Plant Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions :-
1. Plant biotechnology involves
a) production of valuable products in plants
b) rapid clonal multiplication of desired genotypes
c) production of virus free plants
d) all of these
2. The most common solidifying agent used in micropropagation is
a) agar
b) dextran
c) Mannan
d) all of these
3. The culturing of cells in liquid agitated medium is called
a) liquid culture
b) micropropagation
c) Agar culture
d) suspension culture
4. Which of the following is best suited method for production of virus free plants
a)embryo culture
b) meristem culture
c) ovule culture
d) anther culture
5. Batch cultures are type of suspension culture where
a) medium is continuously replaced
b) medium is loaded only at the beginning
c) no depletion of medium occurs
d) cellular wastes are continuously removed and replaced
6. Immobilized cell bioreactors are based on
a) cells cultures in solid medium
b) cells cultured in liquid medium
c) cells entrapped in gels
d) all of these
7. All are plant derived alkaloids except
a) menthol
b) nicotine
c) quinine
d) codeine
8. Elicitors are molecules that
a) induce cell divison
b) stimulate production secondary metabolites
c) stimulate hairy root formation that accumulate secondary metabolites
d) none of these
9. All are plant derived elicitors except
a) chitin
b) pectin
c) cellulose
d) pectic acid
10. The modification of exogenous compounds by plant cells is called
a) Biotransformation
b) bioconversion
c) both a and b
d) biophytomodification
11. Artificial seeds are
a) seeds produced in laboratory condition
b) seeds encapsulated in a a gel
c) somatic embryos encapsulated in a gel
d) zygotic embryos encapsulated in a gel
12. Hairy root cultures for secondary metabolite production are induced by transforming plant cells withs
a) virus
b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
c) Bacillus thuringiensis
d) Agrobacterium rhizogenes
13. The variation in invitro culture is called as
a) invitro variation
b) mutation
c) somaclonal variation
d) all of these
14. Haploid plants are produced in large numbers by
a) anther culture
b) Ovary culture
c) both a and b
d) embryo culture
15. Cybrids are
a) nuclear hybrids
b) hybrid plants derived from cross pollination
c) cytoplasmic hybrids
d) cytological hybrids
16. A plant cell without cell wall is called _______.
A. tropoplast.
B. protoplast.
C. chloroplast.
D. chromoplast.
Answer: B
17. Genome of an organism refers to its total _______.
A. haploid DNA.
B. number of proteins.
C. number of chromosomes.
D. number of genes.
Answer: A
18. Enucleated protoplast is called _______.
A. cytoplast.
B. cybrid.
C. tonoplast.
D. duplast.
Answer: C
19. _________ is necessary for drying the washed glass goods.
A. Vacuum pump.
B. Hot air oven.
C. Heater.
D. Autoclave.
Answer: B
20. Which one of the following vitamins is used in PTC medium?
A. Pyridoxine.
B. Vitamin A.
C. Vitamin C.
D. Biotin.
Answer: A
21. What type of products is generated after RAPD?
A. Orbitory.
B. Arbitrary.
C. Auxillary.
D. Orbitol.
Answer: B
22. LINES stand for _______ Nuclear Elements.
A. Long Interspersed.
B. Large Interspersed.
C. Long Interpierced.
D. Large Interpierced.
Answer: A
23. How much percentage of human genome is composed of transposons?
A. 50.
B. 40.
C. 30
D. 20.
Answer: A
24. What is class I type transposons?
A. Transposons III.
B. Transposons I.
C. Transposons II.
D. Retroposons.
Answer: D
25. RFLP mainly deals with _______.
A. mutations.
B. variations.
C. recombinations.
D. All the above.
Answer: D
26. ______ reported first in vitro culture of excised flower buds.
A. P.R. White.
B. C.D. LaRue.
C. S.W. Loo.
D. J.P. Nitsch.
Answer: B
27. _______ reported the culture of 5mm shoot tips of Asparagus seedlings on a medium.
A. P.R. White.
B. C.D. LaRue.
C. S.W. Loo.
D. J.P. Nitsch.
Answer: C
28. _______________ is the culture of excised radicle tips of aseptically germinated seeds?
A. Anther.
B. Root.
C. Organ.
D. Suspension.
Answer: B
29. ______ culture is the in vitro culture of a generally shiny special dome-like structure.
A. Anther.
B. Root.
C. Organ.
D. Meristem.
Answer: D
30. High cytokinin and low auxin are used in combination for the culture of __________.
A. shoot.
B. root.
C. nodule.
D. organ.
Answer: A
31. _____ is the most effective cytokinin commonly used in shoot tip or meristem culture.
A. NAA.
B. 2, 4-D.
C. BAP.
D. Zeatin.
Answer: C
32. Coconut milk and ________ are also effective for the growth of shoot apices.
A. Gibberellic acid.
B. Auxin.
C. Cytokinin.
D. Ethylene.
Answer: A
33. Higher plant body is _________.
A. unicellular.
B. multicellular.
C. enucleated.
D. binucleated.
Answer: B
34. . Small excised portion of the _____ is used to produce mass of cells.
A. callus.
B. explant.
C. fragments.
D. totipotent.
Answer: B
35. The excised plant tissues loose its _______ integrity in culture.
A. chemical.
B. physical.
C. structural.
D. biological.
Answer: C
36. Who first succeeded in promoting the development of callus tissue?
A. Gautheret.
B. Nobecourt.
C. Can Overbeek.
D. Conklin.
Answer: A
37. The callus tissue formation is processed through _______ of the explant.
A. cell alteration.
B. cell lengthening.
C. cell expansion.
D. cell stringent.
Answer: C
38. 2, 4-D alone is sufficient for _______ culture.
A. callus.
B. organ.
C. anther.
D. pollen.
Answer: A
39. _______ is required for growth of cell.
A. Gibberrellin.
B. Auxin.
C. Cytokinin.
D. Ethylene.
Answer: B
40. _____ is required for cell division
A. Gibberrellin.
B. Auxin.
C. Cytokinin.
D. Ethylene
Answer: C
41. Callus is yellow due to synthesis of ______ pigments
A. carotenoid.
B. anthocyanin.
C. chlorophyll.
D. phycocyanin.
Answer: A
42. Callus is purple due to accumulation of ____________.
A. carotenoid.
B. anthocyanin.
C. chlorophyll.
D. phycocyanin.
Answer: B
43. Gene silencing is generally termed as __________ of genes.
A. switching off.
B. switching on.
C. absence.
D. presence.
Answer: A
44. Production of ethylene is inhibited by antisense gene________.
A. glyphoshate.
B. ACC synthase.
C. ACC synthatase.
D. lyase.
Answer: B
45. ____________ is responsible for fruit ripening.
A. Glyphoshate.
B. ACC synthase.
C. ACC synthatase.
D. Polygalacturonidase.
Answer: D
46. Preservation of germplasm in the frozen state is termed as _______.
A. cryoprectectant.
B. cryopreservation.
C. preservation.
D. storage.
Answer: B
47. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogenous compound is called as _______.
A. nitrogen fixation.
B. nitrogen adsorption.
C. nitrogen dissociation.
D. nitrogen absorption.
Answer: A
48. ________ fixes molecular nitrogen in the roots of leguminous plant.
A. Rhizobium species.
B. Bacillus species.
C. Clostridium species.
D. Staphylococcus species.
Answer: A
49. Rizobium is a Gram ______ bacterium
A. negative rod.
B. negative spherical.
C. positive rod.
D. positive spherical.
Answer: A
50. Nodule bacteria were isolated by _______.
A. Watson.
B. Crick.
C. Nitesh.
D. Beijernck.
Answer: D
51. Conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia by free living organism is called __________ nitrogen fixation.
A. atmospheric.
B. industrial.
C. nonsymbiotic.
D. symbiotic.
Answer: C
52. Non symbiotic nitrogen fixers are _______.
A. bacteria.
B. virus.
C. fungi.
D. nematodes.
Answer: A
53. Non symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium is _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Klebsiella.
Answer: B
54. Non symbiotic nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium is _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Klebsiella.
Answer: A
55. Heterocyst is the structure present in _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Azospirillum.
Answer: B
56. What is the shape of root nodules?
A. Spherical.
B. Circular.
C. Oval.
D. Rectangle.
Answer: A
57. Root nodule is formed by the _________ of the root cells.
A. elongation.
B. circularization.
C. curling.
D. proliferation.
Answer: D
58. Proliferation of root nodule is induced by the bacterium _______.
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Azospirillum.
Answer: C
59. Fe-protein part of nitrogenase enzyme can also be called as _______.
A. dinitrogen reductase.
B. dinitrogenase.
C. reductase.
D. dinitrogen.
Answer: B
60. Fe-Mo-protein part of nitrogenase enzyme can also be called as _______.
A. dinitrogen reductase.
B. dinitrogenase.
C. reductase.
D. dinitrogen.
Answer: A
61. Biofertilizers which converts nitrogen into nitrogenous compound are called as ________ fixers
A. dinitrogen.
B. nitrogen.
C. ammonia.
D. nitric acid.
Answer: B
62. Which one of the following is considered to be the best nitrogen fixers for biofertilizers?
A. Anabena.
B. Azomonas.
C. Rhizobium.
D. Azospirillum.
Answer: A
63. who reported the suspension cultures from carrot root explant?
A. Watson and Crick.
B. Steward and Shantz.
C. Benthaman and Hook.
D. Lederber and Tatum.
Answer: B
64. Which bacteria are known as natural genetic engineer of plants?
A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
B. E.coli.
C. Bacillus sp.
D. Streptomyces sp.
Answer: A
65. Who coined the term plasmid?
A. Herbert Boyer.
B. Lederberg.
C. Stanley.
D. Benthem.
Answer: B
66. The production of adventitious roots and shoots from cells of tissue culture is termed __________.
A. organogenesis.
B. micropropagation.
C. callus culture.
D. suspension culture.
Answer: A
67. The developmental pathway of numerous well organized small embryoids is called as _________.
A. organogenesis.
B. micropropagation.
C. somatic embryogenesis.
D. suspension culture.
Answer: C
68. The zygote embryo enclosed by protective coat developed from integument is __________.
A. artificial seeds.
B. embryo.
C. anther.
D. pollen.
Answer: A
69. Which one of the following is CORRECT regarding artificial seeds?
A. Establishment of callus culture.
B. Maturation of somatic embryos.
C. Encapsulation of somatic embryos.
D. All the above.
Answer: D
70. Artificial seeds help to study the role of ________.
A. endocarp.
B. endosperm.
C. pericarp.
D. mesocarp.
Answer: B
71. Embryo is used as explant for the _______ culture
A. embryo.
B. anther.
C. pollen.
D. callus.
Answer: A
72. Which type of culture technique is used for the development of anthers?
A. anther.
B. pollen.
C. callus.
D. embryo.
Answer: A
73. Pollen culture is otherwise known as ______ culture.
A. microspore.
B. macrospore.
C. angiospore.
D. apospore.
Answer: A
74. Which one of the following is used for the in vitro development of haploid plants?
A. Organogenesis.
B. Androgenesis.
C. Embryogenesis.
D. Micropropagation.
Answer: B
75. Which one of the following is the ideal material for anther culture?
A. Tomato.
B. Potato.
C. Tobacco.
D. Soyabean.
Answer: C
76. Nurse culture technique is the method come under ______ culture.
A. pollen.
B. anther.
C. callus.
D. suspension.
Answer: A
77. _____ is a part of plant cell which lies within the cell wall and can be plasmolyed.
A. Chloroplast.
B. Tonoplast.
C. Cyanoplast.
D. Protoplast.
Answer: D
78. Who isolated protoplast mechnically?
A. Klercker.
B. Kuster.
C. Cocking.
D. Power.
Answer: A
79. Which one of the following is the importance of protoplast culture?
A. Study of plasmalemma.
B. wall formation.
C. IAA action.
D. All the above.
Answer: D
80. Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization in plant are based on which the following?
A. Protoplast isolation.
B. Cell wall regeneration.
C. Fusion of nuclei.
D. All the above.
Answer: D
81. The process in which two or more adjoining somatic protoplasts fused without any inducer is called as _______ fusion.
A. spontaneous.
B. induced.
C. protoplast.
D. somatic cell.
Answer: A
82. Two or more adjoining somatic protoplasts fusing with any chemical is called as _______ fusion
A. spontaneous.
B. induced.
C. protoplast.
D. somatic cell.
Answer: B
83. ______ fusion is a physical phenomenon.
A. Spontaneous.
B. Induced.
C. Protoplast.
D. somatic cell.
Answer: C
84. Phenotypic changes are associated with ______ changes of an organism.
A. genetic.
B. physical.
C. chemical.
D. biological.
Answer: A
85. Plants derived form tissue culture has been referred as _______.
A. somaclones.
B. calliclones.
C. protoclones.
D. all the above.
Answer: D
86. _______ is the genetic variability regenerated during tissue culture.
A. Somoclonal variation.
B. Organogenesis.
C. Micropropagation.
D. Androgenesis.
Answer: A
87. Who analysed somaclonal variation in a large number of plants?
A. Larkin & Sharp.
B. Evans & Sharp.
C. Hein & Mee.
D. Stepar & Bidney.
Answer: B
88. Which one of the following serves as a marker for mapping a specified gene in RFLP?
A. DNA.
B. rRNA.
C. tRNA.
D. mRNA.
Answer: A
89. A gene may have many alleles, but each individual has only two alleles because _______.
A. having more than two alleles is lethal.
B. having more than two alleles unbalances the chromosomes.
C. a person has two parents, each will contribute one allele.
D. a backup set of alleles is necessary in case something.
Answer: C
90. A transgenic organism has _______.
A. genes that other organisms do not.
B. genes from different species.
C. a dominant phenotype.
D. had its genome sequenced.
Answer: B
91. Chromosome tips, or ____, function as a cellular clock that ticks down as pieces are lost from the very ends.
A. chromatids.
B. centromeres.
C. centrioles.
D. telomeres.
Answer: D
92. The use or alteration of cells or biochemicals to provide a useful product describes _______.
A. recombinant DNA technology.
B. transgenic technology.
C. biotechnology.
D. gene targeting.
Answer: C
93. Which gene transfer technique involves a tiny needle which is used to inject DNA into a cell lacking that DNA sequence?
A. Electroporation.
B. Liposome transfer.
C. Microinjection.
D. Particle bombardment.
Answer: C
94. The process of ____ involves the introduction of a gene into a cell where it exchanges places with its counterpart in the host cell.
A. transgenic technology.
B. gene targeting.
C. knockout technology.
D. recombinant DNA technology.
Answer: B
95. Which gene transfer technique involves the use of a fatty bubble to carry a gene into a somatic cell?
A. Electroporation.
B. Liposome transfer.
C. Microinjection.
D. Particle bombardment.
Answer: B
96. _____ house are required to grow regenerated plants for further propagation.
A. Green.
B. Blue.
C. Red.
D. White.
Answer: A
97. RAPD is a molecular marker based on _____ amplification.
A. RFLP.
B. PCR.
C. AFLP.
D. SSR.
Answer: B
98. _______ marker is a DNA sequence in the genome which can be located and identified.
A. Molecular.
B. Genetic.
C. Biochemical.
D. Physical.
Answer: A
99. Which type of compound is the glycine betaine?
A. Aluminium.
B. Calcium.
C. Phosphorous.
D. Ammonium.
Answer: D
100. Which one of the following is the broad spectrum herbicide?
A. Glyphosate.
B. Sulfonyl urea.
C. Phosphinothricin.
D. Imidazoliinones.
Answer: C
101. Glyphosate is a derivative of which amino acid?
A. Alanine.
B. Serine.
C. Valine.
D. Glycine.
Answer: D
102. Which one of the following is used mainly as a carbon source in PTC?
A. Sucrose.
B. Mannose.
C. Glucose.
D. Lactose.
Answer: A
103. Name the chemical compound produced by the plants.
A. Cytochemicals.
B. Histochemicals.
C. Phytochemicals.
D. Secondary metabolites.
Answer: C
104. The plating technique for cloning of single cells was given by Bergmann in ______.
A. 1960.
B. 1970.
C. 1980.
D. 1990.
Answer: A
105. Evan’s blue dye stains the ______ cells.
A. dead.
B. live.
C. dividing.
D. expanding.
Answer: A
106. Asynchronous refers to the cultured plant cells vary greatly in _______.
A. size.
B. shape.
C. cell cycle.
D. all the above.
Answer: D
107. _______ acts as gelling agents used in Plant Tissue Culture
A. Gelatin.
B. Agar.
C. Biogel.
D. All the above.
Answer: D
108. Plant growth regulators influence growth, metabolism and ________ of cultured cells.
A. differentiation.
B. elongation.
C. enlargement.
D. duplication.
Answer: A
109. _______ is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.
A. Genetically modified crops.
B. GMCs.
C. biotech crops.
D. all the above.
Answer: D
110. Cytoplasmic hybrids refer to________.
A. cytoplast.
B. chloroplast.
C. tonoplast.
D. protoplast.
Answer: A
111. The source of cellulolysin is _______.
A. Trichoderma viride.
B. Irpex lactus.
C. Aspergillus species.
D. Rhizopus species.
Answer: A
112. The source of Helicase is _______.
A. Trichoderma viride.
B. Irpex lactus.
C. Helix pomatia.
D. Rhizopus species.
Answer: C
113. The source of Zymolyase is _______.
A. Trichoderma viride.
B. Arthrobacter luteus.
C. Helix pomatia.
D. Rhizopus species.
Answer: B
114. FDA stands for _______.
A. Fluorescein diacetate.
B. Federal diacetate.
C. Fluorescein diacetate assay.
D. Federal Development Assay.
Answer: A
115. The dead protoplasts are selectively taken up ________ stain.
A. fluorescein.
B. trypan blue.
C. phenosafranine.
D. evans blue.
Answer: C
116. The newly formed cell walls stain ___________.
A. fluorescein.
B. calcofluor white.
C. phenosafranine.
D. evans blue.
Answer: B
117. ______ plants can be developed from ovary culture
A. Diploid.
B. Haploid.
C. Monocot.
D. Dicot.
Answer: B
118. Liquid nitrogen is used as a cryoprotectant at _____ degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
Answer: A
119. Solid carbondioxide is used as a cryoprotectant at _____ degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
Answer: D
120. Deep freezers are used as a cryoprotectant at _____ degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
Answer: C
121. Vapour phase nitrogen is used as a cryoprotectant at _____degree celsius.
A. -196.
B. -150.
C. -80.
D. -79.
Answer: B
122. . Slow freezing method of cryopreservation is done at _____ C/min.
A. 0.5-5.0.
B. b. 0.4-5.0.
C. 0.3-5.0.
D. 0.2-5.0.
Answer: A
123. Rapid freezing method of cryopreservation is done at _____ C/min.
A. -100 to -1000.
B. -200 to -1000.
C. -300 to -1000.
D. -400 to -1000.
Answer: C
124. Which one of the following is used as cryoprotectants?
A. DMSO.
B. Glycerol.
C. Ethylene.
D. All the above.
Answer: D
125. The transfer of desirable genes from one plant species to another is called as ___________ technology.
A. rDNA .
B. transgenic.
C. plant genetic transformation.
D. plant transformation.
Answer: C
126. What is the length of Ti plasmid?
A. 20kb.
B. 200kb.
C. 2kb.
D. 2000kb.
Answer: B
127. Which one of the following technique is mostly confined to protoplasts that can be regenerated to viable plants?
A. Electroporation.
B. Biolistic method.
C. Microinjection.
D. Silicon carbide fibres.
Answer: A
128. Opines are _______.
A. aminoacids.
B. lipids.
C. proteins.
D. nucleic acids.
Answer: A
129. The first clinical trials in humans, using a plant derived vaccine were conducted in _____.
A. 1987.
B. 1997.
C. 1977.
D. 1967.
Answer: B
130. The ingestion of transgenic potatoes is done by a toxin of _______.
A. E.coli.
B. Streptococcus sp.
C. Staphylococcus sp.
D. Bacillus sp.
Answer: A
131. The phenomenon of mature cells reverting to meristematic state to produce callus is _______.
A. dedifferentiation.
B. differentiation.
C. redifferentiation.
D. totipotency.
Answer: A
132. Nu body is a name given to _______.
A. ribosome.
B. microsome.
C. nucleosome.
D. centrosome.
Answer: C
133. Who is regarded as the Father of PTC?
A. Gottlieb Haberlandt.
B. Watson.
C. Barbara.
D. Crick.
Answer: A
134. The enzyme that can release the individual cells from the leaf tissues is ______.
A. macerozyme.
B. lysozyme.
C. zymogen.
D. chymotrypsin.
Answer: A
135. Addition of fresh nutrient medium and draining out the used medium is _________ culture
A. batch.
B. continuous.
C. discontinuous.
D. open continuous.
Answer: B
136. The mitochondrial DNA is _______.
A. like the nuclear DNA.
B. ss, linear.
C. ds, circular.
D. ss, circular.
Answer: C
137. Lepidoptera refers to _______.
A. bollworms.
B. beetles.
C. grosshopper.
D. aphids.
Answer: A
138. Coleoptera refers to _______.
A. bollworms.
B. beetles.
C. grosshopper.
D. aphids.
Answer: B
139. Lectins are plant ______ proteins
A. homo.
B. glyco.
C. hetero.
D. muco.
Answer: B
140. The expression of genes is made possible by the presence of _______.
A. promoters.
B. terminators.
C. suppressors.
D. inhibitors.
Answer: A
141. Virus infections of crops resulting in cell division are referred as _______.
A. hyperplasia.
B. hypoplasia.
C. necrosis.
D. plasia.
Answer: C
142. Electroporation is a technique used with _______.
A. calluses.
B. pollen.
C. protoplasts.
D. organs.
Answer: C
143. Chloroplast DNA is _______.
A. coded by the nucleus.
B. separate from nuclear DNA.
C. paternally inherited.
D. a subset of nuclear DNA.
Answer: B
144. A cell suspension culture requires _______.
A. organogenesis.
B. electroporation.
C. differentiation.
D. disaggregation.
Answer: D
145. The function of “low-copy-number DNA” is encoding ____________.
A. rRNA.
B. most genes.
C. a single gene.
D. tRNA.
Answer: B
146. The fastest way to ripe a tomato using tissue culture is by _________ culture.
A. anther / pollen.
B. protoplast.
C. plant organ.
D. callus.
Answer: C
147. A characteristic feature of the chloroplast genome is the presence of two _______.
A. simple tandem arrays.
B. repeat / repeat interspersions.
C. compound tandem arrays.
D. identical inverted repeats.
Answer: D
148. Sequencing efforts are underway for _______________ as a model for a small monocot genome.
A. rice
B. corn.
C. barley.
D. wheat.
Answer: A
149. Most plant tissue cultures are initiated from _______.
A. callus
B. explants
C. plantlets.
D. protoplasts.
Answer: B
150. Pores in protoplasts may be opened to DNA by the application of _______.
A. magnetism.
B. light.
C. enzymes.
D. electricity.
Answer: D