunger still occurs.
D. the need for patients to be “trained” to eat; otherwise, they would inadvertently starve to death.
Answer: C. some changes in eating, but hunger still occurs.
8. Which is TRUE regarding the influence of cultural values on eating behaviors?
A. they are the primary cause of innate taste aversion.
B. they greatly affect the incentive value of various foods.
C. they determine a person\s set point for various foods.
D. they have a homeostatic influence on amount of food consumed.
Answer: C. they determine a person\s set point for various foods.
9. The polygraph or “lie detector” primarily measures which component of emotion?
A. attribution
B. emotional expression
C. physiological arousal
D. vocal modulation
Answer: C. physiological arousal
10. If the ventromedial hypothalamus is destroyed, a rat will
A. eat until it becomes obese.
B. refuse to eat until forced to do so.
C. drink excessively.
D. refuse to drink until forced to do so.
Answer: A. eat until it becomes obese.
11. A competitive diver approaches the end of the board with rapidly beating heart and adry mouth, a result of increased
A. adrenaline.
B. amines.
C. cortisone.
D. endorphins.
Answer: A. adrenaline.
12. The hypothalamus has __________ hunger center(s).
A. no control over
B. total control over
C. the most direct control over
D. one
Answer: C. the most direct control over
13. The most critical physiological factor controlling hunger is the
A. level of blood sugar.
B. presence of stomach contractions.
C. taste of fo
Answer: A. level of blood sugar.
14. The maintenance of steady states of temperature and blood pressure are examples of
A. thermostasis.
B. homeostasis.
C. intrinsic motivation.
D. biological rhythm.
Answer: B. homeostasis.
15. In hunger, a set point is
A. similar to a body\s thermostat for blood sugar.
B. the weight you maintain when you attempt to diet.
C. related to the proportion of body fat your body normally maintains.
D. determined by adult eating habits.
Answer: C. related to the proportion of body fat your body normally maintains.
16. People who have had their stomachs surgically removed
A. report they still have hunger pangs.
B. may fail to eat regularly.
C. must be force f
Answer: D.
17. Which of the following statements about the sex drive is TRUE?
A. the sex drive is greatly affected by hormone levels in humans.
B. the sex drive is necessary for individual survival.
C. the sex drive is homeostatic.
D. the influence of hormones decreases as we ascend the biological scale.
Answer: D. the influence of hormones decreases as we ascend the biological scale.
18. Moods
A. are the most extreme forms of various emotions.
B. are subtle emotional undercurrents.
C. reflect base physiological changes.
D. reflect only positive emotions.
Answer: B. are subtle emotional undercurrents.
19. The satiety system is to the feeding system as the __________ hypothalamus is to the__________ hypothalamus.
A. ventromedial; lateral
B. lateral; ventromedial
C. nonhomeostatic; homeostatic
D. cyclic; episodic
Answer: A. ventromedial; lateral
20. A part of the nervous system that prepares the body for emergencies is the __________division.
A. parasympathetic
B. sympathetic
C. somatic
D. adaptive
Answer: B. sympathetic
21. A circadian rhythm refers to a cycle
A. of sexual receptivity caused by hormone cycles.
B. of bodily activity approximately 24 hours in length.
C. of emotional arousal.
D. during which various bodily systems are in phase.
Answer: B. of bodily activity approximately 24 hours in length.
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of bulimia nervosa?
A. vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics are used to lose weight.
B. there are repeated attempts to lose weight by severe dieting.
C. it occurs equally in males and females.
D. it is an adolescent growth phase that a few women go through and later disappears.
Answer: A. vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics are used to lose weight.
23. Electrically stimulating the lateral hypothalamus will cause a rat to
A. start eating.
B. stop eating.
C. start drinking.
D. stop drinking.
Answer: A. start eating.
24. The part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for restoring the body andconserving energy is the
A. somatic nervous system.
B. limbic system.
C. parasympathetic division.
D. sympathetic division.
Answer: C. parasympathetic division.
25. The body structure most closely associated with thirst is the
A. pancreas.
B. pituitary gland.
C. hypothalamus.
D. limbic system.
Answer: C. hypothalamus.
26. Life-threatening weight loss due to self-inflicted starvation is called
A. fasting.
B. malnutrition.
C. anorexia nervosa.
D. hypoglycemia.
Answer: C. anorexia nervosa.
27. You are walking through a bad part of town, down a dark alley, and carrying a large amount of cash. Behind you, you hear a door open and close suddenly, and you immediately dive into the nearest trash container. The part of the forebrain mainlyresponsible for your reaction is the
A. hippocampus.
B. medulla.
C. cerebrum.
D. amygdala.
Answer: D. amygdala.
28. An EEG records
A. the number of neurons in the brain.
B. electrical impulses from the brain.
C. chemical activity in the cranial nerves.
D. direct electrical stimulation and activation of the brain.
Answer: B. electrical impulses from the brain.
29. The __________ cerebral hemisphere is superior at perceptual skills and detectingand expressing emotion.
A. right
B. left
C. cortical
D. subcortical
Answer: A. right
30. The limbic system is responsible for
A. the control of hunger, thirst, and sex.
B. executive functions.
C. heartbeat and breathing regulation.
D. auditory processing.
Answer: A. the control of hunger, thirst, and sex.
31. There is more somatosensory cortex for the
A. mouth.
B. shoulder.
C. feet.
D. legs.
Answer: A. mouth.
32. Experiments with animals have found pleasure centers to be located in the
A. pituitary gland.
B. left parietal lobe.
C. hypothalamus.
D. amygdala.
Answer: C. hypothalamus.
33. Which of the following involves electrical brain wave measurement?
A. clinical studies
B. ablation
C. mri scan
D. eeg
Answer: D. eeg
34. Bodily sensations such as touch, temperature, and pressure register in which brainarea?
A. the occipital lobes
B. the parietal lobes
C. the temporal lobes
D. the frontal lobes
Answer: B. the parietal lobes
35. Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintainingbalance and movements. You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the
A. corpus callosum.
B. cerebellum.
C. medulla.
D. reticular formation.
Answer: B. cerebellum.
36. Which of the following is most involved in the production of emotion?
A. the occipital lobe
B. the limbic system
C. the medulla
D. the pituitary gland
Answer: B. the limbic system
37. The functions of the amygdala include
A. delivery of electrical stimulation to the limbic system.
B. stopping electrical stimulation to the limbic system.
C. stimulating the “pleasure” centers of the limbic system.
D. helping us react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response.
Answer: D. helping us react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response.
38. The hippocampus
A. is part of the hypothalamus.
B. is associated with forming lasting memories.
C. has direct connections to the occipital lobe.
D. is involved with sensing emotion.
Answer: B. is associated with forming lasting memories.
39. A new, improved brain imaging technique for measuring glucose metabolism of thebrain is called
A. manscan.
B. pet scan.
C. mri.
D. ct scan.
Answer: B. pet scan.
40. The __________ area in the brain acts as a final “switching station” for most incomingsensory information.
A. superior colliculus
B. reticular formation (rf)
C. autonomic nervous system
D. thalamus
Answer: D. thalamus
41. Which of the following is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?
A. sex
B. eating and drinking
C. temperature control
D. posture
Answer: D. posture
42. __________ measures the structure of the brain by utilizing a series of x-rays.
A. eeg
B. ct scan
C. mri scan
D. pet
Answer: B. ct scan
43. The sleep-wake cycle is an example of a _____ rhythm.
A. circadian
B. biological
C. phase advance
D. phase delay
Answer: A. circadian
44. The sleep stage associated with dreaming includes:
A. stage one
B. stage two
C. stage three
D. rem stage
Answer: D. rem stage
45. During which stage of sleep are humans paralyzed and unable to move?
A. stage one
B. stage two
C. stage three
D. rem stage
Answer: D. rem stage
46. A sleep disorder in which an awake person suffers from repeated, sudden, andirresistible REM sleep attacks is known as:
A. insomnia
B. narcolepsy
C. somnambulism
D. sleep apnea
Answer: B. narcolepsy
47. The ability to be aware that one is dreaming and to direct one’s dreams is known as:
A. lucid dreaming
B. nightmares
C. night terror
D. sleep apnea
Answer: A. lucid dreaming
48. Which one of the following psychoactive drugs falls in the “stimulant” category?
A. lsd
B. caffeine
C. alcohol
D. opiates
Answer: B. caffeine
49. Electrical stimulation of the ______ produced sympathetic arousal and aggressiveattack.
A. lateral hypothalamus
B. amygdala
C. medial hypothalamus
D. frontal cortex
Answer: B. amygdala
50. Which of the following structures does not belong to the limbic system?
A. striatum
B. amygdala
C. hippocampus
D. hypothalamus
Answer: A. striatum
51. The amygdala and hippocampus are found in the medial or inner part of the:
A. parietal lobes
B. temporal lobes
C. frontal lobes
D. cingulate gyrus
Answer: B. temporal lobes
52. Damage to the lateral hypothalamus may lead to a condition known as
A. frolic’s syndrome.
B. klingfilters syndrome
C. osmosis
D. narcolepsy
Answer: A. frolic’s syndrome.
53. Destruction of the ……………… results in hyperphagia and obesity.
A. dorsomedial nucleus
B. ventromedial nucleus
C. posterior nucleus
D. anterior nucleus
Answer: A. dorsomedial nucleus
54. Motives are activated by
A. thoughts.
B. internal physiological states.
C. external cues.
D. all of these.
Answer: D. all of these.
55. Which of the following is true of emotion but is NOT true of motivation?
A. it activates one’s behavior.
B. it affects the selection of one behavior over another.
C. it is associated with one’s reaction to stimuli.
D. it is accompanied by physiological arousal of the autonomic nervous system produced in response to a stimulus.
Answer: D. it is accompanied by physiological arousal of the autonomic nervous system produced in response to a stimulus.
56. Which of the following is true of motivation?
A. it activates and directs behavior.
B. it is accompanied by physiological arousal of the autonomic nervous system produced in response to a stimulus.
C. it involves the cognitive interpretation of body arousal.
D. it involves a positive or negative conscious experience.
Answer: A. it activates and directs behavior.
57. Which of the following would generally be classified as a motive rather than anemotion?
A. anger
B. hunger
C. fear
D. passion
Answer: B. hunger
58. What is a homeostatic mechanism?
A. a process that regulates the essential, internal biological states
B. the regulation of behavior in response to external stimuli
C. the tendency to seek out stimulation and novel environments
D. the tendency to increase stimulation to create pleasurable feelings
Answer: A. a process that regulates the essential, internal biological states
59. Maintaining a relatively constant concentration of water and sugar in the body isregulated by
A. intrinsic motivation.
B. homeostatic mechanisms.
C. instinct.
D. extrinsic motivation.
Answer: B. homeostatic mechanisms.
60. Which of the following is an example of a behavior regulated by homeostasis?
A. going skydiving for the sheer thrill of it
B. arranging food on a plate for aesthetic appeal
C. standing in the shade on a hot day
D. calling a friend to cheer you up
Answer: C. standing in the shade on a hot day
61. The “feeding system” center of the brain is located in the
A. lateral hypothalamus.
B. ventromedial hypothalamus.
C. ventromedial amygdala.
D. lateral hypothalamus.
Answer: D. lateral hypothalamus.
62. Which of the following will stimulate the lateral hypothalamus?
A. high glucose levels
B. high glycerol levels
C. stomach contractions
D. high leptin levels
Answer: C. stomach contractions
63. Which part of the brain increases and decreases hunger by controlling blood sugarlevels?
A. paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
B. ventromedial hypothalamus
C. lateral area of the hypothalamus
D. pituitary gland
Answer: A. paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
64. Which of the following is a true statement about eating speed?
A. people should eat slowly in order to allow their brains time to detect the increase in blood glucose
B. people should eat quickly in order to be sure to “catching” he increase in blood glucose.
C. people should eat slowly in order to allow their brains time to detect the increase in blood glucose.
D. people should eat quickly in order to quickly stimulate the “stop eating” center in the brain.
Answer: C. people should eat slowly in order to allow their brains time to detect the increase in blood glucose.
65. Which of the following is NOT a cue that regulates eating?
A. body fat levels
B. stomach contractions
C. blood sugar levels
D. total blood volume
Answer: D. total blood volume
66. Which of the following will stimulate the paraventricular nucleus and the ventromedialhypothalamus?
A. low levels of insulin
B. stomach contractions
C. high leptin levels
D. low leptin levels
Answer: C. high leptin levels
67. Rats whose adrenal glands have been removed develop a preference for
A. sugar within 24 hours.
B. high fat foods almost immediately.
C. foods high in calcium.
D. salt within 15 seconds of it being offered.
Answer: D. salt within 15 seconds of it being offered.
68. Which of the following is a true statement about the biological regulation of thirst in the brain?
A. the brain has a “drink system,” but does not have a “stop drinking system.”
B. the brain has a “stop drinking system,” but does not have a “drink system.”
C. the brain has both a “drink system” and a “stop drinking system,” and these control centers use the same neurotransmitters as the control centers for hunger.
D. the brain has both a “drink system” and a “stop drinking system,” but these control centers use different neurotransmitters from the control centers for hunger.
Answer: D. the brain has both a “drink system” and a “stop drinking system,” but these control centers use different neurotransmitters from the control centers for hunger.
69. When the concentration of salt increases on the outside of the specialized cells located inthe drink center of the hypothalamus,
A. adh is released into the bloodstream.
B. glucagon is released from the liver.
C. the pancreas releases insulin.
D. a message to stop drinking is sent to the cortex.
Answer: A. adh is released into the bloodstream.
70. Which of the following occurs when the level of fluid in the cells decreases?
A. the blood vessels contract.
B. the mouth feels dry.
C. the pituitary gland secretes adh into the bloodstream.
D. the kidneys cause the creation of angiotensin in the blood.
Answer: C. the pituitary gland secretes adh into the bloodstream.
71. ………………., a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people asoverweight.
A. body mass index
B. weight index
C. obesity index
D. mass index
Answer: A. body mass index
72. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of i. of excessive dietary calories, ii. lack of physical activity, iii. genetic susceptibility iv. endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1,2 and 4 only
C. 1,2 and 3 only
D. all of these
Answer: D. all of these
73. …..………………..(“weight loss surgery”) is the use of surgical intervention in thetreatment of obesity.
A. bariatric surgery
B. obese surgery
C. fat loss surgery
D. caloric surgery
Answer: A. bariatric surgery
74. Excessive thirst, known as……………., along with excessive urination, known as…………………., may be an indication of diabetes.
A. polydipsia and polyuria
B. polyuria and polyuria
C. hypovolemia and hypouria
D. hypouria and hypovolemia
Answer: A. polydipsia and polyuria
75. Hypovolemic thirst i. It’s the thirst resulting from loss of fluids due to bleeding or sweating. It ii. t is thirst associated with low volume of body fluidsiii. It’s the thirst resulting from eating salty foods iv. It is the thirst resulting from hot foods
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 1, 2 and 3 only
D. 1 and 3 only
Answer: A. 1 and 2 only
76. If a food causes sickness, or simply precedes sickness caused by something else, alearned __________ may result.
A. psychosomatic illness
B. taste aversion
C. anorexia
D. specific hunger
Answer: B. taste aversion
77. The manufacture of adrenalin and noradrenalin is controlled by:
A. nervous system
B. endocrine system
C. regulatory system
D. circulatory system
Answer: A. nervous system
78. Both the terms “emotion” and “motivation” came from the same Latin root:
A. movement
B. move
C. moment
D. “movere”
Answer: D. “movere”
79. Physiologists use the term homeostasis to describe the body’s tendency to maintain abalance or equilibrium among it’s:
A. external physiological status and environment
B. internal physiological status and the environment
C. displacement behaviour and encepha- lization
D. approach gradient and avoidance gradient
Answer: C. displacement behaviour and encepha- lization
80. Those internal mechanisms of the body which, by controlling numerous highlycomplicated physiological processes, keep it in a state of equilibrium are known as:
A. homeostases
B. nervous system
C. nutrition
D. none of the above
Answer: A. homeostases
81. Homeostasis is the overall term for equilibrium preserving tendencies with an organismby which:
A. neurophysiological condition is maintained
B. psychological condition is maintained
C. physiological condition is maintained
D. psychophysical condition is maintained
Answer: A. neurophysiological condition is maintained
82. Sex is a:
A. biological motive
B. physiological motive
C. both (a) and (b)
D. psychological motive
Answer: C. both (a) and (b)
83. The process of maintaining the biochemical balance or equilibrium throughout humanbody is referred as:
A. osmosis
B. circulation
C. hoeostasis
D. nervous system
Answer: C. hoeostasis
84. A pituitary hormone associated with the secretion of milk is known as:
A. prolactin
B. adrenalin
C. estrogens
D. progesterones
Answer: A. prolactin
85. A motive that is primarily learned rather than basing on biological needs is known as:
A. physical motive
B. psychological motive
C. neurophysiological motive
D. psychological motive
Answer: D. psychological motive
86. The hypothalamus plays an important role in the regulation of:
A. food intake
B. water intake
C. alcohol intake
D. both food and water intake
Answer: A. food intake
87. Lateral hypothalamus (LH) is otherwise known as:
A. stimulating centre
B. circulatory centre
C. feeding centre
D. water centre
Answer: C. feeding centre
88. Research evidences indicated that ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH):
A. facilitates eating
B. expedites eating
C. both facilitates and
D. inhibits eating expedites eating
Answer: D. inhibits eating expedites eating
89. Electrical stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) cells:
A. inhibits eating
B. facilitates eating
C. expedites eating
D. both expedites and inhibits eating
Answer: A. inhibits eating
90. Injections of glucose (which raise blood sugar level):
A. facilitate eating
B. expedite eating
C. both expedite and facilitate eating
D. inhibit eating
Answer: D. inhibit eating
91. Injections of insulin (which lower blood sugar level):
A. increase food intake
B. decrease food intake
C. expedite food intake
D. facilitate food intake
Answer: A. increase food intake
92. Studies indicated that the hypothalamus contains cells (glucoreceptors) sensitive to therate of which:
A. glucose passes through them
B. glucose stimulates them
C. glucose inhibits them
D. glucose both stimulates and inhibits them
Answer: A. glucose passes through them
93. An empty stomach produces the periodic contractions of muscles in the stomach wallwhich we identify as:
A. stomach ache
B. stomach pain
C. stomach ailment
D. hunger pangs
Answer: D. hunger pangs
94. Obesity is thought to stem from disturbances during the:
A. phallic stage of psychosexual development
B. oral and anal stages of psychosexual development
C. genital stage of psychosexual development
D. latency period of psychosexual development
Answer: B. oral and anal stages of psychosexual development
95. Dehydration of the osmoreceptors can be produced by depriving the organism of:
A. food
B. water
C. blood
D. sugar
Answer: B. water
96. Water deficit in the body increases the concentration of:
A. pottasium
B. insulin
C. sugar
D. sodium
Answer: D. sodium
97. The main erotogenic zone of our body is:
A. mouth
B. genitals
C. anal zones
D. lips
Answer: B. genitals
98. Which of the following could NOT serve as an operational definition for anger?
A. reddening of the face.
B. feelings of hostility
C. threatening posture
D. attack behaviour.
Answer: A. reddening of the face.
99. If it were discovered that destruction of a particular area of the brain disrupted a certain behaviour but that destruction of any other part of the brain had no effect on thatbehaviour, this would be evidence in favour of
A. antilocalisation
B. localisation of function
C. both localisation and antilocalisation, depending upon the size of the lesion
D. plasticity
Answer: B. localisation of function
100. Some researchers believe that an abnormally high level of dopamine may be related tothe occurrence of
A. parkinson\s disease
B. mental depression
C. alzheimer\s disease
D. schizophrenia
Answer: D. schizophrenia
101. Any drug capable of effecting behaviour is called
A. psychoactive
B. psychopharmacological
C. psychedelic
D. consciousness alerting
Answer: A. psychoactive
102. Testosterone is
A. an androgen
B. an estrogen
C. a progestin
D. a monoamine
Answer: A. an androgen
103. The part of the brain that interacts most importantly with the sex hormones in theregulation of sexual behaviour is the
A. hypothalamus
B. cortex.
C. thalamus
D. medulla
Answer: A. hypothalamus
104. ——————- is the tendency to eat in response to negative emotions.
A. Binge eating
B. Emotional eating
C. Dieting
D. Over eating
Answer: B. Emotional eating
105. Feeding center is a group of cells in the _______________that when stimulated cause asensation of hunger.
A. lateral hypothalamus
B. cerebral cortex
C. mid brain
D. ventromedial hypothalamus
Answer: A. lateral hypothalamus
106. A chronic lack of nutritious food can cause various illnesses, and will eventually lead to______________.
A. Depression
B. Misfunction
C. Starvation
D. Suppression
Answer: C. Starvation
107. Damage to the lateral hypothalamus may lead to a condition known as ______________.
A. Anorexia nervosa
B. Bulimia
C. Frölich\s syndrome
D. Cohen syndrome
Answer: C. Frölich\s syndrome
108. ________________also determine food intake in the long-term and are important inmaintaining energy balance over a nutritionally significant interval.
A. Metabolic signals
B. Cephalic signals
C. Gastrointestinal signals
D. Intestinal signals
Answer: A. Metabolic signals
109. Russek first proposed the ____________as a site where changes in metabolism aredetected to control feeding behavior,
A. Intestine
B. Liver
C. Thalamus
D. Hormone
Answer: B. Liver
110. The _______________is a key hypothalamic nucleus in the regulation of appetite.
A. CART
B. NPY
C. ARC
D. PVN
Answer: C. ARC
111. Lesioning of the __________________reduces bodyweight.
A. LHA
B. MCH
C. VMN
D. NPY
Answer: A. LHA
112. The __________________has also recently been described as the site of a novelhypothalamic appetite-regulatory circuit involving triiodothyronine (T3).
A. LHA
B. MCH
C. VMN
D. NPY
Answer: C. VMN
113. The ______________ postulates that certain ethnic groups may be more prone to obesityin an equivalent environment.
A. Glucostatic hypothesis
B. lipostatic hypothesis
C. Russek’s studies
D. Thrifty gene hypothesis
Answer: D. Thrifty gene hypothesis
114. ______________is produced by adipose tissue to signal fat storage reserves in the body,and mediates long-term appetitive controls,
A. Leptin
B. Ghrelin
C. Orexin
D. PYY 3-36
Answer: A. Leptin
115. Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, along with excessive urination, known as polyuria, may be an indication of ___________.
A. Renal problems
B. Diabetes
C. Starvation
D. seizures
Answer: B. Diabetes
116. _______________________sense a decreased blood volume, and signal to area postrema andnucleus tractus solitarius as well.
A. Arterial baroreceptors
B. Subfornical organ
C. renin angiotensin system (RAS)
D. Cardiopulmonary receptors
Answer: D. Cardiopulmonary receptors
117. The stages of sleep were first described in 1937 by ______________________.
A. Alfred Lee Loomis
B. Edward Adolph
C. Clark Hull
D. Jenny Craig
Answer: A. Alfred Lee Loomis
118. Cortical ablation effects on learning and retention was studies by————–
A. Watson
B. Woodworth
C. Johnson
D. Lashley
Answer: D. Lashley
119. The principle of————–action states that the cortex acts as a whole in learning.
A. Cell
B. Neuron
C. Unit
D. Mass
Answer: D. Mass
120. Emotion was a conscious state that resulted from sensed emotional behaviour andvisceral reaction:
A. Cannon-Bard
B. William James
C. Young
D. Arnold
Answer: A. Cannon-Bard
121. —————–and————–have proposed that emotional behaviour and experience areinitiated by the cortex and merely carried out by the hypothalamus.
A. Cannon and Bard
B. Freeman and Arnold
C. Papez and Arnold
D. James and Lange
Answer: B. Freeman and Arnold
122. ——–suggested a circuit from the entorbinal cortex to the hippocampus, then to hypothalamus via the fornix, from there to the anterior thalamus, and finally to thecingulated gyrus involved in emotional experience.
A. Schacter
B. Cannon
C. James
D. Papez
Answer: D. Papez
123. An instruments that measures several emotional responses controlled by the ANS:
A. Ergograph
B. Polygraph
C. Tathistoscope
D. Mayograph
Answer: B. Polygraph
124. ——-is the oldest areas of the cerebral cortex, originally devoted to smell
A. Paleocortex
B. amydala
C. Premotor area
D. Perelymph
Answer: A. Paleocortex
125. ————–is a hypersexed behaviour resulted from bilateral removal of the temporallobes
A. Hysteria
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Kliver-Bucy syndrome
D. Myopia
Answer: C. Kliver-Bucy syndrome
126. The role of hippocampus on short term memory was studies by—————–
A. Penfield
B. Pilzeck
C. Russel
D. Pavlov
Answer: A. Penfield
127. —————-conducted that consolidation is a “time-dependent process that is essential tothe formation of long-term memory”
A. Russel
B. Muller
C. Penfield
D. McGaugh
Answer: C. Penfield
128. ————–model proposed that interference patterns among the firing or slow potentials of many cells forms the mechanism by means of which memories are impressed andexpressed.
A. Axon
B. Consolidation
C. Fundav
D. Hologram
Answer: D. Hologram
129. The concept that phylogenetically newer and more complex parts of the brain take over,or dominate, the functioning of older parts of the brain, is termed as:
A. Encephalization
B. habituation
C. consolidation
D. perseveration
Answer: A. Encephalization
130. —————is the removal of part of brain
A. Delation
B. Ablation
C. Lesion
D. Ageutia
Answer: B. Ablation
131. —————–fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres, such as those of the corpuscollosum and anterior and posterior
A. Corpus striatum
B. Commissural
C. Coccygeal
D. Gaglion
Answer: B. Commissural
132. —————are the striped bodies; subcortical centers within the cerebral hemispheres,consisting of alternating layers of gray and white matter
A. Corpus striatum
B. Corpus luteum
C. Commissural fibers
D. Corpus collosum
Answer: A. Corpus striatum
133. Sickled -shaped band of crossing nerve fibers that connect the cerebral hemispheres, is
A. Corticobulbar tract
B. Corpus striatum
C. Corpus Callosum
D. Corpus luteum
Answer: C. Corpus Callosum
134. —–is the principle that any part of the cortex can serve as well as any other part inlearning.
A. Two-phase
B. Purkinjee
C. Parkinson’s
D. Equipotentiality
Answer: D. Equipotentiality
135. Impairment in language skills, usually caused by brain damage is;
A. Aphagia
B. Aphasia
C. Alaxia
D. Amensia
Answer: C. Alaxia
136. Loss of attention to a stimulus caused by repetition, or lack of novelty, is
A. Gastrula
B. Habituation
C. Hypoxia
D. Cupula
Answer: B. Habituation
137. Experimental studies in visceral and glandular conditioning put forth by
A. Pavlov
B. Skinner
C. Neal Miller
D. Watson
Answer: C. Neal Miller
138. According to the —hypothesis, the process of laying down a permanent memory tracethat is caused by perseveration of neural activity after practice
A. Two-phase
B. Single-phase
C. Conduction
D. Reflex model
Answer: A. Two-phase
139. The process of laying down a permanent memory trace that is caused by preservation
A. Convergence
B. Consolidation
C. Correlation
D. Contraction
Answer: B. Consolidation
140. ————is the brain activity that follows practice, is the basis for immediate memory.
A. Contraction
B. Perseveration
C. Conduction
D. Posttatanic
Answer: B. Perseveration
141. An instrument that measures several emotional responses such as the GSR, breathing,heart rate, and blood pressure;
A. Pneumograph
B. Myograph
C. Polygraph
D. Pilomotor
Answer: C. Polygraph
142. ——-aphasia results from damage to a specific area of th left frontal lobe, just anterior tothe lower end
A. Wernicker’s
B. Gazzaniga’s
C. Broca’s
D. Bartlett’s
Answer: C. Broca’s
143. According to———theory, diffuse sympathetic discharge prepares an animal for fight orflight, both highly emotional responses.
A. Central
B. Cognitive
C. Evolutionary
D. Emergency
Answer: D. Emergency
144. ————–argues emotion was a conscious state that resulted from sensed emotionalbehaviour and visceral reactions.
A. William James
B. J. B. Watson
C. P. T. Young
D. Arnold
Answer: A. William James
145. Activation Theory of emotion was proposed by
A. J.
B. Watson (b) Arnold
C. P. T. Young
D. Lindsley
Answer: D. Lindsley
146. Central theory of emotion was proposed by
A. William James
B. Young
C. Canon
D. Aronold
Answer: C. Canon
147. The central nervous system is composed of _______ and spinal cord
A. Cerebellum
B. Brain
C. Cerebral hemispheres
D. Cranial nerves
Answer: B. Brain
148. Peripheral nervous system is connected to the central nervous system and most of theseconnections are made via
A. Spinal cord.
B. Cranial nerves
C. Medulla
D. Pons
Answer: A. Spinal cord.
149. Which part of nervous system responsible for “vegetative” processes?
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
C. Central nervous system
D. Sympathetic nervous system
Answer: B. Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
150. Cranial nerves are part of —————
A. Spinal cord
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Sympathetic nervous system
Answer: B. peripheral nervous system
151. Function of optic nerve is
A. Controls muscles of the eye
B. Carrying information from the eyes to the brain
C. Carrying information about smell to the brain
D. Carries information from the inner ear to the brain
Answer: B. Carrying information from the eyes to the brain
152. ———- of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord
A. 12 pairs
B. 5 pairs
C. 31 pairs
D. 23 pairs
Answer: C. 31 pairs
153. ___________has a major role in the ‘fight or flight’ response
A. Spinal cord
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: B. Autonomic nervous system
154. __________helps to maintain bodily homeostasis
A. Autonomic nervous system
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Spinal cord
D. Sympathetic nervous system
Answer: A. Autonomic nervous system
155. polygraph was invented in 1921 by John Augustus Larson
A. John Augustus Larson
B. Leonarde Keeler
C. Cesare Lombroso
D. Vittorio Benussi
Answer: A. John Augustus Larson
156. _____________is considered as information superhighway
A. Brain
B. Cranial nerves
C. Thalamus
D. Spinal cord
Answer: D. Spinal cord
157. ————–part of CNS manages reflex behavior
A. Medulla
B. Spinal cord
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Thalamus
Answer: B. Spinal cord
158. In suprasegmental reflex
A. comprises neurons associated with one or even a few spinal segments
B. consists of neurons associated with several spinal segments
C. involves neurons in the brain that influence the reflex activity in the spinal cord
D. spinal cord does not involve
Answer: C. involves neurons in the brain that influence the reflex activity in the spinal cord
159. ———–is not a part of hindbrain
A. Medulla
B. Pons
C. Thalamus
D. cerebellum
Answer: C. Thalamus
160. —————-is considering as little brain
A. Thalamus
B. Cerebellum
C. Hypothalamus
D. Pons
Answer: B. Cerebellum
161. Vision is associated with
A. Red nucleus
B. Substantia nigra
C. Superior colliculi
D. Inferior colliculi
Answer: C. Superior colliculi
162. Diencephalon and the telencephalon are the divisions of ———–
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Cerebrum
Answer: B. Midbrain
163. ————is named as relay center in the brain
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pons
C. Thalamus
D. Spinal cord
Answer: C. Thalamus
164. ————- plays an important role in regulating states of sleep and wakefulness
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Amygdale
D. limbic cortex
Answer: A. Thalamus
165. ———– is a major regulatory center for behaviors such as eating, drinking, sex, biorhythms,and temperature control
A. Hypothalamus
B. Thalamus
C. Limbic system
D. cerebellum
Answer: A. Hypothalamus
166. —————-plays important roles in fear, rage, and aggression
A. Amygdale
B. Hippocampus
C. Olfactory bulbs
D. limbic cortex
Answer: A. Amygdale
167. Broca’s area is located in ————–
A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: A. Frontal lobe
168. Wernicke’s area is located in ————–
A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: C. Temporal lobe
169. Wavelength is perceived by the visual system as —————–
A. Brightness
B. Depth
C. Distance
D. Color
Answer: D. Color
170. The major interior chamber of the eye is filled with a jellylike substance called
A. aqueous humor
B. vitreous humor
C. epithelium
D. Cerebro spinal fluid
Answer: B. vitreous humor
171. ————are used for seeing in low light conditions
A. Cones
B. Blind spot
C. fovea
D. Rods
Answer: D. Rods
172. ————are helping for color vision
A. Cones
B. Blind spot
C. fovea
D. Rods
Answer: A. Cones
173. blind spot consists of
A. more number of cones
B. more number of rods
C. more number of rods and cones
D. no rods and cones
Answer: D. no rods and cones
174. fovea composed of
A. more number of cones
B. more number of rods
C. more number of rods and cones
D. no rods and cones
Answer: A. more number of cones
175. is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross
A. optic chiasma
B. lateral geniculate nucleus
C. Superior Colliculus
D. optic tract
Answer: A. optic chiasma
176. opponent-process theory of color vision is proposed by
A. Thomas Young
B. Edwin Land
C. Ewald Hering
D. Hurvich and Jameson
Answer: C. Ewald Hering
177. Semicircular canals are involved in which sense?
A. Auditory
B. Kinesthetic
C. Olfactory
D. Visual
Answer: A. Auditory
178. The dispute between the place theory and the frequency theory has to do withthe action of the
A. Basilar Membrane
B. Ossicles
C. Inferior colliculus
D. Somatosensory cortex
Answer: A. Basilar Membrane
179. Disruptions of dopamine transmission lead to resting tremors and jerky motormovements called —–
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Amnesia
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. schizophrenia
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
180. Motor disturbances in Parkinson’s disease can be treated with a drug called—–
A. Amphetamine
B. Haloperidol
C. L-dopa
D. Lithium
Answer: C. L-dopa
181. The endocrine system is the internal communication network in the body, and ituses chemical messengers called—–
A. Neurons
B. Blood
C. Impulses
D. Hormones
Answer: D. Hormones
182. Which hormone increases body energy and prepare us for ‘Fight or Flight’response?
A. Thyroxin
B. Dopamine
C. Adrenaline
D. Serotonin
Answer: C. Adrenaline
183. Which part is known as the ‘ relay centre’ and transmit almost all the sensorymessages?
A. Cerebellum
B. Thalamus
C. Limbic system
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Thalamus
184. Which chemical in the following list can act as both a neurotransmitter and ahormone?
A. Epinephrine
B. Dopamine
C. Insulin
D. Thyroxin
Answer: A. Epinephrine
185. Once hormone has been secreted, it reaches to target organ through
A. Neurons
B. Blood
C. Proteins
D. Neurotransmitters
Answer: B. Blood
186. Insulin is an example of
A. peptides
B. amino acids
C. fatty acids
D. Steroids
Answer: A. peptides
187. What is a target cell?
A. Specialized receptor cells that accepts hormones
B. Specialized cells that secrets hormones
C. Cells which controls the secretion rate of hormones
D. Cells that determine where to store hormones
Answer: A. Specialized receptor cells that accepts hormones
188. Endocrine glands are called ductless glands because they secrete theirhormones:
A. through genes
B. directly into the blood
C. through chromosomes
D. through tubes
Answer: B. directly into the blood
189. Which neurotransmitter is produced by the neurons located in a region of braincalled substantia nigra?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Nor epinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: C. Dopamine
190. Under strong emotions:
A. Thyroxin is secreted
B. Cortin is secreted
C. Adrenalin is secreted
D. Dopamine is secreted
Answer: C. Adrenalin is secreted
191. Autocrine action is used to describe a hormone that :
A. Acts on the cells that released it.
B. More localized action
C. Acts quickly under emergency conditions
D. Acts automatically
Answer: A. Acts on the cells that released it.
192. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is an example of :
A. Neurochemical
B. Hormones
C. Neurohormones
D. Chemical
Answer: C. Neurohormones
193. , the receptors within the endocrine gland register that there is enough hormone circulating and turn off production and/or release of any more hormone at somecut-off point, known as:
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Response initiation
D. Response prevention
Answer: B. Negative feedback
194. Release of oxytosine is an example of
A. Hormone secretion
B. Positive feedback
C. Negative feedback
D. Neurochemical secretion
Answer: B. Positive feedback
195. Most of the hormones that circulate around the body are controlled in oneway or another by ———-
A. Pituitary gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Liver
D. Thymus gland
Answer: A. Pituitary gland
196. Control of the anterior pituitary is by ———–inputs from the hypothalamusbut the posterior pituitary are controlled by ——–input from the hypothalamus.
A. Hormonal; Neuronal
B. Neuronal; Hormonal
C. Hormonal; electro chemical
D. Neuronal; electrical
Answer: A. Hormonal; Neuronal
197. Two hormones which have a significant role at the time of child birth are:
A. Oxytocin and adrenaline
B. Dopamine and vasopressin
C. Serotonine and vasopressin
D. Oxytocin and vasopressin
Answer: D. Oxytocin and vasopressin
198. The hormones released by the anterior pituitary are usually stimulatinghormones but one of them acts directly on target cells:
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Dopamine
D. Epinephrine
Answer: B. Prolactin
199. glucocorticoids, the mineralocorticoids and the sex steroids are released bywhich gland?
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Pancreas
D. Gonads
Answer: B. Adrenal cortex
200. Sex steroids are involved in:
A. Reproduction
B. Delivery
C. Secondary sexual charecteristics
D. Sexual arousal
Answer: C. Secondary sexual charecteristics
201. Diabetic conditions are due to imbalance in the secretion of ——- and ——-hormones from—–gland.
A. Insulin and glucagon; pancreas
B. Insulin and cortisol; pancreas
C. Glucagon and steroids; pituitary
D. Insulin and glucagon; liver
Answer: A. Insulin and glucagon; pancreas
202. Which among the following is not a hormone secreted by thyroid gland?
A. Thyroxine
B. Thyroidim
C. Triiodothyronine
D. Calcitonin
Answer: B. Thyroidim
203. Which among the following is right?
A. Thymus gland; metabolism
B. Thyroid; cellular immunity
C. Pineal gland ; melatonin
D. Ovaries ; calcium regulation
Answer: C. Pineal gland ; melatonin
204. Which is not a part of the basal ganglia?
A. Caudate nucleus
B. Putamen
C. Basal nucleus
D. Globus pallidus
Answer: C. Basal nucleus
205. Lesions in the primary motor cortex produce ———-and lesions in the otherareas involved in movement produce a variety——
A. Apraxia; paralysis
B. Paralysis; Apraxia
C. Ataxia : weakness
D. Weakness; paralysis
Answer: B. Paralysis; Apraxia
206. Which motor pathways has been involved in non-voluntary movement?
A. The extrapyramidal system
B. The pyramidal system
C. Corticobulbar tract
D. The corticospinal tract
Answer: A. The extrapyramidal system
207. Muscle weakness, lack of coordination, slurring of speech and ataxia aresymptoms of damage to which part of the brain?
A. Primary motor area
B. Limbic area
C. Cerebellum
D. Basal ganglia
Answer: C. Cerebellum
208. A motor unit is a combination of ————-and ———-
A. Motor neuron and the subset of fibers
B. Motor neuron and somatosensory neuron
C. Motor neuron and motor cortex
D. Motor neuron and pre motor area
Answer: A. Motor neuron and the subset of fibers
209. The neurochemical which has a major role in motor control is;
A. Dopamine
B. Adrenalin
C. Serotonine
D. Acetylcholine
Answer: D. Acetylcholine
210. Withdrawal reflex is an example of ————reflex;
A. Flexion reflex
B. Polysynaptic reflexes
C. Monosynaptic stretch reflex
D. Simple reflex
Answer: B. Polysynaptic reflexes
211. Interneuron has a significant role in polysynaptic reflexes because;
A. It stimulate muscles
B. It connects to interior part of motor neurons
C. It connect with several motor neurons
D. It goes in sequential order
Answer: C. It connect with several motor neurons
212. ———–muscles react slowly to stimulation, and produces mostly longerlasting changes
A. Striated
B. Cardiac
C. Smooth
D. Glandular
Answer: C. Smooth
213. Phenylthiocarbamide usually used to test;
A. Color blindness
B. Taste blindness
C. Auditory response
D. Acute vision
Answer: B. Taste blindness
214. ————-provide the receptor surface for taste.
A. Microvilli
B. Free nerve ending
C. Striated cells
D. Glia cells
Answer: A. Microvilli
215. Among the following regions where does maximum number of taste budslocate?
A. Fungiform papillae
B. Foliate papillae
C. Circumvallate papillae
D. Simple papillae
Answer: C. Circumvallate papillae
216. When we apply some taste substance on tounge it leads ————in the tastehairs;
A. Polarization
B. Depolarization
C. Repolarization
D. Resting potential
Answer: B. Depolarization
217. Type of taste that will be perceived is primarily determined by;
A. Type of receptor protein in each taste villus
B. Type of receptor amino acids in each taste villus
C. Type of amino acids in each taste villus
D. Type of ion channels in each taste villus
Answer: A. Type of receptor protein in each taste villus
218. Certain smells can induce emotions and related memory due to theinvolvement of————–
A. Basal ganglia
B. Medulla
C. Limbic system
D. Thalamus
Answer: C. Limbic system
219. Free nerve endings respond to which sensation?
A. Taste
B. Audition
C. Pain
D. Vision
Answer: C. Pain
220. Aching pain, throbbing pain, nauseous pain, and chronic pain are examples of:
A. Slow pain
B. Fast pain
C. Acute pain
D. Chronic pain
Answer: A. Slow pain
221. If we stimulate the periaqueductal gray area or in the raphe magnus nucleusinthe brain, what changes will happen in pain sensitivity?
A. Pain increases
B. Pain become chronic
C. Pain stops immediately
D. Pain decreases
Answer: D. Pain decreases
222. The nerve endings which helps in the perception of deep continuous pressureand to stretch;
A. Bulbs of Krause
B. Organs of Ruffini
C. Free nerve endings
D. Pacinian
Answer: B. Organs of Ruffini
223. Which of the following is associated with the hypothalamus?
A. Refined body movements
B. Lateral geniculate nucleus
C. Spatial perception
D. Homeostatic regulation
Answer: D. Homeostatic regulation
224. Proprioceptors; ————————-, kinesthetic sense; ———
A. Monitor position of the body parts; monitor our own movements
B. Monitor perception; monitor sensations
C. Monitor our own movements; monitor position of the body parts
D. Monitor sensations; monitor perception
Answer: C. Monitor our own movements; monitor position of the body parts
225. Sensory hair cells are an example of;
A. Neurotendinous receptors
B. Proprioceptors
C. Motor neuron
D. Nerve endings
Answer: B. Proprioceptors
226. The optic nerve is composed of one axon fiber extending from each ___ cell inthe retina.
A. Ganglion
B. Bipolar
C. Cone
D. Rode
Answer: A. Ganglion
227. Different groups of cone cells are specialized for absorption in all thefollowing regions of the visible spectrum except
A. Green
B. Red
C. Blue
D. Yellow
Answer: D. Yellow
228. Deep pressure on the skin is sensed by
A. Free nerve endings
B. Meissner\s corpuscles
C. Pacinian corpuscles
D. Merkel\s discs
Answer: C. Pacinian corpuscles
229. Of the four basic taste modalities, the one most limited to the tip of the tongueis
A. Bitter
B. Sour
C. Salty
D. Sweet
Answer: D. Sweet
230. Olfaction (smell) differs from other sensory modalities because it
A. Does not transmit to the cerebral cortex but only to lower brain centers.
B. Does not transmit to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus
C. Can function as either an interoceptor or exteroceptor
D. Uses lateral inhibition
Answer: B. Does not transmit to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus
231. Hair cells are involved in all of the following receptors except
A. Semicircular canals
B. The cochlea
C. Taste buds
D. The urethra
Answer: C. Taste buds
232. The bone attached to the medial side of the tympanic membrane, is the
A. Stapes
B. incubus
C. Incus
D. Malleus
Answer: D. Malleus
233. Sound waves travel from the air to the tympanic membrane by way of the ;
A. Pinna
B. Auditory tube
C. external auditory meatus
D. Cochlear duct
Answer: C. external auditory meatus
234. The sensory hair cells of the cochlea organ of Corti are anchored on the
A. Basilar membrane
B. Vestibular membrane
C. Tectorial membrane
D. Tympanic membrane
Answer: A. Basilar membrane
235. The optic nerve and blood vessels exits the eye, and arteries enter it, at the
A. optic chiasma
B. Macula
C. fovea centralis
D. optic disc
Answer: D. optic disc
236. The ability of the eyes to keep an image focused on the retinadespite changes in the distance to the object viewed is called
A. Refraction
B. Hyperopia
C. Adaptation
D. Accommodation
Answer: D. Accommodation
237. Which of the following does not belong with the rest?
A. Rod cells
B. Amacrine cells
C. Bipolar cells
D. Ganglion cells
Answer: A. Rod cells
238. ____________ are the basic units of communication in the nervous system.
A. Cells
B. Neurons
C. Axons
D. Dendrites
Answer: B. Neurons
239. ______________ help neurons by providing nutrition, removing waste products,and enhancing the speed of communication between neurons.
A. Axons
B. Dendrites
C. Glial cells
D. Cell body
Answer: C. Glial cells
240. The three basic components of the neurons are ____________, ___________ and____________.
A. Cell body, Glial cells and Axon
B. Dendrites, Axon and Glial cells
C. Axon, Cell body and Synapse
D. Cell body, Axon and Dendrites
Answer: D. Cell body, Axon and Dendrites
241. The _________________ is a white, fatty covering made up of glial cells thatincreases the rate at which neural messages are sent.
A. Glial cell
B. Endocrine
C. Axon terminal
D. Myelin sheath
Answer: D. Myelin sheath
242. Within the neuron, information is communicated in the form of brief electricalmessages called _______________.
A. Myelin sheath
B. Synapse
C. Action potential
D. Neurotransmitter
Answer: C. Action potential
243. The _______________ is the minimum level of stimulation required to activate aparticular neuron.
A. Stimulus threshold
B. Action potential
C. Synaptic transmission
D. Neurotransmission
Answer: A. Stimulus threshold
244. The synaptic vesicles contain chemicals called _______________.
A. Synaptic gap
B. Neurotransmitter
C. Interneurons
D. Myelin sheath
Answer: B. Neurotransmitter
245. ________________ is the process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron sothey can be recycled and used again.
A. Inhibitory
B. Excitatory
C. Action potential
D. Reuptake
Answer: D. Reuptake
246. Our ability to perceive, feel, think, move, act and react depends on the delicatebalance of ___________________ in the nervous system.
A. Neurotransmitter
B. Nervous cell
C. Neurons
D. Brain
Answer: A. Neurotransmitter
247. _______________ stimulates muscle contractions and is involved in memoryfunctions.
A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: A. Acetylcholine
248. ________________ is involved in a number of functions, including movement,attention and learning and abnormal levels are involved in some mental disorders.
A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: C. Dopamine
249. _________________ is involved in sleep, moods and emotional states, includingdepression.
A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: D. Serotonin
250. ________________ has been implicated in some mental disorders and is involved in activation of neurons throughout the brain and in the process of learning andmemory retrieval.
A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: B. Norepinephrine
251. _________________ usually communicates inhibitory messages to other neurons and helps balance and offset excitatory messages.
A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
252. ______________ are neurotransmitters that regulate pain perception and areinvolved in the positive emotions associated with aerobic exercise.
A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B. Norepinephrine
C. Endorphins
D. Serotonin
Answer: C. Endorphins
253. Prozac works by inhibiting the reuptake of __________________, increasing theavailability of this neurotransmitter in the brain.
A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: D. Serotonin
254. _______________ is a highly specialized cell that communicates information inelectrical and chemical form.
A. Neuron
B. Nerve cell
C. Chromosome
D. Nervous
Answer: A. Neuron
255. _______________ is the primary internal communication network of the body;divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
A. Nervous system
B. Endocrine
C. Brain
D. Neuron
Answer: A. Nervous system
256. _______________ is a type of neuron that signals muscles to contract or relax.
A. Interneurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor neurons
D. Excitatory
Answer: C. Motor neurons
257. _______________ is the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus.
A. Axons
B. Dendrites
C. Glial cells
D. Cell body
Answer: D. Cell body
258. ________________ is a brief electrical impulse by which information istransmitted along the axon of a neuron.
A. Myelin sheath
B. Synapse
C. Action potential
D. Neurotransmitter
Answer: C. Action potential
259. _______________ is a chemical messenger manufactured by a neuron.
A. Myelin sheath
B. Synapse
C. Action potential
D. Neurotransmitter
Answer: D. Neurotransmitter
260. ______________ is the long, fluid-filled tube that carries a neuron’s messages toother body areas.
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Glial cell
D. Cell body
Answer: A. Axon
261. ________________ is the point of communication between two neurons.
A. Myelin sheath
B. Synapse
C. Action potential
D. Neurotransmitter
Answer: B. Synapse
262. _________________ are the tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals thatcontain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
A. Synapses
B. Synaptic vesicles
C. Synaptic gaps
D. Postsynaptics
Answer: B. Synaptic vesicles
263. _________________ is a neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation ofbodily movements and thought processes.
A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: C. Dopamine
264. ________________ is the neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity.
A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
265. ______________neurons communicate information from one neuron to the next.
A. Interneurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor neurons
D. Excitatory
Answer: A. Interneurons
266. The ________________ is a tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuronand the dendrite of an adjoining neuron.
A. Synapse
B. Synaptic vesicle
C. Synaptic gap
D. Postsynaptic
Answer: C. Synaptic gap
267. _____________ are made up of large bundles of neuron axons.
A. Neurons
B. Nerves
C. Chromosomes
D. Cell bodies
Answer: B. Nerves
268. ________________ refer to simple, automatic behaviors that are produced by thespinal cord and occur without involvement of the brain.
A. Spinal reflexes
B. Presynaptic
C. Action potential
D. Resting potential
Answer: A. Spinal reflexes
269. ________________ is a chemical substance that inhibits the effect normallyproduced by a neurotransmitter at a receptor site.
A. Endorphins
B. Antagonist
C. Agonist
D. Serotonin
Answer: B. Antagonist
270. Additional evidence indicates that ___________________ also serve to intensify positive sensations- for example, the “runner’s high” many peopleexperience after vigorous exercise.
A. Endorphins
B. Antagonist
C. Agonist
D. Serotonin
Answer: A. Endorphins
271. Degeneration of ___________________ producing neurons has been linked toParkinson’s disease.
A. Serotonin
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Endorphins
Answer: C. Dopamine
272. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, synaptic vesicles movetoward the _____________________.
A. Cell body
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Dendrites
Answer: B. Cell membrane
273. Within the axons of the neuron are _________________, which are held instorage-like vesicles until they are released when the neuron is stimulated.
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Synaptic vesicles
C. Dendrites
D. Cellbodies
Answer: A. Neurotransmitters
274. The ______________ is the most basic signal in the nervous system which consists of a rapidly moving wave of depolarization that travels along themembrane of the individual neuron.
A. Myelin sheath
B. Synapse
C. Action potential
D. Neurotransmitter
Answer: C. Action potential
275. _________________ are the small gaps in the myelin sheath surrounding theaxons of many neurons.
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Synaptic vesicles
C. Nodes of Ranvier
D. Glial cells
Answer: C. Nodes of Ranvier
276. _________________ carry information toward the cell body.
A. Cells
B. Neurons
C. Axons
D. Dendrites
Answer: D. Dendrites
277. _________________ carry information away from the cell body.
A. Cells
B. Neurons
C. Axons
D. Dendrites
Answer: C. Axons
278. In many neurons the axon is covered by a sheath of fatty material known as _____________.
A. Myelin
B. Neurons
C. Glial cells
D. Vesicles
Answer: A. Myelin
279. _______________ help form a barrier that prevents certain substances in thebloodstream from reaching the brain.
A. Axons
B. Dendrites
C. Glial cells
D. Cell body
Answer: C. Glial cells
280. Speeds along myelinated axons can reach ____________ miles per hour.
A. 280
B. 270
C. 260
D. 250
Answer: B. 270
281. Stimulation, either directly or by chemical messages from other neurons,produces ___________________, a basic type of signal within neurons.
A. Spinal reflexes
B. Graded potentials
C. Action potentials
D. Resting potentials
Answer: B. Graded potentials
282. Damage to the ___________________ surrounding axons can seriously affectsynaptic transmission.
A. Glial cell
B. Endocrine
C. Nodes of Ranvier
D. Myelin sheath
Answer: D. Myelin sheath
283. In diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), progressive deterioration of the_______________ leads to jerky, uncoordinated movements in the affected person.
A. Myelin sheath
B. Neurotransmitter
C. Nodes of Ranvier
D. Synapse
Answer: A. Myelin sheath
284. The best-known imaging technique, and the first one developed for widespread use, is an x-ray scanning procedure called ________________.
A. MRI scan
B. PET
C. CT scan
D. functional MRI
Answer: C. CT scan
285. The pseudoscience associated with the study of the skull and personalitybecame known as ___________.
A. Neuroscience
B. Neuropsychology
C. Bioscience
D. Phrenology
Answer: D. Phrenology
286. The __________ of an organism is the full sequence of genes found on thechromosomes with the associated DNA.
A. X chromosome
B. b. Y chromosome
C. c. Genome
D. d. Genetics
Answer: C. c. Genome
287. Researchers in the field of human behavior genetics unite __________ andpsychology to explore the causal link between inheritance and behavior.
A. Chromosome
B. Behavior
C. Genome
D. Genetics
Answer: D. Genetics
288. Researchers in the field of __________________ provide evolutionaryexplanations for the social behavior and social systems of humans and other animal species.
A. Sociobiology
B. Evolutionary psychology
C. Phrenology
D. Anthropology
Answer: A. Sociobiology
289. The reticular formation has long tracts of fibers that run to the ____________, which channels incoming sensory information to the appropriate area of thecerebral cortex, where that information is processed.
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pons
C. Medulla
D. Thalamus
Answer: D. Thalamus
290. The __________, which is the largest of the limbic system structures, plays animportant role in the acquisition of memories.
A. Hippocampus
B. Thalamus
C. Amygdala
D. Pons
Answer: A. Hippocampus
291. The area where the axon connects to the soma is ______________.
A. Axon hillock
B. Terminal buttons
C. Myelin sheath
D. Nodes of Ranvier
Answer: A. Axon hillock
292. When the ___________________is too large to be jumped by the neural impulse, the signal/information must be passed using chemicals asneurotransmitters instead of electrical currents.
A. Spinal reflex
B. Presynaptic
C. Action potential
D. Synaptic cleft
Answer: D. Synaptic cleft
293. ______________ is the DNA segments that serve as the key functional units inhereditary transmission.
A. Chromosome
B. Genotype
C. Phenotype
D. Gene
Answer: D. Gene
294. _______________ is the expression of your genetic makeup (eye color, height, hair color, etc).
A. Chromosome
B. Genotype
C. Phenotype
D. Gene
Answer: C. Phenotype
295. _____________ are the thread-like strands of DNA molecules that form the DNAsegments.
A. Chromosomes
B. Genotypes
C. Phenotypes
D. Genes
Answer: A. Chromosomes
296. In the brain and spinal cord, areas that are mostly axons are called___________ which is possible to differentiate pathways or tracts of these axons.
A. White matter
B. Gray matter
C. Ganglia
D. Nerve
Answer: A. White matter
297. Areas that include large number of cell bodies are called __________________.
A. White matter
B. Gray matter
C. Ganglia
D. Nerve
Answer: B. Gray matter
298. When the action potential reaches the axon ending, it causes tiny bubbles of chemicals called ____________________ to release their contents into the synapticgap.
A. Spinal reflex
B. Presynaptic
C. Synaptic vesicles
D. Synaptic cleft
Answer: C. Synaptic vesicles
299. The surface of the axon contains hundreds of thousands of minisculemechanisms called _______________.
A. Synapses
B. Ion channels
C. Synaptic gaps
D. Postsynaptics
Answer: B. Ion channels
300. The actions of the body’s voluntary muscles are controlled by the______________, located just in front of the central sulcus in the frontal lobes.
A. Somatosensory cortex
B. Motor cortex
C. Cerebral cortex
D. Amygdala
Answer: B. Motor cortex
301. The hypothalamus maintains the body’s internal equilibrium, or ____________.
A. Plasticity
B. Excitatory
C. Homeostasis
D. Resonance
Answer: C. Homeostasis
302. The production of new brain cells from naturally occurring stem cells are called______________.
A. Agenesis
B. Neurogenesis
C. Plastic surgery
D. Brain imaging
Answer: B. Neurogenesis
303. ________________ are unspecialized cells that, under appropriate conditions, canbe prompted to function as new neurons.
A. Ganglion
B. Genome
C. Stem cells
D. Nerve cells
Answer: C. Stem cells
304. Researchers refer to changes in the performance of the brain as _____________.
A. Plasticity
B. Excitatory
C. Spontaneity
D. Resonance
Answer: A. Plasticity
305. The ___________________ is often called the master gland.
A. Thyroid gland
B. Pituitary gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pancreas
Answer: B. Pituitary gland
306. In females, a pituitary hormone stimulates production of _____________, which is essential to the hormonal chain reaction that triggers the release of ova from awoman’s ovaries, making her fertile.
A. Androgen
B. Testosterone
C. Progesterone
D. Estrogen
Answer: D. Estrogen
307. ______________ initiate, maintain and stop development of secondary sexual characteristics, influence levels of arousal and awareness, serve as the basisfor mood changes, and regulate metabolism.
A. Genomes
B. DNA
C. Endocrine
D. Hormones
Answer: D. Hormones
308. The ______________ tends to be more analytical; processes information bit by bit.
A. Right hemisphere
B. Left hemisphere
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: B. Left hemisphere
309. The _______________ tends to be more holistic; processes information withrespect to global patterns.
A. Right hemisphere
B. Left hemisphere
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: A. Right hemisphere
310. One groove called the _____________, divides each hemisphere vertically.
A. Cortex
B. Lateral fissure
C. Central sulcus
D. Brain stem
Answer: C. Central sulcus
311. One groove called the _____________, divides each hemisphere horizontally.
A. Cortex
B. Lateral fissure
C. Central sulcus
D. Brain stem
Answer: B. Lateral fissure
312. In humans, the _________________ dwarfs the rest of the brain, occupying twothirds of its total mass.
A. Hypothalamus
B. Medulla
C. Cerebrum
D. Thalamus
Answer: C. Cerebrum
313. Damage to some areas of the ________________also impairs the ability torecognize the emotional content of facial expressions.
A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala
C. Pons
D. Cerebrum
Answer: B. Amygdala
314. When the body temperature drops, the _________________ causes blood-vesselconstriction or minute involuntary movements, commonly refer to as the “shivers”.
A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thalamus
Answer: C. Hypothalamus
315. The ________________ is the largest of the limbic system structures, plays animportant role in the acquisition of memories.
A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thalamus
Answer: A. Hippocampus
316. The _________is a dense network of nerve cells that serves as the brain’s sentinel.
A. Medulla
B. Association area
C. Reticular formation
D. Limbic system
Answer: C. Reticular formation
317. The ____ contains structures that collectively regulate the internal state of thebody.
A. Stem cells
B. Brain stem
C. Endocrine system
D. Limbic system
Answer: B. Brain stem
318. ___________________ has pioneered the use of electrical stimulation to probestructures deep in the brain.
A. Walter Hess
B. Broca
C. Wernicke
D. Roger Sperry
Answer: A. Walter Hess
319. A ____________ is any substance that modifies or modulates the activities of thepostsynaptic neuron.
A. Neurotransmitter
B. Neuromodulator
C. Acetylcholine
D. Serotonin
Answer: B. Neuromodulator
320. _______________often found in food that has been preserved incorrectly, poisonsan individual by preventing release of acetylcholine in the respiratory system.
A. Botulinum toxin
B. Curare
C. Xanax
D. Prozac
Answer: A. Botulinum toxin
321. ________________ is an antidepressanr drug that enhances the action of serotoninby preventing it from being removed from the synaptic cleft.
A. Valium
B. Curare
C. Xanax
D. Prozac
Answer: D. Prozac
322. Anxiety disorders are often treated with benzodiazepine drugs, such as______________, that increase GABA activity.
A. Valium
B. Curare
C. Xanax
D. Prozac
Answer: A. Valium
323. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating disorder caused by deterioration of the ________________.
A. Nodes of Ranvier
B. Ganglia
C. Substantianiagra
D. Myelin sheath
Answer: D. Myelin sheath
324. During the ______________, the neuron will fire only in response to a stimulusstronger than what is ordinarily necessary.
A. Absolute refractory period
B. Relative refractory period
C. Depolarization
D. Excitatory period
Answer: B. Relative refractory period
325. To complete synaptic transmission, the neurotransmitters attach to receptormolecules embedded in the __________________ .
A. Presynaptic membrane
B. Postsynaptic membrane
C. Cell membrane
D. Synaptic vesicles
Answer: B. Postsynaptic membrane
326. An action potential begins when the excitatory inputs are sufficiently strong withrespect to inhibitory inputs to depolarize the cell from ______________ millivolts.
A. -70 to -60
B. -75 to -65
C. -70 to -55
D. -75 to -60
Answer: C. -70 to -55
327. ________________ have been called the “keys to paradise” because of theirpleasure-pain controlling properties.
A. Dopamines
B. Serotonin
C. GABA
D. Endorphins
Answer: D. Endorphins
328. ______________ is a poison that paralyzes lung muscles by occupying criticalacetylcholine receptors, preventing the normal activity of the transmitter.
A. Valium
B. Curare
C. Xanax
D. Prozac
Answer: B. Curare
329. _________________ carries sensory information via afferent nerve fibers fromreceptors throughout the body to the brain and conducts information via efferent nerve fibers from the brain to muscles and glands.
A. Spinal cord
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Hippocampus
D. Cell body
Answer: A. Spinal cord
330. ____ in the spinal cord that carry information from the brain to muscles andglands throughout the body.
A. Afferent nerve fibers
B. Efferentnerve fibers
C. Hormones
D. Endocrine
Answer: B. Efferentnerve fibers
331. The ____________ nervous system has two subdivisions, the autonomic nervous systemand somatic nervous system.
A. Central
B. Peripheral
C. Sympathetic
D. Parasympathetic
Answer: B. Peripheral
332. The ________________ nervous system communicates sensory information received by sense organ receptors to the central nervous system and carries messages from the centralnervous system along motor nerves to the muscles.
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic
C. Sympathetic
D. Parasympathetic
Answer: A. Somatic
333. The _______________ nervous system regulates involuntary functions such asheartbeat, blood pressure, digestion and breathing.
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic
C. Sympathetic
D. Parasympathetic
Answer: B. Autonomic
334. The _________________ nervous system is the body’s emergency system and producesrapid physical arousal in response to perceived threats or in response to emotions such as anger or anxiety.
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic
C. Sympathetic
D. Parasympathetic
Answer: C. Sympathetic
335. The ______________ nervous system maintains normal body functions and conservesthe body’s physical resources.
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic
C. Sympathetic
D. Parasympathetic
Answer: D. Parasympathetic
336. The ______________ system is made up of glands located throughout the body and useschemical messengers called hormones to transmit information from one part of the body to another.
A. Nervous
B. Endocrine
C. Autonomic
D. Somatic
Answer: B. Endocrine
337. Metabolism, growth rate, digestion, blood pressure and sexual development andreproduction are all processes regulated by __________________.
A. Endocrine hormones
B. Hypothalamus
C. Brain
D. Spinal reflexes
Answer: A. Endocrine hormones
338. The signals that trigger the secretion of hormones are regulated primarily by a brainstructure called the _________________.
A. Endocrine gland
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Spinal reflexes
Answer: B. Hypothalamus
339. ___________________ structure serves as the main link between the nervous system andthe endocrine system.
A. Brain
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Nerve
Answer: B. Hypothalamus
340. The _________________ secretes hormones that affect the functioning of other glands aswell as hormones that act directly on physical processes.
A. Endocrine
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Nerve cells
Answer: C. Pituitary gland
341. The _______________ bundle of neuron axons that carries information in the peripheralnervous system.
A. Hormone
B. Nerve
C. Pituitary gland
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Nerve
342. ______________ is a communication system composed of glands located throughout thebody that secrete hormones into the blood stream.
A. Nervous system
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Endocrine system
Answer: D. Endocrine system
343. ______________ are the simple, automatic behaviors that are processed in the spinalcord.
A. Endocrine hormones
B. Hypothalamus
C. Spinal reflexes
D. Inhibitory processes
Answer: C. Spinal reflexes
344. __________________ is a peanut-sized forebrain structure that is part of the limbicsystem and regulates behaviors related to survival, such as eating, drinking and sexual activity.
A. Hypothalamus
B. Spinal cord
C. Pituitary gland
D. Endocrine system
Answer: A. Hypothalamus
345. __________________ division of the nervous system that includes all the nerves lyingoutside the central nervous system.
A. Central nervous system
B. Peripheral nervous system
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: B. Peripheral nervous system
346. __________________ subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulatesinvoluntary functions.
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: B. Autonomic nervous system
347. The central nervous system is a major division of the nervous system and consists of thebrain and _________________.
A. Spinal cord
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Limbic system
Answer: A. Spinal cord
348. The _________________ response refers to physiological changes, such as increased heart rate, accelerated breathing, dry mouth and perspiration, which occur in response toperceived threats or danger.
A. Fight
B. Flight
C. Fight-or-flight
D. Spinal reflex
Answer: C. Fight-or-flight
349. ________________ are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the bloodstreamby endocrine glands.
A. Hormones
B. Nerves
C. Spinal reflexes
D. Pituitary glands
Answer: A. Hormones
350. __________________ is a research method that involves observing and giving a highlydetailed description of a single individual or event.
A. Observation
B. Experimental study
C. Field study
D. Case study
Answer: D. Case study
351. _____________ are produced by surgically altering or destroying specific portions of thebrain.
A. Pons
B. Lesions
C. Injuries
D. Fractures
Answer: B. Lesions
352. By electrically stimulating specific _______________ areas with electrodes, researcherscan study the behavioral effects.
A. Amygdala
B. Hypothalamus
C. Spinal cord
D. Brain
Answer: D. Brain
353. The _______________ uses electrodes placed on the scalp to record the brain’s electricalactivity.
A. EEG
B. ECG
C. X-ray
D. CAT scan
Answer: A. EEG
354. The _________________ provides three-dimensional, highly detailed views of the brainusing electrical signals generated by the brain in response to magnetic fields.
A. EEG
B. ECG
C. MRI scanner
D. CAT scan
Answer: C. MRI scanner
355. A new technique that takes a rapid series of brain images that are then put together by acomputer to produce clear, sharp “movies” of brain activity is called________________.
A. Functional MRI
B. CAT scan
C. MRI scanner
D. EEG
Answer: A. Functional MRI
356. The ___________________ provides color coded images of the brain’s activity bymeasuring the amount of glucose used in different brain regions.
A. Functional MRI
B. CAT scan
C. MRI scanner
D. PET scan
Answer: D. PET scan
357. The ___________________ includes the hindbrain and the midbrain which are located atthe base of the brain.
A. Medulla
B. Brainstem
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Brainstem
358. The __________________ connects the spinal cord with the rest of the brain.
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Amygdala
Answer: C. Hindbrain
359. The three structures that make up the ________________ are the medulla, pons andcerebellum.
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Amygdala
Answer: C. Hindbrain
360. The ____________________ controls vital life functions such as breathing, circulationand muscle tone.
A. Medulla
B. Brainstem
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: A. Medulla
361. The _________________ connects other regions of the brain to the cerebellum whichhelps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body.
A. Medulla
B. Pons
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Pons
362. The brain structure that is part of the brain stem and is an important relay station that helps coordiante auditory and visual information before sending it on to higher braincenters is called the ___________________.
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Hippocampus
Answer: B. Midbrain
363. The __________________ is involved in motor control and contains a largeconcentration of neurons that produce dopamine.
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pons
C. Amygdala
D. Substantia nigra
Answer: D. Substantia nigra
364. The outer portion of the forebrain is called the _____________________ which isdivided into two cerebral hemispheres.
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Cerebellum
C. Amygdala
D. Medulla
Answer: A. Cerebral cortex
365. A thick bundle of axons called the __________________ connects the two hemispheresand serves as their primary communication link.
A. Medulla oblangata
B. Hippocampus
C. Corpus callosum
D. Cerebral cortex
Answer: C. Corpus callosum
366. The __________________ lobe is near the temples and contains the primary auditorycortex and is where the auditory information is received.
A. Frontal
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Occipital
Answer: B. Temporal
367. The __________________ lobe is at the back of the brain and contains the primary visualcortex and is where visual information is received.
A. Frontal
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Occipital
Answer: D. Occipital
368. The ___________________ lobe is involved in processing somatosensory information,such as touch, temperature, body position and temperature.
A. Frontal
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Occipital
Answer: C. Parietal
369. The ____________________ lobe processes voluntary movement and is involved inanticipatory thinking, planning, and emotional expression and control.
A. Frontal
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Occipital
Answer: A. Frontal
370. The __________________ are involved in processing and integrating sensory and motor information, language, abstract reasoning, creative thought, and the integration ofperceptions and memories.
A. Prefrontal association
B. Reticular formation
C. Association areas
D. Substantia nigra
Answer: C. Association areas
371. The prefrontal association cortex is involved in the ____________________________.
A. Planning of voluntary movements
B. Somatosensory information
C. Auditory information
D. Visual information
Answer: A. Planning of voluntary movements
372. The _____________________ consists of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdalaand thalamus.
A. Spinal cord
B. Endocrine gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Limbic system
Answer: D. Limbic system
373. The _________________ is involved in emotions, motivation, memory and learning.
A. Limbic system
B. Endocrine gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pons
Answer: A. Limbic system
374. The structure that identifies and integrates sensory information for all the senses exceptsmell and relays it to higher brain centers is the ____________________.
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Corpus callosum
C. Hippocampus
D. Thalamus
Answer: D. Thalamus
375. The peanut-sized structure that is involved in diverse functions, including eating, drinking, frequency of sexual activity, fear, aggression, and exerting control over thesecretion of endocrine hormones, is called the ________________.
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pons
C. Amygdala
D. Substantia nigra
Answer: A. Hypothalamus
376. The curved structure that is involved in learning and forming new memories is the____________________.
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Corpus callosum
C. Hippocampus
D. Thalamus
Answer: C. Hippocampus
377. The almond-shaped structure that is involved in controlling a variety of emotional response patterns, including fear, anger, and disgust, and in learning and memoryformation is the ________________.
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pons
C. Amygdala
D. Substantia nigra
Answer: C. Amygdala
378. _________________ is an area of the hypothalamus taht plays a key role in regulatingdaily sleep/wake cycles and other rhythms of the body.
A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
B. Substantia nigra
C. Corpus callosum
D. Cerebral cortex
Answer: A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
379. __________________ is the nearly symmetrical left and right halves of the cerebralcortex.
A. Cerebral hemispheres
B. Corpus callosum
C. Hippocampus
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: A. Cerebral hemispheres
380. _________________ is an area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex located abovethe temporal lobe that processes somatic sensations.
A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: C. Parietal lobe
381. Substantia nigra is a midbrain area involved in motor control and containing a large concentration of __________________ producing neurons.
A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. Serotonin
Answer: C. Dopamine
382. _________________ is a hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two sides ofthe cerebellum, helps coordinate and integrate movement on each side of the body.
A. Hippocampus
B. Pons
C. Amygdala
D. Thalamus
Answer: B. Pons
383. Thalamus is a __________________ structure that processes sensory information fromall of the senses, except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex.
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Endocrine
Answer: A. Forebrain
384. _________________ is a curved forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system andis involved in learning and forming new memories.
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Corpus callosum
C. Hippocampus
D. Thalamus
Answer: C. Hippocampus
385. ________________ is the largest lobe of the cerebral cortex.
A. Frontal
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Occipital
Answer: A. Frontal
386. The __________________ is a band of tissue on the parietal lobe that receivesinformation from touch receptors in different parts of the body.
A. Primary motor cortex
B. Primary auditory cortex
C. Somatosensory cortex
D. Primary visual cortex
Answer: C. Somatosensory cortex
387. The _________________ is a region at the base of the brain that controls severalstructures that regulate basic life functions.
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Cerebellum
Answer: C. Hindbrain
388. The ________________ is the most complex brain region, containing centers forcomplex behaviors and mental processes
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Corpus callosum
Answer: A. Forebrain
389. The _________________ is the wrinkled portion of the forebrain that contains the mostsophisticated brain centers.
A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
B. Substantia nigra
C. Corpus callosum
D. Cerebral cortex
Answer: D. Cerebral cortex
390. An area in the lower left frontal lobe, known to play a crucial role in speech production iscalled ________________ area.
A. Wernicke\s
B. Broca\s
C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
D. Corpus callosum
Answer: B. Broca\s
391. The procedure of surgically cutting the corpus callosum is called the ________________.
A. Alternative-brain surgery
B. Vertical-brain surgery
C. Split-brain surgery
D. Horizontal-brain surgery
Answer: C. Split-brain surgery
392. Patients who have difficulty comprehending language and whose speech often makeslittle sense are most likely to have damage on the left ________________ lobe in Wernicke’s area.
A. Frontal
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Occipital
Answer: B. Temporal
393. Someone with either a partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language due to brain injury or brain damage is likely to be given thegeneral diagnosis of ________________
A. Deaf
B. Dumb
C. Aphasia
D. Disabled
Answer: C. Aphasia
394. An area in the left temporal lobe, known to play an important role in languagecomprehension is called ___________________ area.
A. Wernicke\s
B. Broca\s
C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
D. Corpus callosum
Answer: A. Wernicke\s
395. The American psychologist who pioneered research on brain specialization in split-brainpatients was _________________.
A. Pierre Paul Broca
B. Karl Wernicke
C. John Andrews
D. Roger Sperry
Answer: D. Roger Sperry
396. The primary function of the nervous system is _________________ of informationfrom one part of the body to another.
A. Communication
B. Formation
C. Production
D. Exchange
Answer: A. Communication
397. The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neuralsignal that can be processed by the nervous system is called ____________.
A. Transfusion
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. Transmission
Answer: B. Transduction
398. ____________________ refers to the point at which a stimulus is strong enough to bedetected by activating sensory receptors.
A. Absolute threshold
B. Difference threshold
C. Sensory threshold
D. Minimal threshold
Answer: C. Sensory threshold
399. _________________ is the visual ability to see fine details.
A. Brightness
B. After image
C. Blind spot
D. Visual acuity
Answer: D. Visual acuity
400. __________________ is the visual experience that occurs after the original source ofstimulation is no longer present.
A. Brightness
B. After image
C. Blind spot
D. Visual acuity
Answer: B. After image
401. ___________________ is the long, thin, blunt sensory receptors that are highly sensitive to light but not color and are primarily responsible for peripheral vision andnight vision.
A. Cones
B. Rods
C. Hue
D. Fovea
Answer: B. Rods
402. __________ is the thick nerve that exits from the back of the eye and carries visualinformation to the visual cortex in the brain.
A. Fovea
B. Optic nerve
C. Cornea
D. Pupil
Answer: B. Optic nerve
403. _________________ is the distinctive quality of a sound, determined by thecomplexity of sound waves.
A. Timbre
B. Ear canal
C. Pinna
D. Eardrum
Answer: A. Timbre
404. _______________ is the small, tightly stretched membrane that seperates the middleear from the inner ear.
A. Timbre
B. Ear canal
C. Oval window
D. Eardrum
Answer: C. Oval window
405. ________________ is the physical stimuli that produce our sensory experience ofsound.
A. Frequency
B. Amplitude
C. Pitch
D. Sound waves
Answer: D. Sound waves
406. According to ________________ theory, the basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency as the sound wave, thereby enabling low-frequency sound to be transmitted tothe brain.
A. Sound
B. Place
C. Frequency
D. Amplitude
Answer: C. Frequency
407. ________________ is the part of the ear where sound is transduced into neuralimpulses; consists of cochlea and semicircular canals.
A. Inner ear
B. Outer ear
C. Middle ear
D. Hair cells
Answer: A. Inner ear
408. _______________ is the technical term for our sense of taste.
A. Olfaction
B. Kinesthetic sense
C. Vestibular sense
D. Gustation
Answer: D. Gustation
409. _________________ is the specialized sensory receptors for taste that are located onthe tongue and inside the mouth and the throat.
A. Taste buds
B. Free nerve endings
C. Pheromones
D. Olfactory bulb
Answer: A. Taste buds
410. _______________ is the technical name for the sense of location and position ofbody parts in relation to one another.
A. Olfaction
B. Kinesthetic sense
C. Vestibular sense
D. Gustation
Answer: B. Kinesthetic sense
411. The German word ___________________ means a unified whole, and this perspective maintains that we perceive whole objects or figures rather than isolated bitsand pieces of information.
A. Pragnanz
B. Gradient
C. Gestalt
D. Iridology
Answer: C. Gestalt
412. _____________ is the binocular cue that relies on the fact that our eyes are set a couple of inches apart and thus a slightly different image of an object is cast on the retinaof each eye.
A. Depth perception
B. Texture gradient
C. Motion parallax
D. Binocular disparity
Answer: D. Binocular disparity
413. ___________________ is the distance or depth cues that require the use of both eyes.
A. Monocular cues
B. Binocular cues
C. Pictorial cues
D. Linear perspective
Answer: B. Binocular cues
414. ________________ is the use of visual cues (either monocular or binocular) toperceive the distance or three-dimensional characteristics of objects.
A. Depth perception
B. Texture gradient
C. Motion parallax
D. Binocular disparity
Answer: A. Depth perception
415. _________________ is the process of integrating, organizing, and interpretingsensory information in a way that is meaningful.
A. Sensation
B. Illusion
C. Perception
D. Accommodation
Answer: C. Perception
416. ________________ is a binocular cue that relies on the degree to which muscles rotate the eyes to focus on an object; the less convergence, the farther away the objectappears to be.
A. Convergence
B. Texture gradient
C. Motion parallax
D. Binocular disparity
Answer: A. Convergence
417. ________________ is the influence of prior assumptions and expectations onperceptual interpretations.
A. Perceptual constancy
B. Perceptual set
C. Perceptual illusion
D. Extrasensory perception
Answer: B. Perceptual set
418. _________________ is the tendency to perceive objects, especially familiar objects,as constant and unchanging despite changes in sensory.
A. Perceptual constancy
B. Perceptual set
C. Perceptual illusion
D. Extrasensory perception
Answer: A. Perceptual constancy
419. ____________ is the term for the investigation of claims of various paranormalphenomena.
A. Illusion
B. Extrasensory perception
C. Iridology
D. Parapsychology
Answer: D. Parapsychology
420. ________________ is the perception of an object as maintaining the same sizedespite changing images on the retina.
A. Size constancy
B. Shape constancy
C. Perceptual constancy
D. Object constancy
Answer: A. Size constancy
421. Stereograms use the binocular depth cue of _______________.
A. Depth perception
B. Texture gradient
C. Motion parallax
D. Binocular disparity
Answer: D. Binocular disparity
422. _________________ refers to the fact that when we view a scene, we automatically separate the elements of that scene into the feature that clearly stands out and its lessdistinct background.
A. Size constancy
B. Shape constancy
C. Perceptual constancy
D. Extrasensory perception
Answer: B. Shape constancy
423. __________________ is the perception that the brightness of an object remains thesame even though the lighting conditions change.
A. Light constancy
B. Object constancy
C. Perceptual constancy
D. Brightness constancy
Answer: D. Brightness constancy
424. ___________________ is based on the idea that sensory information can be detected by some means other than through the normal processes of sensation.
A. Size constancy
B. Shape constancy
C. Perceptual constancy
D. Extrasensory perception
Answer: D. Extrasensory perception
425. ___________________ is an illusion of movement that results when two, separate,carefully timed flashing lights are perceived as one light moving back and forth.
A. Stroboscopic motion
B. Induced motion
C. Muller-Lyer
D. Figure-ground
Answer: A. Stroboscopic motion
426. The cues used to judge the distance of objects that require the use of only one eye arecalled ______________.
A. Monocular cues
B. Binocular cues
C. Pictorial cues
D. Linear perspective
Answer: A. Monocular cues
427. One object partially blocks or obscures the view of another object and the partiallyblocked object is perceived as being farther away: _______________
A. Relative size
B. Linear perspective
C. Overlap
D. Texture gradient
Answer: C. Overlap