Psychological Statistics Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following are function(s) of inferential statistics?
A. estimation
B. testing of hypothesis
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: C. both (a) and (b)
2. Which of the following is true about inferential statistics?
A. help in getting an idea about sample value from population value.
B. help in getting an idea about population value from sample value.
C. help in getting data from sample.
D. none of these
Answer: B. help in getting an idea about population value from sample value.
3. Parameter in inferential statistics refers to _______
A. sample value
B. data
C. population value
D. variable name
Answer: C. population value
4. A statistic in inferential statistics is related to which of the following?
A. sample
B. population
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: A. sample
5. Estimation is the process of ______
A. formulating some hypothesis about the population
B. inferring statistic from parameter
C. testing some hypothesis about the population
D. inferring parameter from statistic
Answer: D. inferring parameter from statistic
6. Which one of the following statements is true about hypothesis?
A. it is an assumption about population value
B. there are different types of hypothesis
C. hypothesis testing is a function of inferential statistics
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
7. Which of the following is a null hypothesis?
A. there is significant relationship between the variable x and y.
B. there is no gender difference in the mean scores of mechanical aptitude.
C. there is significant effect of intelligence on achievement.
D. none of these
Answer: B. there is no gender difference in the mean scores of mechanical aptitude.
8. The opposite of null hypothesis is known as _______
A. directional hypothesis
B. statistical hypothesis
C. alternate hypothesis
D. composite hypothesis
Answer: C. alternate hypothesis
9. Which of the following is an alternate hypothesis?
A. there is significant gender difference in the mean scores of mechanical aptitude.
B. there is no significant relationship between achievement and previous knowledge.
C. there is no significant effect of intelligence on creativity.
D. none of these
Answer: A. there is significant gender difference in the mean scores of mechanical aptitude.
10. Some statement or assertion above a population is known as _____
A. unique statement
B. a standard statement
C. standard hypothesis
D. a statistical hypothesis
Answer: D. a statistical hypothesis
11. A hypothesis in which there is no indication of direction of change or relation is called a ________
A. directional hypothesis
B. non directional hypothesis
C. alternate hypothesis
D. none of these
Answer: B. non directional hypothesis
12. Tests used to test non directional hypothesis are
A. one tailed tests
B. two-tailed tests
C. three tailed tests
D. four tailed tests
Answer: B. two-tailed tests
13. For testing H0: 1=2 against H0:12 we have the ______
A. one tailed test
B. two-tailed test
C. three tailed test
D. none of these
Answer: B. two-tailed test
14. The alternate hypothesis for the null hypothesis H0: 1 < 2 is______ A. h1: 1>2
B. h1: 1 = 2
C. h1: 1<2 D. h1: 1> 2
Answer: A. h1: 1>2
15. For testing which of the following hypothesis two-tailed test is used?
A. h0 : 1< 2 against h1: 1> 2
B. h0: 1> 2 against h1: 1< 2
C. h0: 1= 2 against h1: 1 2
D. none of these
Answer: C. h0: 1= 2 against h1: 1 2
16. For testing which of the following hypothesis one tailed test is used?
A. non directional hypothesis
B. directional hypothesis
C. alternate hypothesis
D. composite hypothesis
Answer: B. directional hypothesis
17. For testing which of the following hypothesis one tailed test is used?
A. there is no significant gender difference in the mean scores of anxiety.
B. there is significant relationship between variables x and y.
C. experimental group has a higher mean y score than the control group after the treatment.
D. there is no significant difference in mean y scores of control and experimental groups after the treatment.
Answer: C. experimental group has a higher mean y score than the control group after the treatment.
18. Statistical tests are designed to test the ______
A. alternate hypothesis
B. statistical hypothesis
C. composite hypothesis
D. null hypothesis
Answer: D. null hypothesis
19. Which of the following hypothesis are accepted or rejected?
A. alternate hypothesis
B. statistical hypothesis
C. composite hypothesis
D. null hypothesis
Answer: A. alternate hypothesis
20. Hypothesis testing deals with ______
A. prediction of population values based on sample values
B. prediction of sample values based on population values
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: A. prediction of population values based on sample values
21. Which of the following is type I error?
A. the error of accepting h0 when h0 is true.
B. the error of rejecting h0 when h0 is false
C. the error of rejecting h0 when h0 is true
D. the error of accepting h0 when h0 is false.
Answer: C. the error of rejecting h0 when h0 is true
22. Which of the following is type II errors?
A. the error of accepting h0 when h0 is true
B. the error of rejecting h0 when h0 is false
C. the error of accepting h0 when h0 is false
D. the errors of rejecting h0 when h0 is true
Answer: C. the error of accepting h0 when h0 is false
23. The probability of type I error is _____
A. power of the test
B. statistical significance
C. level of significance
D. none of these
Answer: C. level of significance
24. Sampling distributions are distributions formed by ________
A. population values
B. sample values
C. parameters
D. none of these
Answer: B. sample values
25. Sampling distribution of mean values is distribution formed by ______
A. population mean values
B. sample correlation values
C. sample mean values
D. population correlation values
Answer: C. sample mean values
26. Which of the following statements is true about sampling distributions?
A. distributions formed by sample values
B. formed from a population distribution known or assumed.
C. a number of sampling distributions is possible from a population
D. all of the above.
Answer: D. all of the above.
27. Which of the following is standard error?
A. mean of sampling distribution
B. standard deviation of population distribution
C. mean of population distribution
D. standard deviation of sample distribution.
Answer: D. standard deviation of sample distribution.
28. Which of the following are true about standard error?
A. gives an idea about unreliability of the sample
B. gives an idea about confidence limits of parameter values
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: C. both (a) and (b)
29. Which of the following is a statistically large sample?
A. 29
B. 45
C. 16
D. none of these
Answer: B. 45
30. The term statistical significance refers to ________
A. how important the data are for research on the topic
B. the conclusion that there are no reasonable alternative explanation
C. the representativeness of the sample
D. the inference that the observed effects are unlikely to be due to chance.
Answer: D. the inference that the observed effects are unlikely to be due to chance.
31. If we take level of significance as 0.01 then the confidence limit will be
A. 1%
B. 0%
C. 99%
D. 100%
Answer: C. 99%
32. Critical ratio for large independent sample is given by the formula
A. z = standard deviation mean
B. z = standard error difference between means
C. z = se of the difference difference between means
D. none of these
Answer: C. z = se of the difference difference between means
33. The critical ratio is found to be 2.63 while testing H0: 1=2 against H1: 1 2. Thenwhich of the following statements is true?
A. h0 is accepted at 0.05 level
B. h0 is rejected at 0.05 level
C. h0 is accepted at 0.01 level
D. h0 is rejected at 0.01 level
Answer: D. h0 is rejected at 0.01 level
34. While dealing with small samples, preference is given to
A. estimating the population value
B. testing a given hypothesis
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: B. testing a given hypothesis
35. The critical region is the region of
A. rejection of h0 when h0 is false
B. acceptance of h0 when h0 is false
C. rejection of h0 when h0 is true
D. none of these
Answer: C. rejection of h0 when h0 is true
36. ‘Student’ was the pen name of
A. ramanujan
B. gosset
C. garrette
D. none of these
Answer: B. gosset
37. Under which of the following circumstances ‘t’ distribution is used?
A. sample size less than or equal to 30
B. population standard deviation is unknown
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: C. both (a) and (b)
38. Which of the following are the properties of ‘t’ distribution?
A. ranges from minus infinity to plus infinity
B. ‘t’ distribution does not vary with ‘n’
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: A. ranges from minus infinity to plus infinity
39. As sample size increases the ‘t’ distribution approaches a
A. binomial distribution
B. gamma distribution
C. poisson distribution
D. normal distribution
Answer: D. normal distribution
40. The degrees of freedom for which the tabled ‘t’ value is found for test of significanceof mean is given by
A. n
B. n – 2
C. n – 1
D. none of these
Answer: C. n – 1
41. The degrees of freedom for testing significance of difference between two means forsmall independent samples is
A. n1 + n2
B. n1 + n2 -1
C. n1 + n2 – 2
D. none of these
Answer: C. n1 + n2 – 2
42. If the samples are dependent, the difference between mean can be tested using theformula.
A. t = nsd
B. t = nsd
C. 2 nsd
D. nsd
Answer: A. t = nsd
43. Which of the following is the ‘t’ value for the following data (small independent samples)X1= 12, X2 =11, n1 =5, n2=7, s1 = 1.12, s2 = 2.31
A. 8.9
B. 0.35
C. 0.89
D. 0.79
Answer: C. 0.89
44. Normal distribution was defined specially by ——- a) Laplace b) Gauss c) DeMoivre d) None of these59.Which of the following is significance of normal distribution in statistical analysis?
A. many of the dependent variables are commonly assumed to be normally distributed
B. many of the statistical techniques in inferential statistics assumes normality of variable.
C. the theoretical distribution of the hypothetical set of sample means is approximately normal.
D. all of the above
Answer: A. many of the dependent variables are commonly assumed to be normally distributed
45. Which of the following is incorrect about normal distribution?
A. it is symmetrical with respect to the ordinate at mean.
B. mean, median and mode coincide
C. ordinate is minimum at the mean
D. none of these
Answer: C. ordinate is minimum at the mean
46. A normal curve shows 1. a distribution of mentally normal persons 2. population distributed equally in various parts3. greater percentage of cases distributed about the mean score 4. lesser percentage of cases belonging to extreme scores
A. only 1 and 2 are true
B. only 3 and 4 are true
C. all are true
D. all are false
Answer: B. only 3 and 4 are true
47. A mesokurtic distribution curve is a
A. normal probability curve
B. bell shaped curve
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: C. both (a) and (b)
48. A leptokurtic distribution shows
A. a bell shaped curve
B. skewness
C. steep rise in the middle
D. upto some extent it shows all of these
Answer: C. steep rise in the middle
49. Which of the following statement is true about normal curve?
A. the curve extends from - to +
B. good model for many naturally occurring distributions.
C. fifty percent of the scores are below the mean and fifty percent above it.
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
50. Which of the following is application of normal curve?
A. used to convert a raw score into standard score
B. useful in calculating percentile rank of scores
C. for normalizing a given frequency distribution
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
51. Which of the following is true about skewed distribution?
A. it is symmetrical
B. mean, median and mode coincide
C. similar to normal distribution
D. the more mean moves away from mode, larger skewness
Answer: D. the more mean moves away from mode, larger skewness
52. Which of the following statements is true about skewed distribution?
A. either positively skewed or negatively skewed.
B. in positively skewed distribution mean is maximum and mode is minimum.
C. in negatively skewed distribution mode is maximum and mean is minimum.
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
53. Which of the following statements is false?
A. in a positively skewed distribution there is excess tail on right hand side
B. in a negatively skewed distribution tail more extended in the left hand side.
C. in a skewed distribution median lies between mean and mode.
D. none of these
Answer: D. none of these
54. Which of the following statements is true about measures of skewness?
A. no limit for value in karl pearson’s method
B. value ranges from -1 to +1 in bowley’s method
C. value of zero indicates the curve is symmetrical
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
55. Which of the following statements is true about platykurtic curve as compared tonormal curve?
A. flatter
B. broader central position
C. lower tails
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
56. A distribution is leptokurtic if the calculated value of kurtosis in terms of percentile is ——-
A. equal to 0.263
B. less than 0.263
C. greater than 0.263
D. none of these
Answer: B. less than 0.263
57. A distribution is platykurtic if the calculated value of kurtosis in terms of percentile is ——-
A. equal to zero
B. less than 0.263
C. greater than 0.263
D. equal to 0.156
Answer: C. greater than 0.263
58. ANOVA test is based on ——
A. variance ratio
B. probability ratio
C. random sample
D. none of these
Answer: A. variance ratio
59. ANOVA is used when ——-
A. there are more than two groups
B. there is only two groups to be compared.
C. significant difference between two means is to be found
D. none of these
Answer: A. there are more than two groups
60. Which of the following test is used in ANOVA
A. t-test
B. z-test
C. f-test
D. none of these
Answer: C. f-test
61. In ANOVA, F-value is calculated using which of the following formula?
A. variancebetween groups variancewithin groups
B. variancewithin groups variancebetween groups
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: B. variancewithin groups variancebetween groups
62. The assumption basic to Analysis of Variance is
A. population distribution of the dependent variable follow normality
B. subgroups under study have same variability
C. groups drawn on certain criteria, randomly selected from the sub population.
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
63. Total sum of squares 2) Correction 3) Within sum of squares4) Between sum of squares
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 3, 2, 4, 1
C. 4, 3, 2, 1
D. 2, 1, 4, 3
Answer: B. 3, 2, 4, 1
64. The mean sum of squares (MS) is
A. the sum of squares multiplied by its degrees of freedom
B. the sum of squares divided by its degrees of freedom
C. the sum of squares minus its degrees of freedom
D. the sum of squares plus its degrees of freedom
Answer: B. the sum of squares divided by its degrees of freedom
65. In ANOVA independent variables are called
A. categories
B. levels
C. factors
D. none of these
Answer: C. factors
66. In ANOVA different categories of an independent variable are called.
A. factors
B. levels
C. groups
D. blocks
Answer: B. levels
67. If there are more than one independent variables we use
A. one way anova
B. anova for factorial design
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
Answer: B. anova for factorial design
68. In one way ANOVA how many F values are calculated
A. 2
B. 3
C. 1
D. 5
Answer: C. 1
69. If there are two independent variables then how many effects are found in ANOVA?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: C. 3
70. Which of the following statements are true about Two-way ANOVA with 2 x 3 design.
A. there are two independent variables
B. the first independent variable has two levels
C. the second independent variable has 3 levels
D. all of the above
Answer: D. all of the above
71. For testing the significance of difference between means, ANOVA analyses ——
A. means
B. standard deviations
C. correlations coefficients
D. variances
Answer: D. variances
72. In one way ANOVA, if the calculated F value is greater than the tabled value of F, then
A. mean difference between all pairs of groups will be significant
B. mean difference is not significant
C. mean difference between more than two groups in the set will be significant
D. mean difference between atleast two groups in the set will be significant
Answer: D. mean difference between atleast two groups in the set will be significant
73. Which of the following is true about ANOVA?
A. it is a non parametric test
B. homogeneity of variance is not a basic assumption
C. it is a parametric test
D. assumption of normality is not necessary
Answer: C. it is a parametric test
74. The calculated value of kurtosis in terms of percentile for a given data is found tobe 0.321, then the distribution is
A. mesokurtic
B. leptokurtic
C. platykurtic
D. none of these
Answer: C. platykurtic
75. The process of grouping the related data in to classes is called
A. Collection
B. Tabulation
C. Grouping
D. Classification
Answer: D. Classification
76. Non-measurable characteristics of data are called
A. Variables
B. Attributes
C. Features
D. None of these
Answer: B. Attributes
77. Measurable characteristics of data are called
A. Variables
B. Features
C. Attributes
D. Characteristics
Answer: A. Variables
78. If the upper limit of a class and lower limit of the next class in a classinterval are the same, it is a/an
A. Inclusive Class Interval
B. Exclusive Class Interval
C. Cumulative Class Interval
D. Statistical class interval
Answer: B. Exclusive Class Interval
79. Two-dimensional diagrams are also called
A. Pictograms
B. Area diagrams
C. Pie diagrams
D. Cartograms
Answer: B. Area diagrams
80. When the aggregate and their divisions are to be shown together, thediagram used is
A. Histogram
B. Bar diagram
C. Pie diagram
D. Square diagram
Answer: C. Pie diagram
81. Cumulative frequency curve is also called
A. Line graph
B. Frequency polygon
C. Ogive
D. None of these
Answer: C. Ogive
82. Frequency polygon is called
A. Frequency curve
B. Line graph
C. Histogram
D. Ogive
Answer: B. Line graph
83. If the highest frequency of a frequency distribution occurs at the lowestvalues or highest values, the distribution is
A. Symmetrical
B. Normal curve
C. Skewed
D. Non-skewed
Answer: C. Skewed
84. Lack of symmetry is called
A. Kurtosis
B. Dispersion
C. Skewness
D. Either (a) or (b)
Answer: C. Skewness
85. The sum of squares of deviations of a set of numbers from their mean is theproperty of
A. Arithmetic mean
B. Geometric mean
C. Harmonic mean
D. Combined mean
Answer: A. Arithmetic mean
86. ______ is a positional average.
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. MD
Answer: B. Median
87. Value of an item which occurs more frequently than others is
A. Average
B. Mean
C. Median
D. Mode
Answer: D. Mode
88. In a moderately asymmetrical distribution
A. Mean≠ median ≠ mode
B. Mean= median ≠ mode
C. Mean≠ median = mode
D. Mean= median = mode
Answer: A. Mean≠ median ≠ mode
89. Histograms are drawn for
A. Discrete series
B. Continuous series
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Either (a) or (b)
Answer: B. Continuous series
90. Histogram is useful to locate graphically the value of
A. Arithmetic mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Geometric mean
Answer: C. Mode
91. The sum of squares of deviation is least when measured from
A. Zero
B. Mean
C. Median
D. Mode
Answer: B. Mean
92. Stsndard deviation is defined as
A. Mean of deviations taken from the value of mean
B. Mean of deviations taken from value of median
C. Square root of average of squares of deviations taken from the value of mean
D. Square root of average of squares of deviations taken from the value of median
Answer: C. Square root of average of squares of deviations taken from the value of mean
93. The value of median is diagrammatically calculated by drawing
A. Histogram
B. Ogive
C. Frequency polygon
D. Line graph
Answer: B. Ogive
94. In a positively skewed distribution
A. Mean > median > mode
B. Mean < median < mode C. Mean > median < mode
D. None of these
Answer: A. Mean > median > mode
95. _____ is a relative measure of variation based on standard deviation.
A. Quartile deviation
B. Mean deviation
C. Coefficient of variation
D. Variance
Answer: C. Coefficient of variation
96. The value of an item which occupies the central position when the items arearranged in the ascending or descending order is
A. Mean
B. Mode
C. Median
D. Average
Answer: C. Median
97. In discrete series, items having ____ frequency is taken as mode.
A. Highest
B. Lowest
C. Medium
D. Average
Answer: A. Highest
98. Measure of variation of the items from some central value is referred to as
A. Deviation
B. Dispersion
C. Difference
D. Doth (a) and (c)
Answer: B. Dispersion
99. Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?
A. Range
B. Quartile deviation
C. Median
D. Mean deviation
Answer: C. Median
100. _____ is the simplest possible measure of dispersion.
A. Mean deviation
B. Quartile deviation
C. Standard deviation
D. Range
Answer: D. Range
101. _____ is defined as half the distance between the third quartile and the firstquartile.
A. SD
B. QD
C. MD
D. range
Answer: B. QD
102. _____ is defined as the arithmetic mean of deviations of all items in a seriesfrom their average.
A. Quartile deviation
B. Mean deviation
C. Range
D. Standard deviation
Answer: B. Mean deviation
103. The standard deviation of the series 5, 8, 7, 11, 9, 10, 8, 2, 4, 6 is
A. 2.646
B. 2.466
C. 2.664
D. 2.7
Answer: A. 2.646
104. The mean deviation from mean for the values 25, 63, 85, 75, 62, 70, 83, 28,30, 12 is
A. 22.64
B. 23.64
C. 20.36
D. 20.64
Answer: B. 23.64
105. Standard deviation when expressed as percentage ratio to ____ we getcoefficient of variation.
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Coefficient of MD
D. Coefficient of SD
Answer: A. Mean
106. While finding deviation from average, the sign is ignored in
A. Standard deviation
B. Mean deviation
C. Quartile deviation
D. Coefficient of mean deviation
Answer: B. Mean deviation
107. Standard deviation for a set of equal value is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
Answer: D. 0
108. If N=10, mean=12, ∑x2= 1530, the co-efficient of variation is
A. 20
B. 15
C. 25
D. 10
Answer: C. 25
109. In a symmetrical frequency distribution, the number of items above andbelow the mean would be
A. Same
B. Not the same
C. Equal to the mean
D. More or less same
Answer: A. Same
110. In a symmetrical distribution, mean, median and mode lie at the ____ of the distribution
A. Left
B. Right
C. Centre
D. Either (a) or (b)
Answer: C. Centre
111. For a frequency distribution, what will be the mean if median=132.8 and mode=141.3 ?
A. 128.55
B. 125.55
C. 120
D. 122
Answer: A. 128.55
112. The word Statistics is derived from ……………….
A. Latin word ‘Status’
B. Italian word ‘Statista’
C. German word ‘Statistik’
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
113. The word ‘Statistics’ refers to ………….
A. Numerical facts or data
B. A method of dealing with quantitative information
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Answer: C. Both a and b
114. Definitions of the word ‘Statistics’ can be classified into
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. None of these
Answer: A. Two
115. In singular sense ‘Statistics’ is considered as …………….
A. Statistical data
B. Statistical methods
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Answer: B. Statistical methods
116. Which of the following is an example of statistical data?
A. Data of birth rate
B. Data of agricultural product
C. Data of school dropouts
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
117. “The science of collection, organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data”,is a definition of statistics in ………………. Sense.
A. singular
B. plural
C. classical
D. None of these
Answer: A. singular
118. The data collected by the investigator himself/herself is called
A. secondary data
B. Statistical data
C. Primary data
D. None of these
Answer: C. Primary data
119. Arrange the stages of statistical investigation in correct order(i) presentation (ii) organization (iii) collection (iv) interpretation (v) Analysis
A. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
B. (i), (iii), (ii), (v), (iv)
C. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv), (v)
D. (iii), (ii), (i), (v), (iv)
Answer: D. (iii), (ii), (i), (v), (iv)
120. Drawing conclusion from the data collected is called
A. Analysis
B. organization
C. Tabulation
D. Interpretation
Answer: D. Interpretation
121. Which of the following is application of Statistics in Psychology
A. Construction and Standardization of psychological tools
B. Conducting experiments or surveys and arriving at conclusions
C. Interpretation and proper use of results of research
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
122. Statistical methods help a researcher for which of the following?
A. Making the procedure definite and exact
B. Summarizing results
C. Drawing general conclusion
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
123. Which of the following is not a pre requisite for studying procedure for using statistical methods?
A. Being a scholar in Mathematics
B. Knowledge of nature of variables
C. Knowledge of types of measurement
D. Knowledge of theory of probability
Answer: A. Being a scholar in Mathematics
124. Which of the following is a reason for misuse of statistics?
A. Data can be manipulated
B. Figures are convincing
C. Figures can be used to mislead readers
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
125. The process of learning about the population on the basis of a sample drawn from it is known as
A. Experiment
B. Sampling
C. Learning process
D. Research
Answer: B. Sampling
126. In sampling what amongst the following is studied?
A. Only a part of the population
B. Every unit of the population
C. No unit of the population
D. None of these
Answer: A. Only a part of the population
127. Which of the following is not an example of sampling?
A. Blood test
B. class test
C. urine test
D. Testing for the boiling of rice
Answer: B. class test
128. Which of the following is a merit of sampling?
A. Economical
B. Reliable results
C. Detailed Information
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
129. Which of the following is not a limitation of sampling?
A. Less accurate
B. Need experts in the field
C. Appropriate for large population
D. Misleading conclusions
Answer: C. Appropriate for large population
130. Which of the following is not the criteria to determine the appropriateness of sampling technique?
A. Where census is not feasible
B. where there is vast data
C. Where census is feasible
D. Homogeneity
Answer: C. Where census is feasible
131. Which of the following is not a type of probability sampling?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Systematic sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Stratified sampling
Answer: C. Quota sampling
132. A sampling technique in which each every item of the population is given an equal chance of beingincluded in the sample is called
A. Systematic sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Simple random sampling
D. cluster sampling
Answer: C. Simple random sampling
133. Which of the following methods is used to select a random sample?
A. Lottery method
B. Tippett’s Table
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Answer: C. Both a and b
134. Which of the following is not an element of sampling?
A. Selection of the sample
B. Collection of information about the sample
C. Making an inference about the population
D. Making use of the inference
Answer: D. Making use of the inference
135. Which of the following is not a table of random numbers?
A. Tippett’s table
B. Fisher and Yate’s Numbers
C. Kendall and Babington Smitt numbers
D. None of these
Answer: D. None of these
136. Which of the following is a demerit of random sampling?
A. personal bias does not affect result
B. More accurate representation of population than non-probability sampling
C. A completely catalogued population is needed
D. Accuracy of estimation can be determined by the researcher
Answer: C. A completely catalogued population is needed
137. In which of the following methods the entire population is divided into a no. of groups?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Systematic sampling
Answer: C. Stratified sampling
138. A variation of simple random sampling is called ………….. sampling.
A. Cluster
B. Systematic
C. Starified
D. Two stage
Answer: B. Systematic
139. In which of the following methods one unit is selected randomly and additional units are selected atevenly spaced intervals?
A. Simple random
B. Cluster
C. Systematic
D. None of these
Answer: C. Systematic
140. Which of the following is not a merit of systematic sampling?
A. Simple and convenient
B. Economical
C. Results generally satisfactory
D. None of these
Answer: D. None of these
141. Multi Stage Sampling is another name of ……………… Sampling.
A. Systematic Sampling
B. Random Sampling
C. Cluster Sampling
D. None of these
Answer: C. Cluster Sampling
142. Which of the following Sampling methods is used in different stages?
A. Cluster
B. Simple random
C. Stratified
D. Systematic
Answer: A. Cluster
143. If the population is infinite or very large, which of the following sampling units is used.
A. Stratified
B. Systematic
C. Simple random
D. Cluster
Answer: D. Cluster
144. The sampling method which enables existing divisions and subdivisions of the population tobe used as units at various stages is ……………
A. Systematic sampling
B. Simple random sampling
C. Cluster sampling
D. None of these
Answer: C. Cluster sampling
145. Which of the following is not a nonprobability sampling?
A. Judgement sampling
B. Quota sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Multistage sampling
Answer: D. Multistage sampling
146. In which of the following methods of sampling the choice of sample items dependsexclusively on the judgement of the investigator?
A. Purposive sampling
B. Quota sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. None of these
Answer: A. Purposive sampling
147. Which of the following is not a demerit of judgement sampling?
A. Not scientific
B. Influenced by personal bias
C. No objective method to determine sampling error
D. Can be used in making public policy decisions
Answer: D. Can be used in making public policy decisions
148. The investigator has complete freedom in choosing his sample according to his wishes anddesires in
A. Judgemt sampling
B. Quota sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Multiphase sampling
Answer: A. Judgemt sampling
149. A sampling method in which sample elements are selected neither by probability method norjudgement but by convenience is called ………………
A. Accidental sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. None of these
Answer: A. Accidental sampling
150. The results of a sample survey would be subject to …………………..
A. Sampling error
B. Nonsampling errors
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Answer: C. Both a and b
151. The data obtained in an investigation by complete enumeration will be free from ……………
A. Sampling errors
B. Nonsampling errors
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Answer: A. Sampling errors
152. The first man to write a book on probability is
A. Galileo
B. Pierre De-Fermat
C. Demovire
D. Girolamo Cardano
Answer: D. Girolamo Cardano
153. An outcome of an experiment is called
A. Event
B. Sample space
C. Sample
D. None of these
Answer: A. Event
154. The oldest and simplest approach to probability is ……………
A. Empirical
B. Classical
C. Subjective
D. Axiomatic
Answer: B. Classical
155. The probability of an event is defined as “the ratio of the number of ‘favourable’ cases to thetotal number of equally likely cases” in …………… approach.
A. Empirical
B. Classical
C. Subjective
D. Axiomatic
Answer: B. Classical
156. Which of the following is the definition of probability of an event in subjective approach.
A. Limit of the relative frequency as the number of observation increases indefinitely
B. Probability assigned to an event by an individual based on whatever evidence is possible.
C. Probability can be calculated using certain axioms
D. None of these
Answer: B. Probability assigned to an event by an individual based on whatever evidence is possible.
157. An event which may or may not occur while performing a certain random experiment isknown as
A. Sample space
B. Outcomes
C. Random event
D. None of these
Answer: C. Random event
158. Those events which cannot happen simultaneously in a single trial are called ……….. events.
A. Equally likely
B. Mutually exclusive
C. Independent
D. Dependent
Answer: B. Mutually exclusive
159. If the outcome of one event does not affect and is not affected by the other event, then thetwo events are called ……….. events.
A. Equally likely
B. Independent
C. Dependent
D. Mutually exclusive
Answer: B. Independent
160. If the totality of events includes all the possible outcomes of a random experiment, then theevents are called …………….
A. Equally likely
B. Independent
C. Mutually exclusive
D. Exhaustive
Answer: D. Exhaustive
161. An event A is said to be the complementary event of B if A and B are
A. Mutually exclusive
B. Equally likely
C. Exhaustive
D. Both a and c
Answer: D. Both a and c
162. If two events A and B are independent then probability of A and B is given by
A. P(A and
B. = P(A) + P(B) b) P(A and B) = P(A) – P(B)
C. P(A and B) = P(A) X P(B)
D. None of these
Answer: C. P(A and B) = P(A) X P(B)
163. Conditional probability can be defined when A and B are ……………… events
A. Mutually exclusive
B. Dependent
C. Independent
D. Exhaustive
Answer: B. Dependent
164. greater percentage of cases distributed about the mean score4. lesser percentage of cases belonging to extreme scores
A. Only 1 and 2 are true
B. Only 3 and 4 are true
C. all are true
D. all are false
Answer: B. Only 3 and 4 are true
165. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. As probability of Type I error increases, probability of type II error also increases.
B. As the probability of Type I error decreases, the probability of type II error increases.
C. As the probability of Type II error decreases, the probability of Type I error increases.
D. None of these
Answer: A. As probability of Type I error increases, probability of type II error also increases.
166. Following data is related to emotional intelligence of two groups A and B.Mean SD N Group A 75 15 150 Group B 70 20 250 Then the critical ratio is given by
A. 2.53
B. 1.98
C. 2.84
D. None of these
Answer: C. 2.84
167. Which of the following is the ‘t’ value for the following data (small independentsamples)X1= 12, X2 =11, n1 =5, n2=7, s1 = 1.12, s2 = 2.31
A. 8.9
B. 0.35
C. 0.89
D. 0.79
Answer: C. 0.89
168. Degrees of freedom for testing the significance of correlation coefficient is calculatedusing the formula ——
A. n1 + n2
B. n-1
C. n -3
D. n-2
Answer: D. n-2
169. Normal distribution was originally investigated by ——-
A. Gauss
B. Laplace
C. DeMoivre
D. None of these
Answer: C. DeMoivre
170. Normal distribution was defined specially by ——-
A. Laplace
B. Gauss
C. DeMoivre
D. None of these
Answer: A. Laplace
171. Which of the following is significance of normal distribution in statistical analysis?
A. Many of the dependent variables are commonly assumed to be normally distributed
B. Many of the statistical techniques in inferential statistics assumes normality of variable.
C. The theoretical distribution of the hypothetical set of sample means is approximately normal.
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
172. The area under the normal curve between the ordinates x = – and x = + is
A. 68.26%
B. 95.44%
C. 34.13%
D. None of these
Answer: A. 68.26%
173. The area under the normal curve between the ordinatesx = – 2 and x = +2 is
A. 68.26%
B. 95.44%
C. 99%
D. None of these
Answer: B. 95.44%
174. The area under the normal curve between the ordinatesx = – 3 and x = +3 is
A. 68.26%
B. 95.44%
C. 99.73%
D. 90%
Answer: C. 99.73%
175. The term skewness refers to ——-
A. bulginess
B. lack of symmetry
C. symmetrical
D. normal
Answer: B. lack of symmetry
176. Measure of skewness gives ——-
A. Direction of skewness
B. Extent of skewness
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of these
Answer: C. Both (a) and (b)
177. In one way ANOVA, if the calculated F value is greater than the tabled value of F,then
A. Mean difference between all pairs of groups will be significant
B. Mean difference is not significant
C. Mean difference between more than two groups in the set will be significant
D. Mean difference between atleast two groups in the set will be significant
Answer: D. Mean difference between atleast two groups in the set will be significant
178. A line graph drawn from a histogram.
A. Ogive
B. Cumulative Frequency Graph
C. Frequency Polygon
D. Cumulative Percentage Frequency Graph
Answer: C. Frequency Polygon
179. Representation of data as portions of a circle of 3600.
A. Bar diagram
B. Pie diagram
C. Pictogram
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Pie diagram
180. The actual or exact lower limit of the class 40 – 45.
A. 39.5
B. 40.5
C. 39
D. 40
Answer: A. 39.5
181. Which among the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
A. Mean
B. Standard Deviation
C. Mode
D. Median
Answer: B. Standard Deviation
182. The arithmetic mean of the distribution 10,20,12,8,6 is……………..
A. 56
B. 12
C. 28
D. 11.2
Answer: D. 11.2
183. The value that divides a series in to two halves above and below it is…………
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. SD
Answer: B. Median
184. The number of median a distribution can have is………..
A. One
B. Two
C. Less than one
D. More than two
Answer: A. One
185. Ogive is also called ………….. graph.
A. Frequency
B. Cumulative Frequency Curve
C. Cumulative Percentage Frequency Curve
D. Frequency polygon
Answer: C. Cumulative Percentage Frequency Curve
186. Which among the following cannot be manipulated algebraically?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Both b and c
Answer: D. Both b and c
187. Mode of the distribution 34, 48, 23, 45, 34, 54, 45, 56, 34, 76.
A. 45
B. 76
C. 34
D. 23
Answer: C. 34
188. The tendency of data to be scattered around the average is ……….
A. Central tendency
B. Dispersion
C. Range
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Dispersion
189. Find the odd one.
A. Range
B. SD
C. QD
D. Mean
Answer: D. Mean
190. Find range of the distribution 30, 42, 65, 26, 78, 54.
A. 52
B. 26
C. 54
D. 78
Answer: A. 52
191. The most stable measure of variability is …………..
A. Mean Deviation
B. Quartile Deviation
C. Standard Deviation
D. Range
Answer: C. Standard Deviation
192. The percentage of Standard Deviation to Mean of a distribution is called
A. Variation
B. Coefficient of Variation
C. Dispersion
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Coefficient of Variation
193. The median value of the distribution 30, 20, 42, 32, 12.
A. 42
B. 68
C. 32
D. 30
Answer: D. 30
194. The mean of a distribution is 50 and the standard deviation is 5. The coefficient ofvariation is …………..
A. 10%
B. 0.1%
C. 10
D. 0.1
Answer: A. 10%
195. The value of standard deviation will always be a …………..number.
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Positive or negative
D. Both a and b
Answer: B. Positive
196. Which among the following represent mean?
A. Geometric
B. Harmonic
C. Quadratic
D. All the above
Answer: D. All the above
197. Which among the following is an index of variation?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. SD
D. Mode
Answer: C. SD
198. The mean of a distribution is 36 and median is 42. Compute mode.
A. 39
B. 198
C. 24
D. 54
Answer: D. 54
199. …………… is also called as semi- inter quartile range.
A. Mean deviation
B. Standard deviation
C. Quartile Deviation
D. Range
Answer: C. Quartile Deviation
200. The measure that has the maximum frequency is…………
A. Mean deviation
B. Mean
C. Median
D. Mode
Answer: D. Mode
201. Data regarding psychological traits will be in ………….form.
A. Continuous
B. Discrete
C. Both a and b
D. Either a or b
Answer: A. Continuous
202. The midpoint of the class 70-74 is …………..
A. 71.5
B. 72
C. 72.5
D. 71
Answer: B. 72
203. The method of organising data showing the number of times a score occur in givendistribution is……….
A. Rank order
B. Statistical table
C. Frequency distribution
D. None of the above
Answer: C. Frequency distribution
204. The representation of numerical data by using pictures in proportion to numbers.
A. Pie diagram
B. Pictogram
C. Line graph
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Pictogram
205. Data in fractions fall under the category
A. Continuous
B. Discrete
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
Answer: A. Continuous
206. The computation of ……………does not require proper ordering of values inascending or descending order.
A. Median
B. Mode
C. Mean
D. Range
Answer: C. Mean
207. The quartile that represent median.
A. Q1
B. Q2
C. Q3
D. Q4
Answer: B. Q2