IBM Rational Functional Interview Questions and answers,RFT tutorials for freshers beginners & experienced pdf free download.
RATIONAL FUNCTIONAL TESTER Interview Questions and Answers :-
1: What are the main features of Functional Tester?
- Complete functional testing of the application
- test the state of objects through verification points.
- Testing any object in the application, including the object’s properties and its data.
- Creating and editing simple object-oriented test scripts.
- Generating code through wizards, for example automatically creating a verification point through wizard.
2: What Process is followed by Rational Functional Tester for test automation?
Recording of Test Scripts, Enhancing the Test Scripts and then Playing Back the Scripts
3: For how many development platforms & Languages Functional Tester is available?
– Java Scripting uses the Java language and the IBM Rational Software Development Platform.
– VB.NET Scripting uses the VB.NET language and the Microsoft Visual Studio .NET development environment.
4: What is benefit of test object map in Rational Functional Tester?
Test object map gets created automatically when recording the script for the application under test. It provides quick way to add objects to a script. It creates a list of test objects available in the application whether they are currently displayed or not. We can create a new test object map either by basing it on an existing map or by adding objects as required. It contains recognition properties for every object; so we can update the recognition information in one central location. Therefore, any scripts using this test object map shall be able to share the updated information. Test object maps created for HTML applications are more hierarchical than those created for Java applications. A browser is the top level of the test object map and the HTML application is inside the browser.
5: How various objects are identified by Functional Tester?
In Functional Tester object-oriented technology is used to identify various objects by their internal object properties and not by their screen coordinates. Thus even if the location or text of an object changes, the Functional Tester can still find it on playback.
6: In how many ways we can test the applications on Linux using RFT?
First Way: We can record a script on Windows Environment and export it to Linux & then play it back on Linux.
Second Way: By writing scripts using the Test Object Insert tool. Instead of creating an object map through recording we populate it outside of the recorder by opening the map and selecting objects in the test application.
We can insert verification points without recording, by opening the Verification Point wizard from the Script Explorer.
7: What are two types of TestManagers in RFT?
1) TestManager: It includes the Test Manager Log, running Windows & Linux remote playback agents and test management features like running scripts as part of a test suite. Functional Tester has its own logs and does not depend on the TestManager log integration.
2) ClearQuest Test Manager: It helps us in associating functional test scripts to Test Cases and executes them. Using CQTM we can analyze the received execution results and record those results for reporting and analysis.
8: What is a Rational and Functional Test project?
Rational Test project is used for storing test assets like test plans test cases, test logs, reports, builds etc. To associate a Functional Tester project with a Rational project, a Rational project needs to be created to store the test assets. Functional Test project stores all application test assets like scripts, object maps, verification point baseline files and script templates. Functional Test project is created before recording the scripts.
9: What is the use of associating a project with TestManager in RFT?
1) Creating and playingback the scripts from within Rational TestManager.
2) Using the TestManager Agent for playing back scripts on remote computer.
3) You can view the scripts from the Test Scripts window of Rational TestManager.
10: Benefits of associating a Functional Tester project with Rational Project.
1) Management of testing assets from one Rational project.
2) You can record and play back all Functional Tester scripts from Rational TestManager.
3) Playing back Functional Tester script on different computer using Rational Test Agents through TestManager.
4) Management Functional Tester logs using the Test Log window of TestManager.
5) Use of Test Manager reports to get information about the results of running Functional Tester test script and get coverage report for testing project.
6) Use TestManager suite to coordinate the way that scripts run.
11: Are there any restrictions when we disassociate a project from the current Rational project?
Yes. We can not play back Functional Tester script or test cases or suites that include Functional Tester scripts in disassociated project from TestManager. Test Manager deletes test script source from the disassociated project. This operation can not be undo. If we associate Functional Test project with Rational project again, TestManager creates new test script source.
12: Name three buttons available in Functional Tester Projects view banner.
– Connect to Functional Test Project: It allows us to connect to an existing Functional Tester project.
– Refresh Projects: It enables us to repaint the display to reflect changes.
– Synchronize with Editor: It scrolls in the tree hierarchy to the name of the script currently displayed in the Java Editor.
13: Can we export Functional Test project items?
We can export project items like scripts, test object maps, Java files, Visual Basic files and data pools to another Functional Tester project. When we export a script Functional Tester includes all necessary files like shared test object maps even though it was not selected by us.
14: What is the utility of a verification points in Rational Functional Tester?
During the recording verification points can be inserted in the script to confirm the state of an object in the application.
A verification point captures the object information based upon the type of verification point and stores it in a baseline data file. The information in the base file becomes baseline of expected state of object during subsequent builds.
15: What types of verification points are provided by RFT?
Rational Functional Tester has two types of verification points: Object properties verification point and Data verification points. Data verification point has five further points: Menu hierarchy verification point, Table verification point, Text verification point, Tree hierarchy verification point, List verification point.
16: How RFT playback depends upon the platform and the browser?
Ans.: Test playback in RFT is independent of the platform as well as independent of browser. E.g. we can record script on Windows and play it back on Linux. Also, the script contains no references to the browser during the recording, we can play back the script using any of the supported versions of Firefox, Mozilla, Internet Explorer or Netscape.
17: What host & test platforms supported by RFT?
Functional Tester runs on the following Host and Test platforms: Windows XP Professional, Windows 2000 Professional & Server, Windows 2000 Server & Advanced Server, Windows 2003 Enterprise, Standard & Server
Platforms supporting all functions of RFT except the recording: Red Hat Linux Enterprise Workstation 4.0, SuSE Linux Professional version 9.0, SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0, Novel Desktop 10.0
18: What types of nesting of objects is supported by Functional Tester?
Parent-child nesting and Owner-owned nesting
19: Type of file extensions created while exporting Functional Test project items?
RFT compresses a copy of the files into a data transfer file with the name specified by us. It also appends a .rftjdtr (Functional Tester Java Scripting) or .rftvdtr (Functional Tester VB.NET Scripting) extension to it.
20: What is the helper superclass in RFT?
All Functional Tester scripts use default helper superclass. These scripts extend the RationalTestScript class and thereby inherit a number of methods. However, advanced users can create their own helper superclass (if they want to add additional methods or override the methods within RationalTestScript).
21: Name the Functional Test project items that can be imported?
Project items like scripts, test object maps, Java files or Visual Basic files, and datapools can be imported into a Functional Tester project. Functional Tester adds all the project items from the data transfer file into the project specified by us. We can use any file compression program which support the .zip to view and work with items in the data transfer file.
22: RFT provides how many type of delete Cookies methods?
– Method of deleting all cookies for the current profile or user
– Method of deletes cookies in a specific page or domain for the current profile or user
23: How an application starts during recording the tests?
While recording tests the application can be started by using startApp command. It makes playing back the tests more reliable because startApp uses the application configuration information. RFT will open either Java applications that we specify or HTML pages in our browser, or run applications in executable form.
24: What is a test project in RFT?
Location where Functional Tester keeps all of the scripts, along with expected and actual results is called as a test project. The format of test project is governed by the environment being used.
Note: If you are using the Java language, create a Java test project. However you are using Visual Basic.NET, create a .NET test project.
25: How can we create a new RFT script without recording?
In new script > RFT includes import statements for files we need to compile the script and comments containing information of archiving. Functional Tester uses the script name as the class name and sets up testMain. Here, you can add the commands to include in the script.
26: Can we do recording in an existing RFT script?
Yes. We can do the recording in existing RFT script by bringing our cursor to the desired location & just start the recording. Start the application >> insert verification points >> and add all script support functions.
27: How can we record script for testing the HTML applications using RFT?
– Enabling the Web browser: Enabling of the browser can be done by clicking on Configure > “Enable Environments for Testing”. This will enable the environments for testing.
– Configuring the HTML applications for testing: It can be done by clicking on Configure > “Configure Applications for Testing” to specify information about our application and its environment. For testing MS HTML Applications (MSHTA), we need to run mshta.exe to configure application desired to be tested.
28: What are the environmental prerequisites prior to playback of RFT scripts?
– Make sure that the application under test is in the same state that it was in when you record the script.
– Ensure that applications and windows that were open or displayed or active when we started recording the script must be open or displayed or active when we start playback.
– Ensure to restore relevant network settings, active databases and system memory (if any) to the same state as when the script was recorded.
29: When we run a RFT script what actions are performed?
When script runs from Rational Functional Tester, it plays back all recorded actions. Playback Monitor starts and provides information when the script plays back. A log file gets displayed after the script runs completed. When script runs from Test Manager, Test Manager creates a temporary suite, runs the suite and removes the suite after the run is completed. We can run a script either from the Test Manager Test Scripts window or from the Test Manager File menu.
30: Out of test scripts or test cases which one should be run to generate test case results?
Test cases should be run to generate test case results instead of the script. If we run a script the Test Manager does not generate test case coverage results.
31: Describe the process of debugging of scripts in Rational Functional Tester.
If the scripts are recorded in the Java programming language – debugging scripts is the same process as debugging a Java application. If the scripts are recorded in the VB.NET Scripting – debugging scripts is the same process as debugging a Visual Basic application.
32: What is the procedure to create data pools in Rational Functional Tester?
A data pool is a test data set – a collection of related data records which supplies data values to the variables in test script during test script play back. You can create data for a data pool from scratch or we can import existing data into a new data pool from another Functional Tester data pool or from a .csv file.
Note: If you need to import the data, you will need to import the data into the same Rational Functional Tester project as the test scripts that access the data. If you need to import data from Test Manager data pool, you will need to first associate a RFT project with a Rational project to use the Test Manager data pool.
33: What type of changes we can do in a data pool?
Once we data drive a test to create a data pool or create an empty data pool, then we can edit the records and variables in the data pool. We can
1) Add – Remove – Move – Edit a record and variable
2) Edit data pool values
4) Cut – Copy or Paste a cell or record or a variable
34: Can we replace literal values in a script with data pool references?
Yes. We can replace literal values in existing script with data pool references to add realistic data to the script. We can replace all literal values or just the number or string or Boolean literals with a data pool reference. If we do not use an existing datapool variable, then the same literal values are used each time we run the script.
35: Which events take place when we run a script?
Verification point accesses the data in the datapool and creates the expected results from the baseline and the active data pool record. Datapool reference resolves and supplies data to verification point. The expected result is compared to the actual result. The expected and actual results are recorded in the log. Any deviations from the expected results are logged as a failure in the test log.
36: Name the two types of datapool record selection orders available in RFT?
Sequential record selection order and Random record selection order.
37: Explain the purpose of Test Object Inspector?
It is used to get a display of the test object information in running application. The information can be of parent hierarchy, inheritance hierarchy, test object properties, non-value properties and method information. Test Object Inspector automatically tracks the cursor and performs live updates after the application is opened. Test Object Inspector does not capture the object / objects in the application if it is not active.
38: What is the wait state feature for the objects?
In RFT, this feature is used to set wait state for an object during the playback to check its existence. It is useful when waiting for an object after starting the application or after other actions taking a long time.
39: What happens to the related files when we rename a test asset?
When we rename a script, Rational Functional Tester renames all its related files like the helper script files, private object map and any verification point files. If you rename a test object map, the associated scripts with the new name gets updated.
Note: After renaming operation, we need to change all callScript commands in scripts which reference the old script name.
40: How Data driving testing is helpful in RFT?
Ans: During data driven testing, the script uses variables for key application input fields and programs instead of literal values so that we can use external data to drive the application being tested. Data driven testing uses data from an external file called as datapool. We can add data to the data pool after finishing the recording of the test script.
41: Name two methods to select an object in an application under test in RFT?
Object Finder Tool method and Test Object Browser method
42: Name the various types of datapools in Rational Functional Tester.
There are two types of datapools: Private datapool and Shared datapool
43: In how many ways test scripts can be saved in RFT?
Three ways: Save the current test script or file, Save all test scripts & files and Save a script under another name
44: Sometimes record monitor goes blank when recording against Java or HTML application. What is the reason for that?
Record Monitor goes blank while recording against Java or HTML application when JREs or browsers are not enabled.
45: What are the actions performed by the agent computers?
– Running the scripts on more than one computer.
– Test different machine configurations.
– Run Functional Tester scripts remotely on Linux or Windows computers.
46: What is required to run a RFT script from Test Manager?
Java Scripting / VB.NET Scripting. On a remote computer, you need to install Rational Test Agent software on the Agent computer and start the agent.
However, if we need external library to run scripts, then we need to install the software on the system on which we plan to run the script. To install a .dll, you need to add the library to directory that is in system search paths and to install a .jar file, you will need to add it to the Functional Tester customization directory. Default location for the customization directory is: C: Documents and Settings All Users Application DataIBMRFTcustomization
47: What is the purpose of using Script Assure in RFT?
This feature helps the successful playback of scripts even when the application under test has been updated. We can play back scripts in RFT by using the ScriptAssure feature to control object-matching sensitivity.
For RFT to recognize an object in the application-under-test, the object properties must match the properties recorded in test object map. RFT can find the object if 1 or 2 properties do not match. If 2 properties do not match, RFT gives a weak recognition warning to the log. If more than 3 properties do not match, RFT cannot find the object in the application.
48: Ways of using ScriptAssure in RFT.
– Standard way: ScriptAssure Page – Standard controls object-matching sensitivity during playback by using a slider control.
– Advanced way: The ScriptAssure Page – Advanced sets thresholds for recognition scores. You can set a maximum score to consider a test object as a candidate for recognition.
49: What is the purpose of Hover feature during recording?
Hover feature is useful to move the mouse towards a particular place during playback in HTML application. It is helpful for clicking on menus or links in HTML testing.
50: What are the six steps involved in test development using RFT?
– Restore test environment and set the playback options.
– Play back each script against the same version of the application under test that was used for recording.
– Analyze the results in the Rational Functional Tester log.
– Use Functional Tester Verification Point Comparator for determining the cause of verification point failures.
– If the script fails; then edit it or debug it or re record it so that it runs as required.
– If we associate a Rational Functional Tester project with the current Rational project, we can group various scripts into test suite and play back the suite to verify that the scripts work properly.
51: What are the two main phases of script playback?
Test Development Phase and Regression Testing Phase
52: What are the six steps involved in regression testing phase using Rational Functional Tester?
– Restore testing environment and set playback options.
– Play back test script against a new build of the application under test.
– Analyze the test results in the Rational Functional Tester log.
– Use the Rational Functional Tester Verification Point Comparator to determine the cause of verification point failures.
– If required, revise your test scripts to use new features in the application under test and playback the revised test scripts.
53: What is purpose of Playback Monitor in Rational Functional Tester?
Using playback monitor, during the playback of script; we can view the script name, number of the line that is executing, status icons and a description of the action in progress.
54: What are the Local and agent computers / machines in RFT?
When we associate Rational Functional Tester project with a Rational project, we can use Test Manager to run the RFT scripts on computers that are designated as Agent computers from a single Windows computer called the Local computer.