Category: Strength of Materials Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Maximum Shear Stress – 1 and Answers

This set of Strength of Materials Multiple Choice Questions on “Maximum Shear Stress – 1”.

1. Shear stress at top most fibre of rectangular section is _____________
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Uniform through out
Answer: c
Clarification: In rectangular section,
The shear stress at a distance “y “ from NA = 6F/bd3 × u (u = d2/4-y)
The maximum shear stress occurs at a neutral axis, in the above equation when y is equal to zero. q is max. Hence the shear stress topmost fibre of rectangular section is zero.

2. 1 GPA = ____________ pa.
a) 105
b) 106
c) 108
d) 109
Answer: d
Clarification: 1 Giga Pascal is equal to 109N/m2(Pascal)
In the same way 1 kilo Pascal equal to 103 pascals
1 mega Pascal is equal to 106 pascals.

3. The maximum shear stress in an I section is __________
a) F/8I ×[B/b (D2-d2)+d2]
b) F/6I ×[B/b (D2-d2)+d2]
c) F/8I ×[B/b (D3-d3)+d2]
d) F/4I ×[B/b (D2-d2)+d2]
Answer: a
Clarification: Shear stress at top flange of the I section is zero.
Shear stress at the junction of web and flange= B/b ×F/8I (D2-d2).
Shear stress at bottom of the flange = F/8I (D2-d2).
And shear force is maximum at neutral axis i.e F/8I ×[B/b (D2-d2)+d2].

4. Find the modulus of section of square beam of size 150 × 150 mm?
strength-materials-questions-answers-maximum-shear-stress-q4
a) 654.5m3
b) 550.85m3
c) 562.5m3
d) 586.9m3
Answer: c
Clarification: Here, a = side of a square section = 150 mm.
Moment of inertia for square section = a4/12; y=a/2.
Section modulus Z = I/y = a3/6 = 1503/6 = 562.5 ×103 mm3.

5. In steel sections, the junction between a flange and web is known as ________
a) Edge
b) Fillet
c) Corner
d) Lug
Answer: b
Clarification: In a steel section, the junction between the flange and the web is known as fillet. The connections solve issues of complex geometry for joining the members of a central hub while they provide the standard connection through out. They are not readily available.

6. The percentage of carbon in structural steel is __________
a) 0.2 – 0.27 %
b) 0.6 – 0.85 %
c) 0.7 – 1.23 %
d) 1.23 – 1.45%
Answer: a
Clarification: The percentage of carbon in structural steel is 0. 2 to 0.27. Percentage of the carbon in steel increases the ductility of the Steel decreases.

7. The minimum percentage elongation for mild steel is __________
a) 6%
b) 13%
c) 23%
d) 34%
Answer: c
Clarification: The minimum percentage elongation for mild steel is 23% and the tensile strength of steel is usually taken as 42 to 54 kg/mm2.

8. GOST standards are used in _________
a) Italy
b) Poland
c) Russia
d) Pakistan
Answer: c
Clarification: GOST is an acronym for gosudastvennyy standard used in Russia.
It usually carries two part number, one indicates serial number and other indicates the year of issue
For example; GOST 155-70.

9. The allowable tensile stresses in steel structures is taken as 1500 kg /cm2 to ______
a) 1765 kg /cm2
b) 1900 kg /cm2
c) 2125 kg /cm2
d) 2455 kg/cm2
Answer: c
Clarification: Steel structures are available in various sections such as rolled I beams, channels, angle iron, bars, flat plates etc. The allowable tensile stress in steel structures is 1500 kg /cm2 to 2125 kg /cm2.

10. As per IS:800, the minimum thickness of web should not be less than ______
a) d/250
b) d/300
c) d/350
d) d/125
Answer: a
Clarification: As per IS: 800, the minimum thickness of web should not be less than d/250; [Where d = clear distance between Flange angles]. In case of unstiffened web, the minimum thickness of web plate should not be less than d/85.

11. The failing of a very long column is initially by ___________
a) Crushing
b) Collapsing
c) Buckling
d) Twisting
Answer: c
Clarification: The members considerably long in comparison of lateral dimensions are called Long columns. The members essentially fail by buckling (or) crippling to bending. According to Euler’s formula the long column can be determined.

12. What is the allowable stress in cast iron?
a) 3200 N/mm2
b) 2400 N/mm2
c) 3400 N/mm2
d) 5500 N/mm2
Answer: d
Clarification: The allowable stress in cast iron is 5500 N/mm2.

Position Stress (N/mm2) Rankine’s Constant
Mild steel 3200 1/7500
Wrought iron 2500 1/9000
Cast iron 5500 1/1600

13. Modulus of resilience is defined as __________
a) Resilience at ultimate stress
b) Resilience per unit volume
c) Resilience at proportional limit
d) Resilience at elastic limit
Answer: b
Clarification: The resilience per unit volume is defined as modulus of resilience. It is a property of the material. The Modulus of resilience is equal to 1Mpa for Steel with the proportionality limit of 200 Mpa.

14. A spring used to absorb shocks and vibrations is called as _______
a) Conical spring
b) Leaf spring
c) Disc spring
d) Torsion spring
Answer: b
Clarification: A leaf spring used to absorb shocks and vibrations and the springs in brakes and clutches are invariably used in order to apply forces.

15. A rectangular beam of 500 mm wide is subjected to maximum shear force of 250kN, the corresponding maximum shear stress been 3 N/mm2. The depth of the beam is equal to ______
strength-materials-questions-answers-maximum-shear-stress-q15
a) 200mm
b) 250mm
c) 300mm
d) 350mm
Answer: b
Clarification: The maximum shear force in a rectangular section is 3N/mm2.
In rectangular sections; Maximum shear force = 3/2 ×[F/bd]
& 3 = 3/2 ×[250 ×103/ 500 × d]
d = 250mm.

250+ TOP MCQs on Analyse Slope of Various Beams and Answers

This set of Strength of Materials Questions and Answers for Entrance exams on “Analyse Slope of Various beams”.

1. A cantilever beam subjected to a point load at free end of span “l” m and possess flexural rigidity (EI).
a) Wl3 / 6EI
b) Wl4/ 8EI
c) Wl2/ 2EI
d) Wl4/ 5EI
Answer: c
Clarification: Area of BMD = A = Wl2/ 2.
According to Mohr’s theorem 1, slope (i) = A/EI = Wl2/ 2EI radians.

2. Cantilever scaffolding is also known as ____________
a) mason’s scaffolding
b) suspended scaffolding
c) needle scaffolding
d) ladder scaffolding
Answer: c
Clarification: The cantilever scaffolding consists of platform supported by series of cantilever beams passing through window openings. They are used when it is not possible to fix the standards into the ground. It is also known as needle scaffolding.

3. Scaffolding you generally adopted when the height of structure is above ___________
a) 1.3 m
b) 1.5 m
c) 1.7 m
d) 2.2 m
Answer: b
Clarification: Scaffolding is a temporary platform provided with necessary supports close to the work to provide a limited space for the labours and workers for the construction of masonry work of any structure above 1.5 m.

4. The horizontal platform in between any two flights of a staircase is called ___________
a) Landing
b) Balustrade
c) Nosing
d) Stringer
Answer: a
Clarification: Landing in stair may be defined as the horizontal platform provided in between any two flights landing. Landing which provides 90 degree turn in the layout of a stair is known as quarter space landing.

5. The ratio of maximum load to the unit area is ________
a) Ultimate bearing capacity
b) Allowable bearing capacity
c) Safe bearing capacity
d) Bearing capacity
Answer: d
Clarification: The term bearing capacity of the soil is defined as the maximum load per unit area which the soil will resist safely without yielding or displacement.

6. ______ is part of a structure which transmits the load to the soil underneath.
a) Basement
b) Plinth
c) Lentils
d) Foundation
Answer: d
Clarification: The lowest artificial built part of structure which transmits the load of the structure to the soil lying underneath. The foundation of a structure is always constructed below ground level. They distribute the load of structure over large bearing area. It increases the stability of the structure as a whole.

7. Full form of NBC ___________
a) Nominal Building Centre
b) National Building Code
c) National Building Cluster
d) Nominal Buoyance Centre
Answer: b
Clarification: NBC stands for National Building Code. According to NBC, all the buildings existing and in construction are classified into number of groups. The respective crystal details are followed with respective synapses.

8. The ultimate bearing capacity/factor of safety = ____________
a) Bearing capacity
b) Allowance bearing capacity
c) Safe bearing capacity
d) Soil consolidation capacity
Answer: c
Clarification: The safe bearing capacity of the soil is equal to ultimate bearing capacity divided by certain factor of safety. Roughly a factor of safety of 2 is used for most of the building sites and generally, a factor of safety of 2.5 to 3 is considered for heavy building constructions.

9. _____ is measured on percentage basis.
a) Camber
b) Formation width
c) Super elevation
d) Shoulder
Answer: a
Clarification: The rise given to the centre of the carriage way with reference to its edge can be termed as camber. It is expressed as 1 vertical to n horizontal. It is also measured along percentage basis.

10. ______ bridge any opening like a window, door, cupboard etc in a building.
a) Sunshade
b) Lintel
c) Footings
d) Stairs
Answer: b
Clarification: Lintel is a horizontal structural member spanning any opening to support loads of the structure coming over it.
i) To facilitate the fixing of doors and windows frames wherever.
ii) They used to receive load from wall constructed over them.

11. The first solar cooker was developed in the year ____________
a) 1947
b) 1953
c) 1945
d) 1960
Answer: c
Clarification: The Solar cookers have a very relevant place in the present fuel consumption pattern. The first solar cooker was developed in the year 1945 by Mr M K Ghosh. The main reasons for non- acceptance of this device was a cheap availability of cooking fuel.

12. Solar arrays are defined in terms of ____________
a) Circuits
b) Diodes
c) Kernel
d) Panels
Answer: a
Clarification: The solar arrays are electrically defined in terms of circuits each of which contributes a portion of the total current output at some nominally specified array voltage.

13. In a cantilever of span “L” subjected to a concentrated load of “W” at a distance of L/3 from free end. The deflection is ________
a) WL3/3EI
b) 14WL3/81EI
c) WL3/81EI
d) 8WL3/81EI
Answer: d
Clarification: The deflection developed at the
strength-materials-questions-answers-entrance-exams-q13
y= W × ( 2L/3)3/ 3EI
y= 8WL3/81 EI.

14. Calculate the slope in a simply supported beam subjected to point load at centre. Take the EI into consideration.
a) Wl3/4EI
b) Wl2/16EI
c) Wl3/8EI
d) Wl4/6EI
Answer: b
Clarification: The slope in a beam can be determined by Mohr’s theorem 1: i = A/EI.
The BMD of beam portion will be Wl2/16.
The slope (i) = Wl2/16EI.

15. Which of the following is a mechanical property of materials?
a) Surface Tension
b) Compressibility
c) Elasticity
d) Specific volume
Answer: c
Clarification: The elasticity is the property by which the body returns to its original shape after the removal of external load. If a body regains completely its original shape is said to be a perfectly elastic material. Rubber, mild steel and copper may be considered to be perfectly elastic within certain limits.

Strength of Materials for Entrance exams,

250+ TOP MCQs on Compressive Stress and Answers

Strength of Materials Multiple Choice Questions on “Compressive Stress”.

1. For keeping the stress wholly compressive the load may be applied on a circular column anywhere within a concentric circle of diameter _____________
a) D/2
b) D/3
c) D/4
d) D/8
Answer: c
Clarification: The load application on a circular column affects stress. If it is under D/4 the stress will be wholly compressive.

2. Consider two bars A and B of same material tightly secured between two unyielding walls. Coefficient of thermal expansion of bar A is more than that of B. What are the stresses induced on increasing the temperature?
a) Tension in both the materials
b) Tension in material A and compression in material B
c) Compression in material A and tension in material B
d) Compression in both the materials
Answer:d
Clarification: Since both the supports are fixed and both bars will try to expand, so rise in temperature will cause compressive stresses in the bars.

3. What will be the unit of compressive stress?
a) N
b) N/mm
c) N/mm2
d) Nmm
Answer: c
Clarification: As the stress is the ratio of force to the area, so it will be N/mm2. Here mm is normally used in its calculation most of the time.

4. A cast iron T section beam is subjected to pure bending. For maximum compressive stress to be 3 times the maximum tensile stress, centre of gravity of the section from flange side is ____________
a) h/2
b) H/3
c) H/4
d) 2/3h
Answer: c
Clarification: H/4 when the applied moment is sagging. Otherwise, I.e. if the applied moment is hogging it is H/4. as in the options both are not given means we have to take hogging.

5. A solid circular shaft of diameter d is subjected to a torque T. the maximum normal stress induced in the shaft is ____________
a) Zero
b) 16T/πd3
c) 32T/πd3
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: The maximum torque transmitted by a circular solid shaft is obtained from the maximum shear stress induced at the outer surface of the solid shaft and given by T = πD3/16 x normal stress,
So, normal stress = 16T/πd3.

6. When a rectangular beam is loaded transversely, the maximum compressive stress develops on ____________
a) Bottom fibre
b) Top fibre
c) Neutral axis
d) Every cross-section
Answer: b
Clarification: Loaded means loaded downwards. In that case, upper fibres will be compressed while lower will be expanded. Hence maximum compressive stress will be developed in top layer.

7. An axial residual compressive stress due to a manufacturing process is present on the outer surface of a rotating shaft subjected to bending. Under a given bending load, the fatigue of the shaft in the presence of the residual compressive stress is ____________
a) Decreased
b) Increases or decreased, depending on the external bending load
c) Neither decreased nor increased
d) Increases
Answer: d
Clarification: From the Gerber’s parabola that is the characteristic curve of the fatigue life of the shaft in the presence of the residual compressive stress. The fatigue life of the material is effectively increased by the introduction of compressive mean stress, whether applied or residual.

8. A steel bar of 40mm x 40mm square cross-section is subjected to an axial compressive load of 200kN. If the length of the bar is 2m and E=200GPa, the elongation of the bar well be ____________
a) 1.25mm
b) 2.70mm
c) 4.05mm
d) 5.40mm
Answer: a
Clarification: Elongation of the bar = Pl/AE = -200x103x 2000 / ( 1600 x 200 x 103) = -1.25
The minus sign here shows that the stress here is compressive.

250+ TOP MCQs on Mass Moment of Inertia and Answers

This set of Strength of Materials Multiple Choice Questions on “Mass Moment of Inertia”.

1. What is the product of the mass and the square of the distance of the center of gravity of the mass from an axis?
a) Moment of inertia
b) Mass moment of inertia
c) Center of gravity
d) Product of inertia
Answer: b
Clarification: The product of the mass and the square of the distance of the center of gravity of the mass from an axis is known as the mass moment of inertia about that axis.

2. What is the unit of mass moment of inertia?
a) m4
b) m6
c) N
d) m2
Answer: b
Clarification: The mass moment of inertia is the product of moment of inertia and area. So L4 x L2 = L6. so its unit will be m6.

3. What is mass moment of inertia of circular plate?
a) Md2/3
b) Md2/12
c) Mr2/4
d) Mr2/3
Answer: c
Clarification: The mass moment of inertia of circular plate is Mr2/4.

4. What is the mass MOI of a rectangular plate about x-axis passing through the C.G of the plate if the y-axis is parallel to d and perpendicular to b?
a) Mb2/12
b) Md2/12
c) Md2/6
d) Mb2/6
Answer: b
Clarification: As the mass MOI is to be find along the x-axis, it would be Md2/12.

5. What is the mass MOI of right circular cone of radius R and height H about its axis?
a) 4MR2/10
b) MR2/10
c) 3MR2/10
d) MR2/12
Answer: c
Clarification: The mass MOI of right circular cone of radius R and height H about its axis is 3MR2/10.

6. What is the mass MOI of a hollow circular cylinder if R is the outer diameter and r is the inner diameter?
a) M(R + r)/4
b) M(R – r )/4
c) M(R+ r)/2
d) M(R – r)/2
Answer: a
Clarification: The mass MOI of a hollow circular cylinder is M(R + r)/4 where R is the outer diameter and r is the inner diameter.

7. What is the mass MOI of a rectangular plate about y-axis passing through the C.G of the plate if the y-axis is parallel to d and perpendicular to b?
a) Mb2/12
b) Md2/12
c) Md2/6
d) Mb2/6
Answer: a
Clarification: As the mass MOI is to be find along the y-axis, it would be Mb2/12.

8. The product of inertia at the principal axes is _____________
a) Minimum
b) Unit
c) Zero
d) Maximum
Answer: c
Clarification: The moment of inertia about x-axis and about y-axis, on the axis they are zero. So the product of inertia will be zero in the principal axis.

9. What is the unit of product of inertia?
a) mm4
b) mm2
c) mm
d) mm3
Answer: a
Clarification: The unit of product of inertia is same as that of moment of inertia I.e. mm4.

10. What is the product of inertia of the given following section?
strength-materials-questions-answers-mass-moment-inertia-q10
a) 50mm4
b) 625mm4
c) 125mm4
d) 250mm4
Answer: b
Clarification: The product of inertia = area x points of C.G
= ( 10×5) x 5 x 2.5 = 625mm4.

11. What is the product of inertia of a circle of diameter 10mm?
a) 1862mm4
b) 1945mm4
c) 1963mm4
d) 2014mm4
Answer: c
Clarification: The product of inertia = area x C.G
= πx 10×10 / 4 x 5×5 = 1963mm2.

250+ TOP MCQs on Maximum Shear Stress – 2 and Answers

This set of Strength of Materials Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced people on “Maximum Shear Stress – 2”.

1. Calculate the maximum shear force for square beam of side is 320 mm. If the shear force is 94kN.
a) 1.37N/mm2
b) 2.36N/mm2
c) 5.21N/mm2
d) 4.32N/mm2
Answer: a
Clarification: Maximum shear force is 3/2 × F/a×a ( a = side of square)
= 3/2 × 94×103/320×320
= 1.3769 N/mm2.

2. A simply supported beam of span 8 metres carries a udl of 16 kN/m at a point out of 60 kN acting at it’s centre. Calculate the maximum shear force.
a) 87kN
b) 45kN
c) 78kN
d) 94kN
Answer: d
Clarification: Maximum shear force is w×l/2
= 60+16×8 / 2
= 94 kN.
strength-materials-interview-questions-answers-experienced-q2

3. The ratio of creep strain to elastic strain is known as ___________
a) Creep factor
b) Creep postulate
c) Creep coefficient
d) Creep variable
Answer: c
Clarification: Creep is defined as plastic deformation under a constant load or stress the creep Coefficient which is defined as the ratio of ultimate creep strain to the elastic strain at various ages of loadings.

4. Poisson’s ratio for high strength concrete is __________
a) 0.049
b) 0.095
c) 0.1
d) 0.1111
Answer: c
Clarification: Poisons ratio varies between 0.1 for high strength concrete and 0.2 for weak concrete. Usually it is taken as 0.15 for strength design and 0.2 for serviceability conditions.

5. Partial safety factor for concrete is taken as ____________
a) 1.3
b) 1.2
c) 1.5
d) 1.6
Answer: c
Clarification: A higher value of partial safety factor for concrete 1.5 has been adopted because there are greater chances of variation of the strength of concrete due to improper compaction, inadequate curing, improper batching and mixing.

6. The design compressive strength of concrete is ___________ times of characteristic compressive strength of concrete.
a) 0.313
b) 0.253
c) 0.466
d) 0.411
Answer: c
Clarification: The compressive strength of concrete in the structure is assumed to be 0.67 times the characteristic strength of concrete. The partial safety factor equal to 1.5 is applied to the strength of concrete in addition to it therefore the design compressive strength of concrete is 0.67 fck / 1.5 equal to 0.446 fck. [fck = characteristic compressive strength].

7. In cantilever beams, the steel bars are placed at ___________
a) Bottom of the beam
b) Top of the Beam
c) Midspan of the Beam
d) Near supports
Answer: b
Clarification: In cantilever beams, steel bars are placed near the top of the beam to resist the tensile stresses developed in top layers due to the negative bending moment that is hogging bending moment.

8. Calculate the level arm factor of a section of M20 grade and if Fe 415 Steel. [Take critical neutral axis factor as 0.289].
a) 0.78
b) 0.9
c) 0.58
d) 0.73
Answer: b
Clarification: Lever arm factor (j) = 1-k/3
Where k= 0.289
j = 1-0.289/3
= 0.904~0.9.

9. Working stress method is based on elastic theory assumptions.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Working stress method is based on elastic theory assuming reinforced concrete as elastic material. The stress strain curve of concrete is assumed as linear from zero at the neutral axis to a maximum value at the extreme fibre. In the working stress method, members are designed for working loads such that the stresses developed are within the allowable stress.

10. Modular ratio method is also known as ______
a) Ultimate stress method
b) Limit state method
c) Working stress method
d) Stress and strain method
Answer: c
Clarification: The stress in steel is linearly related to the stresses in adjoining concrete by constant factor called modular ratio (defined as the ratio of modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete) Working stress method is therefore also known as modular ratio method.

11. Find the moment of inertia about centroid axis of a triangular section are having base 100 mm and height 150 mm.
strength-materials-interview-questions-answers-experienced-q11
a) 9.21×106mm4
b) 9.45×106mm4
c) 9.37×106 mm4
d) 8.51×106 mm4
Answer: c
Clarification: b = 100mm
h = 150 mm
Moment of inertia about centroid Axis = bh3 / 36.
= 100 ×1503/ 36
= 9.37×106mm4.

12. The stress corresponding to ______ of strain in the stress-strain curve of mild steel is known as proof stress.
a) 0.2%
b) 0.32%
c) 0.5%
d) 0.6%
Answer: a
Clarification: The stress corresponding to 0.2% of strain in the stress-strain curve of mild steel is known as proof stress. This is also taken as yield stress. The maximum stress is generally taken as yield stress.

13. __________ is the device used for measuring normal stresses on the surface of a stressed object.
a) Nephelometer
b) Straining appurtenances
c) Resistance strain gauge
d) Volt-Hypsometer gauge
Answer: c
Clarification: An electrical resistance strain gauge is a device for measuring normal strains on the surface of a stressed object. The gauges are small (less than half inch) made of wires that are bonded on surface of the object. We can use the transformation equations for plane strain to calculate the strains in various directions.

14. The compressive strength of brittle materials is ______ its tensile strength.
a) Less than
b) Greater than
c) Equal to
d) Depends on material
Answer: b
Clarification: The compressive strength of brittle materials is always greater than its tensile strength. In the same way, the tensile strength of ductile materials is greater than its compressive strength.

15. The breaking stress is _______ the ultimate stress.
a) Less than
b) Greater than
c) Depends on time
d) Equal to
Answer: a
Clarification: The stress corresponding to the ultimate load is known as ultimate stress and the stress corresponding to breaking point is known as breaking stress. In the stress strain curve, the ultimate stress is above the breaking stress. Hence the ultimate stress is greater than breaking stress.

Strength of Materials for Interviews,

250+ TOP MCQs on Analyse Propped Cantilever and Answers

This set of Strength of Materials Multiple Choice Questions on “Analyse Propped Cantilever”.

1. In cantilever beams, the extra support is known as ____________
a) Hinch
b) Prop
c) Cripple
d) Indeterminate end
Answer: b
Clarification: In case of cantilever beam, some support other than existing ones may be provided to reduce the amount of bending moment developed. The additional support is known as prop.

2. Prop reduces ___________ in the beam.
a) Deflection
b) Slope
c) Shear
d) Moment
Answer: a
Clarification: The extra support provided in case of cantilever beam excluding the existing ones is known as prop. It is provided in order to avoid excessive deflection caused due to unequal loading.

3. Which of the following is indeterminate structure?
a) Singly rereinforced beam
b) Propped cantilever beam
c) Over hanging beam
d) Simply supported beam
Answer: b
Clarification: The statically indeterminate structures are not capable of being analysed by using equation of statics. We need some more extra conditions for finding unknowns like €i and €y etc. A propped cantilever beam is an example of indeterminate structures.

4. ____________ is used to produce due to temperature variation in indeterminate structures.
a) Stresses
b) Strains
c) Deflections
d) Moment
Answer: a
Clarification: Statically indeterminate structures need some extra conditions for the further simplification. Normally stresses are produced due to variation in indeterminate beams.

5. In cantilever beams, the maximum deflection occurs at ___________
a) Fixed end
b) Free end
c) Through out
d) Point of loading
Answer: b
Clarification: The maximum deflection in cantilever beam occurs at free end. To resist that excessive deflection, the beam has to be supported by an extra support known as prop.

6. As per IRC, maximum width of lane considered as ____________
a) 2.44 m
b) 2.35 m
c) 3.5 m
d) 3.4 m
Answer: a
Clarification: As per IRC, the maximum width be 2.44 m. For a single lane, the width considered is 3.8 m. The pavement having two or more lanes the weight of 3.5 metre per lane is considered sufficient.

7. ______ is the area of land acquired and reserved for future development.
a) Right of pier
b) Carriage way
c) Right of way
d) Camber
Answer: c
Clarification: It is desirable to acquire more land because of the cost of adjoining land in variable increases after laying the road. The right of way is area of land acquired and reserved for future development.

8. Stability of high rise vehicles will be affected due to ____________
a) Camber
b) Gradient
c) Super elevation
d) Formation Width
Answer: a
Clarification: The rise given to the centre portion of the proposed carriageway with reference to its peripheral edge is called camber. Road users use more in the central portion of road and get worn out. The stability of high rise vehicles will be affected due to heavy camber.

9. The longitudinal rise or fall off road surface along its length is _________
a) Camber
b) Super elevation
c) Gradient
d) Carriage way
Answer: c
Clarification: The gradient is defined as the longitudinal rise or fall off road surface love its length is expressed as ratio 1 vertical: n horizontal or as a percentage.

10. Which of the following gradient is usually used in the construction of roads?
a) Exceptional gradient
b) Limiting gradient
c) Hydraulic gradient
d) Ruling gradient
Answer: d
Clarification: Ruling gradient may be used as isolated over in flat country roads carrying a large volume of slow moving traffic. Gradient up to the ruling gradient for different terrains. It is to be adopted in normal course of design.

11. According to IRC, the height of the object is taken to the height of ___________ mm.
a) 200 mm
b) 100 mm
c) 450 mm
d) 600 mm
Answer: b
Clarification: Sight distance is an important requirement for the safety of travel on highways the height of the object is taken to be at a depth of 100 mm above road.

12. What is the minimum shoulder width provided for village roads?
a) 1.25 m
b) 1.4 m
c) 0.5 m
d) 1 m
Answer: c
Clarification: The minimum shoulder width provided for village roads is 0.5m.

Class of road Minimum shoulder width(Hilly terrain)
NH & SH ways 1.25 m
MD roads 0.5
Village roads 0.5

13. In case of vertical curves, the ____________ are taken above the road.
a) Gradient
b) Super elevation
c) Earth quantities
d) Summit
Answer: c
Clarification: The line of sight of a driver above the road is taken as 1.2m. The height of the object is taken to be height of 100 mm. Sight distance is an important resource requirement for the safety of travel. The designing layout plays a very vital role.

14. The time required for overtaking ___________ seconds.
a) 9 to 14
b) 8 to 10
c) 11 to 15
d) 14 to 19
Answer: a
Clarification: In the case of vertical curves, the sight distance is an important requirement for the safety of travel. It it is necessary that sight distance of adequate length should be available in different situations to permit driver enough time and distance to control their vehicles so that there are no unwarranted accidents.

15. _____ provide gradual introduction of super elevation.
a) Transition curves
b) Summit curves
c) Joint curves
d) Adjoining curves
Answer: a
Clarification: The transition curves are necessary for a vehicle to have smooth entry of straight section into circular curve. They provide aesthetic experience of the road. They provide a graduate introduction of super elevation.