Quantitative Methods for Economic Analysis 2 Multiple Choice Questions
1. A numerical value used as a summary measure for a sample, such as a sample mean, is known as a
A. population parameter
B. sample parameter
C. sample statistic
D. population mean
Answer: C.sample statistic
2. Statistics branches include
A. applied statistics
B. mathematical statistics
C. industry statistics
D. both a and b
Answer: D.both a and b
3. To enhance a procedure the control charts and procedures of descriptive statistics areclassified into
A. behavioural tools
B. serial tools
C. industry statistics
D. statistical tools
Answer: A.behavioural tools
4. Sample statistics are also represented as
A. lower case greek letter
B. roman letters
C. associated roman alphabets
D. upper case greek letter
Answer: B.roman letters
5. Individual respondents, focus groups, and panels of respondents are categorised as
A. primary data sources
B. secondary data sources
C. itemised data sources
D. pointed data sources
Answer: A.primary data sources
6. The variables whose calculation is done according to the weight, height and length and weight are known as:
A. flowchart variables
B. discrete variables
C. continuous variables
D. measuring variables
Answer: C.continuous variables
7. A method used to examine inflation rate anticipation, unemployment rate and capacity utilisation to produce products is classified as
A. data exporting technique
B. data importing technique
C. forecasting technique
D. data supplying technique
Answer: C.forecasting technique
8. Graphical and numerical methods are specialized processes utilised in
A. education statistics
B. descriptive statistics
C. business statistics
D. social statistics
Answer: B.descriptive statistics
9. The scale applied in statistics which imparts a difference of magnitude and proportions is considered as
A. exponential scale
B. goodness scale
C. ratio scale
D. satisfactory scale
Answer: C.ratio scale
10. Review of performance appraisal, labour turnover rates, planning of incentives and training programs and are examples of
A. statistics in production
B. statistics in marketing
C. statistics in finance
D. statistics in personnel management
Answer: D.statistics in personnel management
11. Which one is correct for a binomial distribution?
A. mean = variance
B. mean > variance
C. mean < variance D. mean ≤ variance Discussion B.mean > variance
12. In a binomial distribution, n =5 mean equals 2, what is the value of q?
A. .40
B. .50
C. .60
D. .70
Answer: C..60
13. Three fair coins tossed simultaneously what is the probability to get exact 2 head?
A. 3/8
B. 2/8
C. 1/8
D. 1
Answer: A.3/8
14. In a binomial distribution variance found to be 1 and q=1/2, what is the value of n?
A. 10
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
Answer: D.4
15. In a basket there are 5 red balls and 3 black balls, what is the probability to select 2balls from that in which one is black and one is red?
A. 2/8
B. 5/8
C. 8/28
D. 15/28
Answer: D.15/28
16. What is true for a poison Distribution?
A. mean = variance
B. mean > variance
C. mean < variance
D. mean ≤ variance
Answer: A.mean = variance
17. A statement about a population developed for testing is called
A. hypothesis
B. hypothesis testing
C. level of significance
D. test-statistic
Answer: A.hypothesis
18. Any hypothesis, which are tested for the purpose of rejection under the assumption that it is true, is called
A. null hypothesis
B. alternative hypothesis
C. statistical hypothesis
D. composite hypothesis
Answer: A.null hypothesis
19. The alternative hypothesis is also called
A. null hypothesis
B. statistical hypothesis
C. research hypothesis
D. simple hypothesis
Answer: C.research hypothesis
20. A rule or formula that provides a basis for testing a null hypothesis is called
A. test-statistic
B. population statistic
C. both of these
D. none of the above
Answer: A.test-statistic
21. The range of test statistic-t is
A. 0 to ∞
B. 0 to 1
C. -∞ to +∞
D. -1 to +1
Answer: C.-∞ to +∞
22. If Ho is true and we reject it is called
A. type-i error
B. type-ii error
C. standard error
D. sampling error
Answer: A.type-i error
23. A passing student is failed by an examiner, it is an example of
A. type-i error
B. type-ii error
C. best decision
D. all of the above
Answer: A.type-i error
24. 1 – α is also called
A. confidence coefficient
B. power of the test
C. size of the test
D. level of significance
Answer: A.confidence coefficient
25. 1 – α is the probability associated with
A. type-i error
B. type-ii error
C. level of confidence
D. level of significance
Answer: A.type-i error
26. Area of the rejection region depends on
A. size of α
B. size of β
C. test-statistic
D. number of values
Answer: A.size of α
27. Level of significance is also called
A. power of the test
B. size of the test
C. level of confidence
D. confidence coefficient
Answer: B.size of the test
28. Critical region is also called
A. acceptance region
B. rejection region
C. confidence region
D. statistical region
Answer: B.rejection region
29. The weighted average of price relations using basic values as weights is same as the ………………
A. laspeyres quantity index
B. paasches’ price index
C. laspeyres price index
D. kelly’s price index
Answer: A.laspeyres quantity index
30. Which one of the following indices satisfies both time reversal and factor reversallist ?
A. lasperyres index number
B. fischer’s index number
C. paasches index number
D. bowley’s index number
Answer: B.fischer’s index number
31. Which one of the following index numbers is based on Geometric Mean ?
A. lasperyres index number
B. fischer’s index number
C. paasches index number
D. bowley’s index number
Answer: B.fischer’s index number
32. If the Paasches’ index is 196 and Fishers index is 210, What is the value of theLaspeyres’ index?
A. 220
B. 215
C. 225
D. 230
Answer: C.225
33. The major purpose of price index is to measure change in the …………
A. standard of living
B. gold content of money
C. buying power of money
D. capacity to produce
Answer: C.buying power of money
34. Which of the following statement is not correct ?Fishers’ index :
A. lies between laspeyres’ (l) & paasches’ index
B. is the arithmetic mean of l & p
C. is the geometric mean of l & p
D. is equal to l or p if l = p
Answer: B.is the arithmetic mean of l & p
35. In consumer price index number weights are determing on the basis of ………..
A. actual price of the index
B. the consumption pattern of the class of population
C. actual consumption expenditure
D. both price & consumption expenditure
Answer: B.the consumption pattern of the class of population
36. Consumer price index number indicates
A. the general price level
B. the wholesale price level
C. export price
D. all of these
Answer: A.the general price level
37. Index Numbers measure
A. the change in base year prices
B. the change in current year prices
C. real changes
D. none of the above
Answer: A.the change in base year prices
38. Simple fixed quantity relative
A. × 100
B. × 100
C. × 100
D. × 100
Answer: C.× 100
39. The day to day irregularities in business activity are the example of
A. secular trend
B. seasonal fluctuations
C. cyclical fluctuations
D. random or erratic fluctuations
Answer: D.random or erratic fluctuations
40. Fisher’s ideal index Number satisfies
A. time reversal & factor reversal list
B. only time reversal list
C. only factor reversal list
D. circular list
Answer: A.time reversal & factor reversal list
41. Fishers ideal index is obtained as :
A. the sum of laspeyre’s & paasche’s indices
B. the geometric mean of laspeyer’s & paasche’s indices
C. the arithemetic mean of laspeyer’s & paasche’s indices
D. the harmonic mean of laspeyre’s & paasche’s indices
Answer: B.the geometric mean of laspeyer’s & paasche’s indices
42. ∑ ∑ × 100 is the formula for calculating ……..
A. bowley’s index
B. fisher’s index
C. laspeyer’s index
D. paasche’s index
Answer: C.laspeyer’s index
43. Laspeyres index measures change in
A. fixed market basket
B. current consumption
C. both fixed and current market basket
D. none
Answer: A.fixed market basket
44. is the formula for calculating
A. fishers index
B. bowley’s method
C. laspeyre’s index
D. paasche’s index
Answer: B.bowley’s method
45. Recurrent variations in time series that usually last longer than a year is known as ……………
A. seasonal variation
B. secular trend
C. irregular variation
D. cyclical variation
Answer: D.cyclical variation
46. Paasche’s index measures change in
A. fixed market basket
B. current consumption
C. both fixed and current market
D. none
Answer: B.current consumption
47. A lock-out in a factory for a month is associated with the component of timeseries
A. trend
B. seasonal variation
C. cyclic variation
D. irregular variation
Answer: D.irregular variation
48. Consumer price index number is constructed for
A. a well defined section of people
B. workers only
C. all people
D. all the above
Answer: A.a well defined section of people
49. Which one is not the test of index Number
A. unit test
B. time reversal test
C. triangular test
D. factor reversal test
Answer: C.triangular test
50. The average of Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s index number which gives Fisher’sindex number is
A. am
B. gm
C. hm
D. weighted average
Answer: B.gm
51. Purchasing power of money
A. price index × 100
B. 100
C. 100/
D. real wage
Answer: C.100/
52. Factor reversal list permits the interchange of
A. base periods
B. price & quantity
C. weights
D. none of the above
Answer: B.price & quantity
53. The method which is not used for estimating seasonal components of a timeseries
A. ratio to trend method
B. link relative method
C. method of simple average
D. method of least squares
Answer: D.method of least squares
54. Cost of living index is known as
A. consumer price index
B. whole sale price index
C. quantity index
D. none
Answer: A.consumer price index
55. Paasches index number is based on
A. base year quantity
B. current year quantity
C. day year quantity
D. none
Answer: B.current year quantity
56. Measures of change in the level of phenomenon is called
A. correlation
B. dispersion
C. mean
D. index numbers
Answer: D.index numbers
57. Which of the following is described as ‘barometers of economic activity’?
A. index number
B. correlation
C. regression
D. time series
Answer: A.index number
58. Test to determine whether a given method will work both forward & backward
A. unit test
B. factor reversal test
C. time reversal test
D. none
Answer: C.time reversal test
59. Data which are collected, observed or recorded at successive intervals of time isknown as ……
A. index numbers
B. time series
C. regression
D. correlation
Answer: B.time series
60. Earthquake is an example of
A. secular trend
B. seasonal variation
C. cyclical variation
D. irregular variation
Answer: D.irregular variation
61. All methods of index numbers except simple (unweighted) aggregative indexsatisfies
A. unit test
B. time reversal list
C. factor reversal test
D. circular test
Answer: A.unit test
62. The word statistics was used in…………..
A. 1749
B. 1849
C. 1790
D. 1801
Answer: A.1749
63. Statistics is ………………
A. science only
B. art only
C. science and art
D. neither science nor art
Answer: C.science and art
64. Statistics can……………
A. prove anything
B. disprove any thing
C. neither prove nor disprove anything is just a tool
D. none of these
Answer: C.neither prove nor disprove anything is just a tool
65. Bar diagrams are ……………………..dimensional diagrams
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. none of these
Answer: A.one
66. The number of observations corresponding to a class is known as ………………..ofthat class.
A. population
B. frequency
C. class interval
D. none of these
Answer: B.frequency
67. Diagrams and graphs are the tools of…………………
A. collection of data
B. analysis of data
C. summarisation of data
D. presentation of data
Answer: D.presentation of data
68. Circle diagram is also called
A. pie diagram
B. pictogram
C. sectors
D. none of these
Answer: A.pie diagram
69. Histogram is a ………………
A. graph
B. curve
C. diagram
D. pictogram
Answer: A.graph
70. In a Histogram bars……………….
A. touch each other
B. do not touch
C. either way
D. neither way
Answer: A.touch each other
71. With the help of histogram we can prepare
A. frequency polygon
B. frequency cure
C. both
D. done
Answer: C.both
72. Media is same as ………………..guartile
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
Answer: B.second
73. Median is the average suited for ……………classes
A. open-end
B. closed-end
C. both of these
D. none of these
Answer: A.open-end
74. Which average is affected most by extreme observations
A. mode
B. medium
C. geometric mean
D. arithmetic mean
Answer: C.geometric mean
75. Which of the following is the most unstable average ?
A. mode
B. median
C. arithmetic mean
D. geometric mean
Answer: A.mode
76. For dealing with qualitative data, the best average is …………..
A. arithmetic mean
B. geometric mean
C. harmonic mean
D. median
Answer: D.median
77. The sum of deviations taken from arithmetic Mean is
A. maximum
B. minimum
C. zero
D. one
Answer: C.zero
78. The sum of squares of deviations from arithmetic mean is ………
A. maximum
B. minimum
C. zero
D. one
Answer: B.minimum
79. The best measure of central tendency is …………….
A. arithmetic mean
B. geometric mean
C. median
D. harmonic mean
Answer: A.arithmetic mean
80. The 75th percentile is
A. greater than d6
B. less than d6
C. equal to d6
D. equal to d6
Answer: A.greater than d6
81. Average is a measure of ………….
A. central tendancy
B. dispersion
C. symmetry
D. concentration
Answer: A.central tendancy
82. Histogram can be used to estimate……………
A. median
B. mode
C. mean
D. quartile
Answer: B.mode
83. Deciles divide the data in to ……………….equal parts.
A. 100
B. 10
C. 2
D. 4
Answer: B.10
84. The positionl value which divide the data into 100 equal parts are
A. decile
B. percentile
C. quartiles
D. octiles
Answer: B.percentile
85. Which of the following represents median ?
A. fiftieth percentile
B. first quartile
C. sixth decile
D. 20th percentile
Answer: A.fiftieth percentile
86. When Mean = 20 Median = 30, Mode = ?
A. 40
B. 50
C. 60
D. 70
Answer: B.50
87. Harmonic Mean is the ………………of arithmetic Mean
A. reciprocal
B. substitute
C. both of these
D. none of these
Answer: A.reciprocal
88. Square of standard deviation of a distribution is the
A. median
B. variance
C. mode
D. none of these
Answer: B.variance
89. The best measure of dispersion is …………….
A. range
B. variance
C. quartile deviations
D. standard deviation
Answer: D.standard deviation
90. The measure of dispersion based on all the observations of the series is …………….
A. range
B. quartile deviation
C. standard deviation
D. inter quartile range
Answer: C.standard deviation
91. The Mean is 1000 and standard deviation is 50 then coefficient of variation is
A. 15
B. 5
C. 8
D. 10
Answer: B.5
92. Mean deviation is minimum when deviations are taken from
A. mean
B. median
C. mode
D. zero
Answer: B.median
93. Meaures of dispersion which ignores the sign is……………
A. mean deviation
B. range
C. quartile deviation
D. standard deviation
Answer: A.mean deviation
94. When 5 is added to all the values of a series then standard deviation
A. does not change
B. becomes 5 times
C. increased by 5
D. decreased by 5
Answer: A.does not change
95. In a normal distribution Q.D = …………..
A. sd
B. sd
D. d) √sd
Answer: A.sd
96. For the open-end class frequency distribution the appropriate measure of dispersionis………….
A. range
B. quartile deviation
C. mean deviation
D. standard deviation
Answer: B.quartile deviation
97. For a symmetrical distribution the coefficient of skewness is
A. +1
B. -1
C. +3
D. -3
Answer: C.+3
98. The relationship between x and y is y = 2x + 1. The correlation between x and y is:
A. 1
B. -1
D. 4
Answer: A.1
99. When there is perfect correlation, the value of the correlation coefficient is:
A. -1
B. +1
C. ±1
Answer: C.±1
100. When the correlation coefficient r = ±1, the two regression lines:
A. are perpendicular to each other
B. are parallel to each other
C. coincide
D. do not exist
Answer: C.coincide
101. If b1 and b2 are the regression coefficient of Y on X and that of X on Y respectivelyand r is the correlation coefficient between X and Y then:
A. =
B. =
C. =
D. ℎ
Answer: D.ℎ
102. The correlation coefficient between X and Y will have positive sign when
A. x is increasing, y is decreasing
B. both x and y are increasing
C. x is decreasing, y is increasing
D. there is no change in x and y
Answer: B.both x and y are increasing
103. The correlation coefficient between X and Y is 0.6. Their covariance is 4.8 and thevariance of X is 4. Then the variance of Y is:
A. 2
B. 9
C. 4
D. 16
Answer: D.16
104. The value of the correlation coefficient lies between:
A. 0 and 1
B. -1 and +1
C. -30 and +3
D. none of these
Answer: B.-1 and +1
105. If one of the regression coefficients is greater than 1, then the other must be:
A. greater than 1
B. equal to 1
C. less than 1
D. zero
Answer: C.less than 1
106. The coefficient of correlation:
A. always positive
B. always negative
C. cannot be negative
D. can be both positive and negative
Answer: D.can be both positive and negative
107. Relation between two variables is determined by
A. dispersion
B. mean
C. correlation
D. regression
Answer: C.correlation
108. Maximum value of correlation is
A. 2
B. 1.5
C. 1
Answer: C.1
109. Minimum value of correlation is
A. -2
B. -1.5
C. -1
Answer: C.-1
110. In case there is no relation between the variables, value of coefficient of correlationwill be:
A. -2
B. +1
C. +2
Answer: D.0
111. Coefficient of correlation measure
A. direction of the relation
B. degree of the relation
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the above
Answer: C.both (a) and (b)
112. Range of the coefficient of correlation is
A. ±2
B. ±1
C. ±0.5
D. ±0.25
Answer: B.±1
113. As the value of X increases, if Y also increases, then coefficient of correlation willbe
A. positive
B. negative
C. zero
D. none of the above
Answer: A.positive
114. As the value of X increases, if value of Y decreases, then coefficient of correlationwill be
A. positive
B. negative
C. zero
D. none of the above
Answer: B.negative
115. In case coefficient of correlation is positive, the curve representing the relation willbe
A. upward sloping
B. downward sloping
C. vertical
D. horizontal
Answer: A.upward sloping
116. Vertical curve represent the value of correlation coefficient to be
A. positive
B. negative
C. zero
D. all of the above
Answer: C.zero
117. Horizontal curve represents the value of coefficient of correlation to be
A. positive
B. negative
C. zero
D. all of the above
Answer: C.zero
118. In case, coefficient of correlation is negative, the curve representing the relation willbe
A. upward sloping
B. downward sloping
C. vertical
D. horizontal
Answer: B.downward sloping
119. In case of simple correlation, the number of variables involved are
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: B.2
120. In case of multiple correlation, the number of variables involved are greater than
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: B.2
121. Scatter diagram is
A. mathematical method of finding out correlation
B. positional method of finding out correlation
C. graphic method of finding out correlation
D. none of the above
Answer: C.graphic method of finding out correlation
122. When variations in the values of two variables have a constant ratio, there will be
A. linear correlation
B. zero correlation
C. non-linear correlation
D. none of the above
Answer: A.linear correlation
123. Graph of variables having linear relation will be
A. curved
B. hyperbola
C. straight line
D. none of the above
Answer: C.straight line
124. Graph of variables having non-linear relation will be
A. curved
B. hyperbola
C. straight line
D. none of the above
Answer: A.curved
125. Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation method of measuring correlation is
A. graphic
B. mathematical
C. positional
D. none of the above
Answer: B.mathematical
126. Coefficient of correlation is independent of
A. change of scale
B. change of origin
C. both change of scale and change of origin
D. none of the above
Answer: C.both change of scale and change of origin
127. Spearman’ s method of calculating coefficient of correlation is basedon
A. magnitude
B. rank
C. actual figure
D. none of the above
Answer: B.rank
128. Geometric mean of two regression coefficients is
A. mean
B. dispersion
C. variation
D. correlation
Answer: D.correlation
129. Correlation between price and demand is normally
A. negative
B. positive
C. zero
D. none of the above
Answer: A.negative
130. Correlation between price and supply is normally
A. negative
B. positive
C. zero
D. none of the above
Answer: B.positive
131. Which is the most widely used method of calculating correlation?
A. scatter diagram
B. karl pearson’s
C. charles spearman’s
D. none of the above
Answer: B.karl pearson’s
132. The state which has the lowest IMR in India is
A. kerala
B. goa
C. madhya pradesh
D. uttar pradesh
Answer: B.goa
133. Vital statistics is mainly concerned with
A. births
B. deaths
C. marriages
D. all the above
Answer: D.all the above
134. Complete count of the heads of people of a country is known as:
A. census
B. vital statistics
C. demography
D. none of the above.
Answer: A.census
135. Vital statistics throws light on:
A. changing pattern of the population during intercensal period
B. growth of population
C. fertility of races
D. all the above
Answer: D.all the above
136. The registration of births, deaths and marriages are:
A. a fancy of society
B. a part of medical research
C. a legal document
D. all the above
Answer: C.a legal document
137. In India, the collection of vital statistics started for the first time in
A. 720
B. 1886
C. 1969
D. 1946.
Answer: B.1886
138. The registration of vital statistics in India suffers from :
A. incomplete reporting
B. incomplete coverage
C. lack of accuracy
D. all the above
Answer: D.all the above
139. Registration of vital statistics is organized at the apex by :
A. director general
B. registrar general
C. . census commissioner
D. all the above
Answer: B.registrar general
140. At state level, the registration of vital statistics is carried by :
A. director of economics and statistics
B. chief returning officer
C. chief registrar
D. none of the above
Answer: C.chief registrar
141. Vital Statistics is obtained through :
A. census operation
B. registration system
C. survey method
D. all the above
Answer: D.all the above
142. The advantage of sampling registration is that:
A. it has full coverage
B. it is more accurate
C. it provides the estimate for rural and urban areas separately
D. all the above
Answer: D.all the above
143. The sapling registration system record:
A. age and sex
B. birth rates
C. death rates
D. all the above
Answer: A.age and sex
144. Vital statistics is greatly utilized by:
A. actuaries
B. planners
C. social reformers
D. all the above
Answer: B.planners
145. Vital rates customarily expressed as :
A. percentages
B. per thousand
C. per million
D. per trillion
Answer: D.per trillion
146. The child bearing age in India is
A. 20-24 years
B. 20-29 years
C. 15-49 years
D. 13-48 years
Answer: C.15-49 years
147. The fertility of women in India is maximum in the age group:
A. 15-20
B. 20-24
C. 25-29
D. 15-29
Answer: C.25-29
148. The death rate obtained for a segment of a population is known as :
A. specific death rate
B. crude death rate
C. standardized rate
D. vital index
Answer: A.specific death rate
149. The age specific death rate for the babies of age less than one year is specifically called:
A. neonatal death rate
B. infant mortality rate
C. maternal mortality rate
D. foetal death rate
Answer: B.infant mortality rate
150. The death rate of babies under one month is known as :
A. neonatal mortality rate
B. infant mortality rate
C. maternal mortality rate
D. foetal death rate
Answer: A.neonatal mortality rate
151. The death rate of women due to delivery of children is termed as :
A. neonatal mortality rate
B. infant mortality rate
C. maternal mortality rate
D. foetal death rate
Answer: C.maternal mortality rate
152. Age specific mortality rates fail to reveal:
A. mortality conditions
B. age distribution of persons
C. sex ratio
D. all the above
Answer: D.all the above
153. Standardised death rates are particularly useful for :
A. comparing the death rates in males and females
B. comparing the death rates of two regions
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) or (b)
Answer: B.comparing the death rates of two regions
154. Fertility rates mainly doped on :
A. total female population
B. total population
C. female population of child bearing age
D. number of newly born babies
Answer: C.female population of child bearing age
155. Population growth is mainly concerned with:
A. total number of births
B. number of male births
C. number of female births
D. none of the above
Answer: C.number of female births
156. Sex ratio is defined as
A. × 100
B. × 1000
C. × 100
D. × 1000
Answer: B.× 1000
157. The measure which is not used for mortality is
A. crude death rate
B. age specific death rate
C. standardised death rate
D. crude birth rate
Answer: D.crude birth rate
158. Which state has the highest Infant Mortality rate in India?
A. kerala
B. goa
C. madhya pradesh
D. uttar pradesh
Answer: C.madhya pradesh
159. In India collection of vital statistics started for the first time in
A. 1720
B. 1886
C. 1969
D. 1946
Answer: B.1886
160. Child bearing age in India is
A. 20-24
B. 20-29
C. 15-49
D. 13-48 years
Answer: C.15-49
161. Crude Death Rate (CDR) =
A. × 100
B. × 1000
C. × 1000
D. none of these
Answer: B.× 1000
162. Death rate obtained for a segment of a population is known as
A. specific death rate
B. crude death rate
C. standardised rate
D. vital index
Answer: A.specific death rate
163. Standardised death rates are particularly useful for comparing death rates
A. in males and females
B. of two regions
C. both
D. none
Answer: B.of two regions
164. Fertility rates mainly depend on
A. total population
B. total female population
C. female population of child bearing age
D. number of newly born babies
Answer: B.total female population
165. Generally, the relation between NRR and GRR is
A. nrr = grr
B. nrr < grr C. nrr > grr
D. none of these
Answer: B.nrr < grr
166. Increase in Population indicates
A. nrr = 1
B. nrr < 1 C. nrr >1
D. none of these
Answer: C.nrr >1
167. All the following are measures of fertility except
A. crude birth rate
B. age specific fertility rate
C. infant mortality rate
D. net reproduction rate
Answer: C.infant mortality rate
168. Which of the following is not a measure of mortality?
A. crude death rate
B. specific death rate
C. infant mortality rate
D. crude birth rate
Answer: D.crude birth rate