Category: Surveying Objective Questions

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Curve Surveying – By Ordinates of the Long Chord”.

1. Find the value of mid-ordinate if the radius of the curve is given as 40.62 m and length as 10.2m.
a) 0.43
b) 0.22
c) 0.12
d) 0.33
Answer: d
Clarification: Mid-ordinate calculation involves the following procedure,
O₀ = R – (R² – (l/2)²)^1/2. On substitution, we get
O₀ = 40.62 – (40.62² – (10.2/2)²)^1/2
O₀ = 0.33.

2. For setting the curve, chord must be divided into even number of equal parts.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: While setting a curve, the chord must be divided into even number of equal parts in order to decrease the time of the entire process. After dividing, the offsets are calculated.

3. Which of the following indicates the formula for setting a long chord by using ordinate?
a) O_x = (R² + (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀)
b) O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀)
c) O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 + (R – O₀)
d) O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R + O₀)
Answer: b
Clarification: The formula for setting a long chord by using ordinate can be given as O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀). In this O₀ is given as mid ordinate, R indicates the radius of the curve, x indicates the distance of the point from mid region.

4. General method can be adopted when radius of the curve is large.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: When the radius of the curve is large, general method might take more time while solving than expected. In order to reduce the time of procedure we generally adopt an approximate method which is only considered in case of large radius than the length of the chord.

5. In approximate method, the value of x is measured from ____________
a) Chord point
b) Mid point
c) Tangent point
d) Secant point
Answer: c
Clarification: In general, the value of x is taken from the midpoint but in case of approximate method the x value is taken from the tangent point. It is so because of the larger radius.

6. Which of the following indicates the formula for determining ordinate in an approximate method?
a) O_x = x*(l-x) / 2+R
b) O_x = x*(l-x) / 2*R
c) O_x = x*(l + x) / 2*R
d) O_x = x+ (l-x) / 2*R
Answer: b
Clarification: When the radius of the curve is large, for decreasing the time period of the entire process this process is adopted. It involves calculation of ordinate by assuming perpendicular distance and the formula is given as O_x = x*(l-x) / 2*R.

7. Find the value of ordinate at a distance of 10m having radius of 22.92m with mid-ordinate12.12.
a) 3.289
b) 2.892
c) 8.293
d) 9.823
Answer: d
Clarification: The value of ordinate placed at certain distance x can be found out by using the formula,
O_x = (R² – (x)²)^1/2 – (R – O₀). On substitution, we get
O_x = (22.92²-(10)²)^1/2 – (22.92 – 12.12)
O_x = 9.823.

8. If the value of O₀ = 24.62 and R = 4m, find the value of l using the general method of long chords.
a) 1636.73m
b) 1363.73m
c) 1366.73m
d) 1363.37m
Answer: a
Clarification: The general method of the ordinate calculation involves,
O₀ = R – (R² – (l/2)²)^1/2. On substitution, we get
24.62 = 4 – (4² – (l/2)²)^1/2
l = 1636.73 m.

9. Which of the following indicates the formula for a general method by ordinate of long chords?
a) ( R + (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
b) ( R * (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
c) ( R – (R^2 + (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
d) ( R – (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2})
Answer: d
Clarification: The perpendicular which is erected while setting curve by ordinates of long chords, is equal to versed sine of the curve which makes it equal to ( R – (R^2 – (frac{l}{2})^2)^{1/2}).

10. What will be value of ordinate placed at a distance of 20m having radius and length as 72.46m and 42.92m respectively?(use approximate method)
a) 6.13
b) 1.36
c) 3.16
d) 4.86
Answer: c
Clarification: Since the radius of the curve is large, we may consider the approximate method i.e.,
O_x = x*(l-x) / 2*R. On substitution, we get
O_x = 20*(42.92-20) / 2*72.46
O_x = 3.16.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Survey Adjustments and Errors Theory – Laws of Weights”.

1. The laws of weight are established on the basis of____________
a) Observed equation
b) Normal equation
c) Least squares
d) Probability equation
Answer: c
Clarification: The laws of weight are established based on the method of least squares in which it describes the true value among the list of possible errors. It consists of the sum of squares with a minimum residual error.

2. In the laws of weight, weight is inversely proportional to length.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In the laws of weight, it is described that weight is inversely proportional to the length which makes length of various routes level.

3. Weight of the equation remains unchanged even when the signs in the equation are changed.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The laws of weight include certain cases off which the weight of the equation doesn’t change even though the sign of the equation changes. It indicates that the sig of the equation is independent of the weight applied.

4. Find the arithmetic mean if the angles and their weights were given as 20˚42ꞌ3ꞌꞌ, 20˚42ꞌ4ꞌꞌ, 20˚42ꞌ6ꞌꞌ and 2, 2, 2 respectively.
a) 20˚42ꞌ6.3ꞌꞌ
b) 20˚42ꞌ5.3ꞌꞌ
c) 20˚42ꞌ1.3ꞌꞌ
d) 20˚42ꞌ4.3ꞌꞌ
Answer: d
Clarification: The arithmetic mean can be calculated as,
Mean = 20˚42ꞌ + (1/3)*(3ꞌꞌ + 4ꞌꞌ + 6ꞌꞌ)
Mean = 20˚42ꞌ4.3ꞌꞌ.

5. Determine the weight of the weighted arithmetic mean if the angles and their weights are given as 40˚56ꞌ2ꞌꞌ, 40˚56ꞌ7ꞌꞌ, 40˚56ꞌ12ꞌꞌ and 5, 4, 9 respectively.
a) 13
b) 18
c) 81
d) 10
Answer: b
Clarification: The weight of the weighted arithmetic mean can be calculated by summation of the individual weights. So,
Weight of the arithmetic mean = 5+ 4+ 9 = 18.

6. Find the weight of the algebraic sum of the two quantities given as 21˚43ꞌ10ꞌꞌ, 54˚32ꞌ20ꞌꞌ, having weights 5, 7 respectively.
a) 13*35
b) 13/35
c) 35/13
d) 48
Answer: c
Clarification: From the given, it is clear that we can use sum of reciprocals of individual weights i.e.
Summation = 1/5 + 1/7 = 13 / 35.
Weight of α+ β = (76˚15ꞌ30ꞌꞌ) = 1/ (13/35) = 35 /13.

7. If the angle α = 54˚32ꞌ12ꞌꞌ, having weight 7, is multiplied by a factor 5 then find the resulting weight of that angle.
a) 7/25
b) 25/7
c) 175
d) 571
Answer: a
Clarification: The weight of the angle can be found out by dividing the square of that factor with the given weight.
5α = (272˚41ꞌ) = 7 / 5² = 7 / 25.

8. Find the weight of the equation α+ β = 23˚45ꞌ20ꞌꞌ if it is multiplied by its own weight. Weight of the equation is given as 2.
a) 2
b) 1/2
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: b
Clarification: If the equation is multiplied by its own weight then the resulting weight will be equal to reciprocal of the original weight.
2*(α+ β) = 47˚30ꞌ40ꞌꞌ, weight = ¹⁄₂.

9. Determine the weight of the quantity β = 21˚54ꞌ13ꞌꞌ if it is divides by a factor 3. Its original weight is 8.
a) 9/8
b) 8/9
c) 27
d) 72
Answer: d
Clarification: If a quantity is divided a factor then the weight can be obtained by multiplying with square of that factor to the original weight.
β/3 = 7˚18ꞌ4.3ꞌꞌ = 8*(3²) = 72.

10. What will be the value of weight if the equation α+ β = 32˚18ꞌ7ꞌꞌ having weight 5 is subtracted by 180˚?
a) 3
b) 5/3
c) 5
d) 2
Answer: c
Clarification: If the equation is subtracted from a constant, the weight of the equation remains unchanged. So,
180˚- 32˚18ꞌ7ꞌꞌ = 147˚41ꞌ53ꞌꞌ, weight of the equation = 5.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Photogrammetric Surveying – Scale of a Tilted Photograph”.

1. Which of the following photographs may have a varying scale?
a) Datum photograph
b) Horizontal photograph
c) Vertical photograph
d) Tilted photograph
Answer: d
Clarification: Varying scale indicates joining points of unequal elevation, which means the ground is not flat. Mainly, tilted photographs can be taken with or without reliefs. If it is taken with relief, scale cannot be uniform.

2. Among the following, which must be known for determining scale in a tilted photograph?
a) Focal length
b) Datum height
c) Azimuth
d) Zenith
Answer: a
Clarification: A scale in tilted photograph can be known by having certain parameters. They include swing, tilt, focal length, flying height. By using these, the varying scale of tilted photograph can be determined.

3. The geometric process involved in the determination of scale for titled photograph is____________
a) Spherical
b) Cylindrical
c) Analytical
d) Co-ordinate
Answer: c
Clarification: For determining the scale of tilted photograph, assumption of certain cases is must. While calculating those cases, it is required to adopt one of the geometrical methods available. In this process, generally, analytical method is adopted along with directions.

4. Which of the following indicates the formula of scale for a tilted photograph?
a) s_h = (f*sec t / mn*sin t) / (H-h)
b) s_h = (f*sec t * mn*sin t) / (H-h)
c) s_h = (f*sec t + mn*sin t) / (H-h)
d) s_h = (f*sec t – mn*sin t) / (H-h)
Answer: d
Clarification: The scale of tilted photograph can be given as s_h = (f*sec t – mn*sin t) / (H-h). Here, f is the focal length of the lens used, mn is the perpendicular erected, t is the angle measured, and H is the height of the station, h is the height of the mean sea level.

5. Which of the following is not recommended in case of determining the scale of a tilted photograph?
a) Axis
b) Focal length
c) Height of the point
d) Tilt
Answer: a
Clarification: The determination of the scale of a tilted photograph generally requires focal length, height of the point, tilt, height of flight etc. Each of these is required to be substituted in the formula of the scale of tilted photograph for obtaining the scale.

6. Length of the line considered in case of determining scale of tilted photograph can be determined by ____________
a) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2/(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
b) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2+(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
c) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2*(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
d) (L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2-(Y_a+Y_b)^2})
Answer: b
Clarification: The length of the line established by using co-ordinates can be determined by using the formula,
(L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2+(Y_a+Y_b)^2}). This is established by using the co-ordinates of the points taken while having their measurements.

7. Which of the following type of photograph can be used for the generation of maps?
a) Tilted photograph
b) Vertical photograph
c) Horizontal photograph
d) Datum photograph
Answer: b
Clarification: Generation of map requires a photograph with a uniform scale, which is quite simple in case of vertical photograph. So, it is most probably adopted. But, in the case of tilted photograph the scale is not uniform with consideration of relief. Because of this reason, a combination of vertical and tilted photographs is considered sometimes.

8. Determine the length of the line AB having co-ordinates (2, 4), (6, 7).
a) 3.16m
b) 31.6m
c) 13.6m
d) 13.9m
Answer: c
Clarification: The length of the line AB can be determined by using the formula,
(L = sqrt{(X_a+X_b)^2+(Y_a+Y_b)^2}). On substitution, we get
(L = sqrt{(2+6)^2+(4+7)^2 )})
L = 13.6m.

9. Flying height can be determined by using tilted photograph.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Tilted photograph is used in the determination of flying height which ios placed exactly above the horizon. For this image of the two points and their elevations must be known for accessing any further.

10. For identification of length of a line, co-ordinates must be known.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The establishment of co-ordinates must be needed in order to have a clear idea about the length of line needed. Co-ordinates are substituted in the length of the line determination formula for obtaining the length required.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Topographic Maps – Projection Systems”.

1. Which of the following can be used for representing a real world feature on two dimensional surfaces?
a) Plan
b) Drawing
c) Scale
d) Map
Answer: d
Clarification: A map can be used for the representation of real world feature on a two – dimensional surface. It can help in identification of location, locate route to a particular point. Generation of the map can be done in various ways, but the ultimate result is the same.

2. Which of the following sets represent the correct set of map classification?
a) Cadastral, thematic
b) Thematic, geographic
c) Cadastral, geographic
d) Geographic, topographic
Answer: a
Clarification: In general, map has been classified into three categories. They include cadastral maps, topographic sheets and thematic maps. Each one is having particular importance and can be used only when it meets the requirement.

3. Which type of map can explain a particular feature in detail?
a) Cadastral map
b) Topographic map
c) Thematic map
d) Geographic map
Answer: c
Clarification: A thematic map involves in the generation of a world class feature, which can be able to determine the parameters and features in the area of interest. This can be in Arc GIS software.

4. If the number on scale is less then it represents a large scale map.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Scale can be defined as the distance on map to the distance on the ground. There are different types of scales available which can be selected based on the type of output needed. In order to have more accuracy, we need to go less number on scale which indicates a large map with good details.

5. In which of the following ways, meridians are projected in cylindrical projection?
a) Mathematically
b) Geometrically
c) Horizontally
d) Vertically
Answer: b
Clarification: A cylindrical projection involves in the generation of map in a cylindrical shape. Latitudes are prepared on hollow cylinder. Meridians will be projected geometrically on the cylindrical surface whereas the latitudes are projected mathematically.

6. Which type of map projection is used in the preparation of atlas?
a) Cylindrical projection
b) UTM projection
c) Poly conic projection system
d) Lambert- Azimuthal equal area projection
Answer: d
Clarification: Atlas consists of a detailed description of maps and locations in and around the world. It needs at most accuracy and care in every step of its preparation. Generally, these types of works use Lambert – Azimuthal equal area projection system, which uses the spherical surface as its reference.

7. The entire earth surface is divided into zones in which type of map projection?
a) Poly conic projection system
b) Cylindrical projection
c) UTM projection
d) Lambert- Azimuthal equal area projection
Answer: c
Clarification: UTM projection is developed by US. It is capable of dividing the entire earth surface into zones with 6 dimensions, so that accurate location can be made by subdividing the classes.

8. Which of the following can also be termed as un projected co-ordinate system?
a) Lambert- Azimuthal equal area projection
b) Latitude – longitude geographic co-ordinate system
c) Poly conic projection system
d) Cylindrical projection
Answer: b
Clarification: Latitude – longitude geographic co-ordinate system can also be termed as un projected co-ordinate system because in this system rectangular co-ordinates were taken into consideration and represented in decimal degrees. It extends from 180 degrees eastern hemisphere to 180 degrees western hemisphere.

9. Determine the scale of the map if the distance on the map is given as 2cm which is equal to 1km on the ground.
a) 1: 50000
b) 1: 5000
c) 1: 100000
d) 1: 500
Answer: a
Clarification: The scale of a map can be determined by taking a ratio of the distance on the map to distance on the ground i.e., 2 / 100000 = 1: 50000.

10. Which of the following is not a method of representation of the scale of the map?
a) Ratio method
b) Verbal method
c) Geographical method
d) Non-verbal method
Answer: d
Clarification: In general, the scale of a map can be represented by three methods those include ratio method, verbal method and geographical method. Any of these can be used but in case of professional output geographical scale is generally preferred.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Project Survey – Sanitary Scheme”.

1. Which of the following can act as sanitation technology?
a) Environmental sanitation
b) Wet sanitation
c) Weir sanitation
d) Notch sanitation
Answer: a
Clarification: A wide range of sanitation technologies are available like container based sanitation, community-led total sanitation, environmental sanitation etc. Each of these is a different approach and is proven best.

2. Which of the following is not a sanitation system?
a) Storm water drainage system
b) Solid waste management system
c) Excreta management system
d) Night soil sanitation system
Answer: d
Clarification: Sanitation process includes certain system, which are to be monitored for having a clean environment. Those include excreta management system, waste water management system, solid waste management system and storm water drainage system.

3. Disease transmission cycle can be stopped by_______
a) Wet sanitation
b) Water usage
c) Sanitation system
d) Night soil
Answer: c
Clarification: Improper sanitation can lead to the development of disease transmission. This can be avoided by adopting certain sanitation systems, which are used based on the type of conditions present in and around the area.

4. Which of the following can act as the main transmission element of fecal-oral diseases?
a) Fungi
b) Fingers
c) Fire
d) Air
Answer: b
Clarification: The transmission of fecal-oral diseases occurs due to the improper maintenance of the sanitation system as well as our surroundings. The objects like fingers, flies, fluids and food can act as a transmitter of diseases.

5. Which of the following places involve the usage of sanitation technology?
a) Public places
b) Houses
c) Open environment
d) Water treatment area
Answer: d
Clarification: The usage of sanitation technology must be done everywhere. But in case of water treatment areas, this must be adopted for sure as it can be contagious. Installing a sanitation technology can serve as a resistant to disease transmission cycle.

6. Which of the following is involved in a sanitary chain?
a) Ecological sanitation
b) Dry sanitation
c) Waste water collection method
d) Container-based sanitation
Answer: c
Clarification: Sanitary chain involves everything related to sanitary conditions like user, excreta and the waste water collection methods. Sanitary chain is developed based on the type of conditions present in and around the installed sanitary technology.

7. The transportation of excreta in sealed container is done in__________
a) Container-based sanitation
b) Dry sanitation
c) Environmental sanitation
d) Ecological sanitation
Answer: b
Clarification: Container-based sanitation involves in the collection of human excreta in a container than can be sealed after filling and can be transported to the treatment unit, for further purposes.

8. Which of the following ended the open defecation practice?
a) Community-led total sanitation
b) Dry sanitation
c) Environmental sanitation
d) Ecological sanitation
Answer: a
Clarification: The development of community-led total sanitation practice brought a behavioral change in many rural and urban areas by highlighting the importance of sanitation and the defects of improper sanitation.

9. Which of the following is not a type of sanitation practice?
a) Ecological sanitation
b) Community-led total sanitation
c) Dry sanitation
d) Environmental sanitation
Answer: d
Clarification: Different type of sanitation practices were adopted in India, those include dry sanitation, community-led total sanitation, ecological sanitation, emergency sanitation. The main purpose of all these is proven to be same i.e., being healthy by having proper sanitation methods.

10. Which of the following is used as a transporter of waste to the treatment plant?
a) Fertilizers
b) Bleach
c) Water
d) Soil
Answer: c
Clarification: In order to reach the treatment plant, waste materials are to be mixed with any other agent. In general, water is considered as that agent because of the fact that it is easily available.

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Introduction – Methods of Linear Measurement”.

1. Which of the following is not among the methods of linear measurements?
a) Direct measurements
b) Measurements by optical means
c) Indirect measurements
d) Electromagnetic methods or EDM
Answer: c
Clarification: Linear measurements are mainly divided into three heads. They are direct measurements, measurements by optical means, EDM.

2. Which of the following is not a method of measuring the distances directly?
a) Pacing
b) Measurement with passometer
c) Measurement with pedometer
d) Measurement with theodolite
Answer: d
Clarification: Measurements with theodolite is optical means. Measurement with passometer, measurement with pedometer, pacing are based on the method of measuring the distances directly.

3. In which method measurements of distances are chiefly confined to the preliminary surveys and explorations where a surveyor is called upon to make a rough survey as quickly as possible?
a) Chaining
b) Pacing
c) Measurements with passometer
d) Measurements with theodolite
Answer: b
Clarification: Pacing also used to roughly check the distances measured by other means. Chaining is an accurate way of measurement under direct measurement.

4. Which of the following measurements varies with an individual before computing the length of line?
a) Chaining
b) Pacing
c) Levelling
d) Contouring
Answer: b
Clarification: Length of a line is computed by knowing the average length of pace. Pacing is a rough surveying. Chaining gives almost accurate readings. Taping gives accurate readings.

5. Which method consists in counting the number of paces between the two points of a line?
a) Chaining
b) Pacing
c) Levelling
d) Contouring
Answer: b
Clarification: By definition of pacing chaining is measuring using different chains. Levelling is a method used to estimate elevation of ground which is 2 dimensional. Contouring gives three dimensional view of the site.

6. Pacing is difficult in _______
a) Smooth surfaces
b) Plain areas
c) Rough ground
d) Plateaus
Answer: c
Clarification: Pacing is difficult in uneven grounds due to different slopes. That is because it becomes different as well as difficult to measure length of irregular ground accurately.

7. Instrument shaped like a watch and is carried in pocket or attached to one leg is _______
a) Pedometer
b) Odometer
c) Passometer
d) Speedometer
Answer: c
Clarification: Passometer is an instrument shaped like a watch and is carried in pocket or attached to one leg. Pedometer advantage on the passometer is that it registers total distance covered unlike a number of paces in passometer.

8. Which instrument mechanism is operated by motion of the body and it automatically registers the number of paces, thus avoiding the monotony and strain of counting the paces, by the surveyor?
a) Passometer
b) Pedometer
c) Odometer
d) Chaining
Answer: a
Clarification: Pedometer is a device similar to the passometer except that, adjusted to the length of the pace of the person carrying it. Passometer avoids the monotony and strain of counting the paces.

9. Which instrument registers total distance covered by any number of pace?
a) Passometer
b) Pedometer
c) Odometer
d) Chaining
Answer: b
Clarification: Pedometer advantage on passometer is that it registers total distance covered unlike number of paces in passometer.

10. Instrument for registering the number of revolutions of a wheel is _____
a) Odometer
b) Pedometer
c) Pedometer
d) Chaining
Answer: a
Clarification: Number of revolutions registered by Odometer can then be multiplied by the circumference of the wheel to get the distance. Pedometer advantage on passometer is it registers total distance covered unlike number of paces in passometer.

11. Most accurate method of direct measuring is with ________
a) Passometer
b) Pedometer
c) Theodolite
d) Chaining
Answer: d
Clarification: Theodolite measurement is not under direct measurements. Measurement with passometer, measurement with pedometer, pacing is based on the method of measuring the distances directly.

12. Which of the following is not under direct measurement?
a) Pacing
b) Chaining
c) Taping
d) Triangulation
Answer: d
Clarification: Triangulation is by optical means. Pacing is rough surveying. Chaining gives almost accurate readings. Taping gives accurate readings.

13. What is required to transfer points to the ground, while chaining along the sloping ground?
a) Spirit level
b) Plumb bob
c) Butt rod
d) Pegs
Answer: b
Clarification: It also transfers points from line ranger to the ground. Spirit level is the instrument used to level the plane table by adjusting the spirit bubble in it to center.

14. What is used for measuring offsets, but it is often used by building surveyors or architects?
a) Plum bob
b) Butt rod
c) Pegs
d) Laths
Answer: b
Clarification: It generally consists of two laths, each of 1 yard or 1 m in length loosely tiered together. Plumb bob is suspended at the center of the plane table to transfer the points on the plan to ground.

15. What is used in centering aid in theodolites, compass, plane table and variety of other surveying instruments?
a) Butt rod
b) Whites
c) Laths
d) Plumb bob
Answer: d
Clarification: Plumb bob transfers points to the ground so it is used for centering. Butt are used for measuring offsets.