Political Thought – Western Traditions Multiple Choice Questions
1. Socrates was a Greek ______
A. philosopher
B. singer
C. composer
D. poet
Answer: A. philosopher
2. Who is the student of Socrates?
A. aristotle
B. plato
C. aristophanes
D. none of these
Answer: B. plato
3. Who is the contemporary of Socrates?
A. aristophanes
B. aristotle
C. homer
D. none of these
Answer: A. aristophanes
4. According to Plato, Socratesfather was:
A. sophroniscus
B. aristophanes
C. lamprocles
D. zenexenus
Answer: A. sophroniscus
5. Socrates says that “all that the soul endures, if directed by _______ ends happiness.”
A. virtue
B. wisdom
C. prophets
D. truth
Answer: B. wisdom
6. In Plato’s state the government is run by :
A. workers
B. philosophers
C. soldiers
D. constitution
Answer: B. philosophers
7. According to the Philosophy of Plato, the fundamental character of philosopher is
A. courage
B. wisdom
C. appetite
D. none of the above
Answer: B. wisdom
8. “True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing” said by
A. socrates
B. aristotle
C. homer
D. plato
Answer: A. socrates
9. Socrates was awarded punishment:
A. death
B. fine
C. banishment from athens
D. imprisonment for 3 years
Answer: A. death
10. According to Socrates, the soul is:
A. infinitely large
B. inherently virtuous
C. corruptible
D. immortal
Answer: D. immortal
11. According to Socrates, learning is a kind of:
A. recollection
B. virtue
C. political skill
D. gift of the gods
Answer: A. recollection
12. Who was the founder of Western philosophy?
A. socrates
B. aristotle
C. plato
D. none of these
Answer: A. socrates
13. Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of:
A. ethics
B. economics
C. chemistry
D. none of these
Answer: A. ethics
14. Who said, “Virtue – all virtue – is knowledge”?
A. socrates
B. xenophon
C. plato
D. aristotle
Answer: A. socrates
15. Who said, “Virtue is sufficient for happiness”?
A. plato
B. socrates
C. xenophon
D. aristotle
Answer: D. aristotle
16. Plato is the author of:
A. republic
B. social contract
C. history of political thought
D. none of these
Answer: A. republic
17. The idea that “Virtue is knowledge” is attributed to:
A. aristotle
B. plato
C. montesquieu
D. socrates
Answer: D. socrates
18. ’.Political Science begins and ends with the state’ is said by:
A. aristotle
B. professor garner
C. paul janet
D. none of these
Answer: B. professor garner
19. According to Plato ,the following are the three elements in man:
A. reason, justice , equality
B. reason, spirit , appetite
C. justice, liberty , equality
Answer: B. reason, spirit , appetite
20. ‘The Great but ungrateful pupil of his Master who was born in 384 BC was:
A. socrates
B. aristotle
C. cicero
D. none of these
Answer: B. aristotle
21. The author of the book ‘Statesman’ is:
A. aristotle
B. machiavelli
C. plato
D. none of these
Answer: C. plato
22. In Plato’s Ideal State, one reaches at the pinnacle of the State order at the age of:
A. 3
B. 40
C. 50
D. none of these
Answer: C. 50
23. Plato found the Academy in:
A. 385 b.c.
B. 381 b.c.
C. 387 b.c.
D. 315 b.c.
Answer: A. 385 b.c.
24. Aristotle found his own school in:
A. 225 b.c
B. 415 b.c.
C. 335 b.c.
D. 315 b.c.
Answer: C. 335 b.c.
25. Aristotle found his own school which was known as
A. the lyceum
B. academy
C. institution
D. leader
Answer: A. the lyceum
26. According to Aristotle which is the bad government of the rich:
A. tyranny
B. oligarchy
C. democracy
D. none of these
Answer: B. oligarchy
27. Who is regarded as the father of political science?
A. plato
B. machiavelli
C. aristotle
D. karl marx
Answer: C. aristotle
28. According to Aristotle the end of State is:-
A. logical
B. legal
C. ethical
D. none of these
Answer: C. ethical
29. Who regards democracy as a perverted form of government?
A. js mill
B. aristotle
C. th green
D. bentham
Answer: B. aristotle
30. Plato’s system of communism s meant only for
A. soldiers and workers
B. philosophers and soldiers
C. philosophers, soldiers and workers
D. philosophers and workers
Answer: B. philosophers and soldiers
31. Who defined justice as “treating equals equally and unequalsunequally”?
A. js mill
B. aristotle
C. th green
D. bentham
Answer: B. aristotle
32. Who identified democracy with mobocracy?
A. socrates
B. aristotle
C. plato
D. kant
Answer: B. aristotle
33. The book ‘ Politics’ is written by
A. plato
B. aristotle
C. hegel
D. engels
Answer: B. aristotle
34. The doctrine of proportional equality was propounded by
A. socrates
B. aristotle
C. plato
D. kant
Answer: B. aristotle
35. The principle of distributive justice was first propounded by
A. aristotle
B. plato
C. kant
D. bentham
Answer: A. aristotle
36. ……………believed the natural organism of the state.
A. aristotle
B. plato
C. kant
D. bentham
Answer: A. aristotle
37. According to Aristotle,,,,,,,………is the best form of government.
A. monarchy
B. oligarchy
C. polity
D. aristocracy
Answer: C. polity
38. The term, “anarchism” has been derived from the word ‘anarchia’ which is basically a:
A. greek word
B. latin word
C. french word
D. none of these
Answer: B. latin word
39. A Discourse on the origin of Inequality and Social Contract was presented by:
A. hobbes
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. none of these
Answer: C. rousseau
40. The General Will is the political concept of:
A. j. j. rousseau
B. hobbes
C. locke
D. none of these
Answer: A. j. j. rousseau
41. Rousseau’s political philosophy furnished basis for:
A. political sovereignty
B. limited sovereignty
C. popular sovereignty
D. absolute
Answer: C. popular sovereignty
42. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born on:
A. 28th june 1711
B. 28th june 1712
C. 26th june 1713
D. 28th june 1714
Answer: B. 28th june 1712
43. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in:
A. london, britain
B. geneva, switzerland
C. ermenonville, france
D. none of these
Answer: B. geneva, switzerland
44. How does Rousseau describe man in his primal natural state?
A. a noble savage
B. solitary, nasty and brutish
C. a blank state
D. totally corrupted
Answer: A. a noble savage
45. What was Rousseau’s remedy for the corruption and slavery of civilized society?
A. a new social contract
B. democratic reforms
C. revolution
D. socialism
Answer: A. a new social contract
46. ‘Social Contract’ is a book written by
A. hobbes
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. bentham
Answer: C. rousseau
47. Who among the following thinkers distinguished between “Real will” and “Actual will”
A. rousseau
B. green
C. kant
D. locke
Answer: A. rousseau
48. Who argues that sovereignty can never be alienated, divided or represented?
A. hegel
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. bentham
Answer: C. rousseau
49. “A thinking man is a deprived animal” Who said?
A. hobbes
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. bentham
Answer: C. rousseau
50. The concept of forced freedom was first enunciated by
A. hobbes
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. th green
Answer: C. rousseau
51. The theory of social contract primarily seeks
A. to explore the historical origin of the state
B. to explain the basis of political obligation
C. to justify the status quo
D. to bring out a radical transformation of society by revolution
Answer: B. to explain the basis of political obligation
52. General will is the sum total of
A. real will
B. actual will
C. strong will
D. supreme will
Answer: A. real will
53. Hobbesian social contract is based on:
A. desire for peace
B. selfishness
C. fear
D. completion (e) none of these.
Answer: A. desire for peace
54. ‘Leviathan’ is written by:
A. thomas hobbes
B. hegel
C. locke
D. none of these
Answer: A. thomas hobbes
55. What is the original source for the name “Leviathan”?
A. hobbes\s leviathan
B. the of job
C. john milton\s paradise lost
D. homer\s iliad
Answer: B. the of job
56. Who attempted to justify English revolution of 1688?
A. hegel
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. bentham
Answer: B. locke
57. “An essay concerning Human Understanding” is written by:
A. thomas hobbes
B. john locke
C. j. j. rousseau
D. none of these
Answer: B. john locke
58. “Justice is giving everyone his due” is said by:
A. rousseau
B. hobbes
C. aristotle
D. none of these
Answer: D. none of these
59. Locke laid down that state is:
A. an end in itself
B. means to an end
C. unavoidable evil
D. legal necessity (e) none of
Answer: C. unavoidable evil
60. According to John Locke, the best form of Government is:
A. monarchy
B. aristocracy
C. democracy
D. none of these
Answer: C. democracy
61. In describing the ‘State of nature’ the concept of ‘the veil of ignorance was introduced by
A. hobbes
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. rawls
Answer: B. locke
62. The view that property is natural rights of man is associated with
A. aristotle
B. st augustine
C. locke
D. hegel
Answer: C. locke
63. Who said “Where there is no law, there is no freedom?”
A. karl marx
B. locke
C. herbert spencer
D. adam smith
Answer: B. locke
64. According to Hobbes and Locke Right to life liberty and property are given by
A. state
B. nature
C. society
D. association
Answer: B. nature
65. The rule of law means
A. law is supreme
B. the president is supreme
C. parliament is supreme
D. none of these
Answer: B. the president is supreme
66. The statement “where there is no law,there is no freedom” refers to
A. liberty and equality
B. justice and equality
C. rights and justice
D. law and liberty
Answer: D. law and liberty
67. Doctrine of ….. presents a reconciliation of St Augustine and Aristotle.
A. st thomas aquinas
B. nicholo machiavelli
C. bentham
D. hegel
Answer: A. st thomas aquinas
68. Suma Theologica is a famous work by…………
A. plato
B. aristotle
C. nicholo machiavelli
D. st thomas aquinas
Answer: D. st thomas aquinas
69. ‘De-Regmine Pricipium’ is written by……………
A. st thomas aquinas
B. nicholo machiavelli
C. bentham
D. hegel
Answer: A. st thomas aquinas
70. Aquinas favoured …………..is the best form of government for several reasons.
A. limited monarchy
B. aristocracy
C. democracy
D. oligarchy
Answer: A. limited monarchy
71. ……….according to Aquinas has authority to ex- communicate the ruler
A. church
B. state
C. civil society
D. courts
Answer: A. church
72. Four fold classification of laws was given by…………..
A. st thomas aquinas
B. nicholo machiavelli
C. bentham
D. hegel
Answer: A. st thomas aquinas
73. By…………… Aquinas meant substantially revelation
A. human law
B. divine law
C. eternal law
D. natural law
Answer: B. divine law
74. With ……….. began modern political philosophy.
A. aquinas
B. bentham
C. mill
D. machiavelli
Answer: D. machiavelli
75. The work ‘Discourse’ is by
A. machiavelli
B. marx
C. lenin
D. engels
Answer: A. machiavelli
76. Who learned the idea of separation of ethics and politics from Aristotle
A. aquinas
B. marx
C. machiavelli
D. engels
Answer: C. machiavelli
77. Machiavelli followed………… method in his political philosophy.
A. legal
B. historical
C. institutional
D. cultural
Answer: B. historical
78. According to …………..man is always termed as creature of habits
A. aquinas
B. marx
C. machiavelli
D. engels
Answer: C. machiavelli
79. Who was the first political thinker who brought the concept of state in political science
A. machiavelli
B. st thomas aquinas
C. engels
D. hitler
Answer: A. machiavelli
80. ‘Felicific Calculus’ was the contribution of:
A. bentham
B. aristotle
C. plato
D. j. s. mill (e) none of these.
Answer: A. bentham
81. Founder of utilitarian school of thought was:
A. edmund burk
B. jeremy bentham
C. j.s. mill
D. james mill
Answer: B. jeremy bentham
82. He is known as the founding father of Utilitarianism:
A. james mill
B. jeremy bentham
C. c. wright mills
D. none of these
Answer: B. jeremy bentham
83. “Traits –de- legislation” is a book written by
A. j s mill
B. bentham
C. thomas hobbes
D. none of these
Answer: B. bentham
84. Greatest happiness of the greatest number is the contribution of ………………..
A. mill
B. green
C. bentham
D. kant
Answer: C. bentham
85. ’.Liberty is nothing to do with utility’ says…….
A. mill
B. green
C. bentham
D. rousseau
Answer: C. bentham
86. Human beings are governors of two masters , pleasure and pain.
A. hegel
B. marx
C. bentham
D. green
Answer: C. bentham
87. Fragments of Government is written by …………….
A. st thomas aquinas
B. nicholo machiavelli
C. aristotle
D. jeremy bentham
Answer: D. jeremy bentham
88. Plato’s ‘Republic’ contains his ideas about
A. justice
B. theory of state
C. theory of education
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
89. Bentham supported the theory of …………………
A. natural rights
B. historical rights
C. legal rights
D. ethical rights
Answer: C. legal rights
90. Which one of the following is the essential pre requisite of constitutionalism
A. a limited government
B. written constitution
C. guarantee of fundamental rights
Answer: A. a limited government
91. The book ___________ is written by J.S.Mill.
A. on liberty
B. two cities
C. city of joy
D. city lights
Answer: A. on liberty
92. Principles of Political Economy is a work by ……………………
A. hegel
B. marx
C. j s mill
D. lenin
Answer: C. j s mill
93. Subjection of Women is a work by…………………….
A. hegel
B. marx
C. j s mill
D. lenin
Answer: C. j s mill
94. ……………….is the champion of individualism and liberty
A. j s mill
B. plato
C. aristotle
D. locke
Answer: A. j s mill
95. Over himself , over his own body and mind the individual is sovereign.”
A. hobbes
B. green
C. j s mill
D. engels
Answer: C. j s mill
96. ……………… stood for qualitative pleasure.
A. hobbes
B. kant
C. j s mill
D. marx
Answer: C. j s mill
97. “Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)” Was written by:
A. jeremy bentham
B. j.s. mill
C. john locke
D. none of these
Answer: B. j.s. mill
98. ……………favoured the idea of plurality of votes
A. th green
B. karl marx
C. js mill
D. jeremy bentham
Answer: C. js mill
99. According to JS Mill,………………….is not an ideal form of government .
A. polity
B. oligarchy
C. democracy
D. aristocracy
Answer: C. democracy
100. The positive theory of liberty was advocated by
A. mill
B. green
C. hegel
D. marx
Answer: A. mill
101. T H Green is ………………….
A. an idealist
B. an anarchist
C. utilitarian
D. realist
Answer: A. an idealist
102. According to…………., State is the source of all rights.
A. t h green
B. bentham
C. locke
D. chomsky
Answer: A. t h green
103. According to Aquina’s, which one of the following is” the mind of god”
A. natural law
B. eternal law
C. divine law
D. human law
Answer: B. eternal law
104. “Man is a moral being and tries to seek moral perfection “says………
A. kant
B. mill
C. marx
D. t h green
Answer: D. t h green
105. The philosophical concepts of Marxism are in part derived from
A. hegel
B. locke
C. rousseau
D. bentham
Answer: A. hegel
106. ’Phenomenology’ of mind is a work by……………
A. hegel
B. green
C. marx
D. hegel
Answer: A. hegel
107. Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences is a work by……………….
A. marx
B. engels
C. kant
D. hegel
Answer: D. hegel
108. The positive theory of liberty was advocated by
A. js mill
B. aristotle
C. th green
D. plato
Answer: C. th green
109. Philosophy of Right (1831) is a work by ……………..
A. marx
B. engels
C. lenin
D. hegel
Answer: D. hegel
110. According to ………. , state is divine origin and the essence of state is freedom.
A. lenin
B. marx
C. engels
D. hegel
Answer: D. hegel
111. To ……………State is the march of god on earth.
A. lenin
B. marx
C. engels
D. hegel
Answer: D. hegel
112. According to ………..’dialectic explain the logic of history’
A. kant
B. rousseau
C. engels
D. hegel
Answer: D. hegel
113. Who was the founder of Hegelianism and Historicism?
A. george wilhelm friedrich hegel
B. h. jackson
C. immanuel kant
D. horn, david
Answer: A. george wilhelm friedrich hegel
114. Who was the creator of German Idealism?
A. immanuel kant
B. george wilhelm friedrich hegel
C. jeans jacques rousseau
D. none
Answer: B. george wilhelm friedrich hegel
115. The Elements of the Philosophy of Right, his political philosophy was published in:
A. 1820
B. 1825
C. 1830
D. 1834
Answer: A. 1820
116. Karl ,Marx and F. Engels Co- authored
A. das capital
B. the poverty of philosophy
C. theprince
D. german ideology
Answer: A. das capital
117. Who argued that democracy and capitalism cannot go together?
A. marxists
B. anarchists
C. socialists
D. idealists
Answer: A. marxists
118. Marx was in favour of abolishing
A. private property
B. general property
C. all property
D. public property
Answer: A. private property
119. “The state is a machine maintaining the rule of one class over the other” This was said by
A. karl marx
B. lenin
C. engels
D. hitler
Answer: C. engels
120. Who has been generally associated with the introduction of the doctrine of Socialism
A. karl marx
B. lenin
C. engels
D. hitler
Answer: A. karl marx
121. In marx’s metaphor , base –super structural base refers to
A. forces of production and relations of production
B. social and legal institutions
C. relations of production
D. class struggle
Answer: A. forces of production and relations of production
122. ……………. is the famous book written by Karl max
A. prince
B. das capital
C. on liberty
D. republic
Answer: B. das capital
123. Dictatorship of the Proletariat is one of the concepts of:
A. karl marx
B. max weber
C. maozedong
D. none of these
Answer: A. karl marx
124. Author of the book ‘Capital’ is”:
A. karl marx
B. lenin
C. mao
D. none of these
Answer: A. karl marx
125. The concept of ‘Surplus Value’ is given by:
A. mao
B. lenin
C. marx
D. none of these
Answer: C. marx
126. The slogan”Land bread and peace” is associated with
A. french revolution
B. russian revolution
C. american revolution
D. glorious revolution
Answer: B. russian revolution
127. The Marxian theory of Surplus Value is largely derived of the theory of
A. adam smith
B. ricardo
C. malthus
D. john stuart mill
Answer: B. ricardo
128. Who wrote the Communist Manifesto with Marx?
A. vladimir lenin
B. joseph stalin
C. friedrich engels
D. none of these
Answer: C. friedrich engels
129. Where was Karl Marx born?
A. trier,germany
B. berlin, germany
C. bonn, germany
D. none of these
Answer: A. trier,germany
130. …………used to characterise state as an engine of despotism’
A. lenin
B. hegel
C. marx
D. engels
Answer: D. engels
131. The Bolshevik movement in Russia was led by:
A. stalin
B. trotsky
C. lenin
D. none of these
Answer: C. lenin
132. According to Lenin the ………….tries to crush the working class.
A. capitalists
B. government
C. liberals
D. socialists
Answer: B. government
133. …………..laid much more stress on revolutionary side of Marxian Philosophy.
A. green
B. bentham
C. lenin
D. engels
Answer: C. lenin
134. According to ……………….revolution is an essential step towards socialism
A. lenin
B. marx
C. engels
D. hegel
Answer: A. lenin
135. Who was the staunch supporter of Karl Marx.
A. hegel
B. marx
C. engels
D. lenin
Answer: D. lenin
136. …………… wanted action should follow theory and vice versa.
A. marx
B. engels
C. lenin
D. green
Answer: C. lenin
137. The book ‘what is to be done?’ is written by
A. marx
B. lenin
C. hegel
D. engels
Answer: B. lenin
138. Lenin’s first important theoretical work relates to
A. factors of production
B. organisation of the party
C. industry
D. peasant movements
Answer: B. organisation of the party
139. Who said that “all nations will arrive at socialism”?
A. karl marx
B. lenin
C. mao
D. none of these
Answer: B. lenin
140. According to Gramsci ………………which applies coercion tomaintain its domination
A. civil society
B. state
C. church
D. political society
Answer: D. political society
141. Structures associated with……… are called structures of legitimation
A. base
B. religion
C. morals
D. superstructure
Answer: D. superstructure
142. The condition of working class in England is a book written by………..
A. marx
B. engels
C. lenin
D. hegel
Answer: B. engels
143. …………….. can be said as father of social democratic Marxism
A. marx
B. hegel
C. lenin
D. engels
Answer: D. engels
144. Those who are active against the very existence of state are known as:
A. fascists
B. anarchists
C. socialists
D. none of these
Answer: B. anarchists