300+ REAL TIME Surveying Objective Questions & Answers 2023

250+ TOP MCQs on Plane Table – Errors and Precaution and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Plane Table – Errors and Precaution”.

1. Which of the following acts as an advantage of plane table surveying?
a) Accuracy in output
b) Inconvenient in wet climate
c) Heavy instruments
d) Used in magnetic areas

Answer: d
Clarification: Plane table finds its usage in the case of magnetic areas. When remaining methods are considered, it may involve the usage of compass, which doesn’t work in magnetic areas. This is its major advantage over the remaining methods.

2. Plane table surveying requires great skill.
a) False
b) True

Answer: a
Clarification: Plane table surveying involves very basic level principles, which doesn’t need any in depth knowledge. It can be done in one setting if basics are strong enough.

3. Which of the following operation can be done clearly in case of plane table surveying?
a) Area computation
b) Sighting
c) Contouring
d) Traversing

Answer: c
Clarification: Plane table surveying involves in determining traverse of the area by which the area of the land can be determined. Contouring can also be done with the help of plane tabling, which provides a clear and step by step procedure.

4. It is difficult for reproducing the traverse in different scale.
a) False
b) True

Answer: b
Clarification: Since the measurements which are obtained while doing the work aren’t recorded, it is a very difficult state to reproduce the same map if required in different scale.

5. Which of the following can be a disadvantage to plane table surveying?
a) Heavy instruments
b) Convenient in wet climate
c) No Accuracy in output
d) Not used in magnetic areas

Answer: a
Clarification: Plane table involves in the usage of more amount of instruments, which makes it uncomfortable while working in wet climatic conditions like rainy season.

6. Possibility of error in plane table surveying is ____________
a) Negligible
b) Zero
c) More
d) Less

Answer: d
Clarification: Error occurrence is a bit controllable in case of plane table surveying. But the usage of compass increases the errors in the output obtained.

7. Let the instrument station be V and there is a displacement of 50 cm in its placement in the direction of ray. What is the true position if the scale is 1cm = 700 meters?
a) 0.017 cm
b) 0.107 cm
c) 0.071 cm
d) 0.170 cm

Answer: c
Clarification: The true position due to displacement can be considered as
a*aꞌ = e*s meters. The value of s can be given as s = 1/700 and e = 50 cm. On substitution, we get
a*aꞌ = 50/700 = 0.071 cm.

8. Which of the following is an error occurred due to sighting?
a) Instrumental errors
b) Defective orientation
c) Personal errors
d) Natural errors

Answer: b
Clarification: Sighting is a process that involves in the determination of the station points. Error in sighting occurs due to manipulation, it involves non-horizontality of board, defective orientation, defective sighting, centering.

9. Which of the following makes plane table not suitable in many cases?
a) More errors produced
b) Less errors produced
c) Zero errors
d) Negligible errors

Answer: a
Clarification: Plane table surveying, though having more methods involved, is not considered as the preferable method because it may produce more amounts of errors when compared to other methods. But it is adopted when the speed of the method is considered.

10. Which of the following is more in case of plane table surveying?
a) Mistakes
b) Corrections
c) Advantages
d) Disadvantages

Answer: c
Clarification: Plane table surveying involves more advantages like recording and plotting at a time, clear contouring, cheaper than theodolite etc. even though more advantages were there but it is generally not considered because it involves more instruments which makes it quite uncomfortable.

250+ TOP MCQs on EDM – Total Station and Answers Quiz

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “EDM – Total Station”.

1. In total station, data is stored in ___________
a) Pen drive
b) Data card
c) Micro processor
d) External hardware

Answer: c
Clarification: Micro processor provided in the instrument helps in saving the data and helps in transferring it to the system, by which it can be viewed in different software.

2. Compensator can make complete adjustments in total station.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: The use of compensator can be found in case of finding vertical angles, where the instrument has to be perfectly levelled. But the compensator isn’t sufficient to provide perfect levelling. Manual operation is also involved in obtaining perfect level.

3. Vertical angle is measured in the total station as Zenith angle.
a) False
b) True

Answer: b
Clarification: The vertical angle is usually measured as a zenith angle which indicates 0° vertically up, 90° at horizontal, and 180° vertically down. The zenith angle is generally easier to work.

4. Which of the following indicates the formula for converting slope distance to horizontal distance?
a) S = H (sin z)
b) H = S* S (sin z)
c) H*H = S (sin z)
d) H = S (sin z)

Answer: d
Clarification: The slope distance obtained can be used for calculating horizontal distance from the formula, H = S (sin z) where, H= horizontal distance, S = slope distance.

5. When total station is sighted to the target, which of the operation acts first?
a) Rotation of optical axis
b) Rotation of vertical axis
c) Rotation of horizontal axis
d) Rotation of line of collimation

Answer: a
Clarification: At the time of sighting the instrument towards the target, first step involves the rotation of the instrument’s optical axis from the instrument north in horizontal plane.

6. Which of the following indicates the correct set of the combination of total station?
a) Theodolite, compass
b) Theodolite, EDM
c) Electronic theodolite, EDM
d) EDM, GPS

Answer: c
Clarification: A total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and an Electronic Distance Measurement. This combination makes it possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector by aligning the instruments cross-hairs on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical, horizontal angles and slope distances.

7. Which among the following doesn’t indicate the basic calculation of the total station?
a) Horizontal distance
b) Slope distance
c) Vertical distance
d) Co-ordinate calculations

Answer: b
Clarification: The basic calculations of total stations include horizontal distance, vertical distance, co-ordinate distance in which, slope distance is used in horizontal distance calculations. It is obtained directly from the total station equipment.

8. The formula for difference in elevation can be given as__________
a) D = V + (I-R)
b) D = V + (I+R)
c) D = V – (I-R)
d) D = V * (I-R)

Answer: a
Clarification: The difference in elevation can be given as D = V + (I-R) where, V= vertical difference between two points, I =instrument height, R = height of centre of reflector.

9. In which direction it is best to place the total station for obtaining the best output?
a) East
b) West
c) South
d) North

Answer: d
Clarification: The best procedure while using a Total Station is to set a convenient “north” and carry this through the survey by using back sight process when the instrument is moved.

10. The data obtained from total station can be used in which among the following software directly?
a) Primavera
b) STAAD PRO
c) Autodesk Revit
d) Surfer

Answer: d
Clarification: The data obtained from the total station can be indirectly used in STAAD Pro, Autodesk Revit, Primavera but it can be directly used in software’s like Arc GIS, Surfer, Auto CAD etc., as they are linked with it.

11. Calculation the elevation difference if the vertical distance is 14.89m, instrument height is 9.2m, ground is at 2.8m.
a) 21.29 m
b) 12.29 m
c) 21.92 m
d) 41.29 m

Answer: a
Clarification: The elevation difference in total station can be calculated as
dz = V_d + (I_h-R_h). On substitution, we get
dz = 14.89 + (9.2-2.8)
dz = 21.29 m.

12. Find the vertical distance if the value of slope distance can be given as 12.98 and the angle is 1˚23ꞌ.
a) 21.97m
b) 12.97m
c) 12.79m
d) 21.79m

Answer: b
Clarification: The vertical distance can be calculated by using the formula,
V_d = S_d*cosZ_a = 12.98*cos (1˚23ꞌ) V_d = 12.97m.

13. Find the elevation of ground beneath the reflector, if the known elevation of instrument is 12.76m, slope distance = 3.76m, angle is about 3˚43ꞌ, instrument height = 2.93m, ground is at 0.987 m.
a) 18.54m
b) 81.54m
c) 18.45m
d) 18.97m

Answer: c
Clarification: The elevation of ground beneath the reflector can be given as
R_z = I_z + S_d * cosZ_a + I_h – R_h. On substitution, we get
R_z = 12.76 + (3.76*cos (3˚43ꞌ)) + 2.93 – 0.987
R_z = 18.45 m.

250+ TOP MCQs on Triangulation – Satellite Station: Reduction to Centre and Answers

Advanced Surveying Questions and Answers on “Triangulation – Satellite Station: Reduction to Centre “.

1. Which of the following can describe the main purpose of the satellite station?
a) Act as false station
b) Act as true station
c) Measuring length
d) Measuring diameter
Answer: a
Clarification: The main purpose of the satellite station is to act as an eccentric station or a false station. For securing well conditioned triangle some of the objects like flag poles, towers, were chosen as satellite station.

2. The recordings taken from eccentric station are more precise.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Satellite station involves in adopting the place where instrument can’t be placed. So, this might have an opportunity to create error in the recordings taken which can be further removed by applying corrections. The recordings taken are near to precise value.

3. Which of the following indicates the formula of phase correction?
a) β = 206265 + d * sin (γ) / a
b) β = 206265 * d – sin (γ) / a
c) β = 20265 * d * sin (γ) / a
d) β = 206265 * d * sin (γ) / a
Answer: d
Clarification: The phase correction is actually used for determining the eccentricity of the signal. The observations of this signal can be made by placing the station out of the center, which is essential to correct the angles, which is similar to the corrections of satellite station.

4. Which of the following method can be adopted if there is any object in the point of instrument station?
a) Centric station
b) True station
c) Satellite station
d) Controlled station
Answer: c
Clarification: The main objective of using satellite station is to place the instrument in the surrounding places of the point where object has been pre constructed. This involves in enhancing technical knowledge and also in improving false stations.

5. Find the true angle from the given figure.

a) α = θ + β₁ – β₂
b) α = θ + β₁ + β₂
c) α = θ – β₁ – β₂
d) α = θ * β₁ – β₂
Answer: a
Clarification: The true angle can be calculated by determining the positions of the station points and the remaining points. From the figure, at position S1, the true angle is given as
α = θ + β₁ – β₂.

6. Determine the true angle, if the station is placed at the second point having angles θ, α and β as 20˚45ꞌ, 2˚31ꞌ and 7˚12ꞌ.
a) 52˚26ꞌ
b) 25˚62ꞌ
c) 25˚26ꞌ
d) 26˚25ꞌ
Answer: c
Clarification: The value of the true angle at the second station point can be determined by
Angle = θ – α + β. On substitution, we get
Angle = 20˚45ꞌ – 2˚31ꞌ + 7˚12ꞌ
True angle = 25˚26ꞌ.

7. Determine the eccentric station point if the station is 1.65m to the west and the distance between remaining two station points is given as 300m, with an angle of 10˚12ꞌ.
a) 200˚35ꞌ
b) 2˚53ꞌ
c) 202˚53ꞌ
d) 200˚53ꞌ
Answer: d
Clarification: The value of eccentric station can be found out by using,
β = 206265*d*sin (γ) / a. On substitution, we get
β = 206265*1.65*sin (10˚12ꞌ) / 300
β = 200˚53ꞌ.

8. Determine the corrected direction of the eccentric station if the value of D is given as 200m with a reflection of 9˚15ꞌ having a distance of 1.2m from the main station.
a) 198˚45ꞌ
b) 198˚56ꞌ
c) 189˚56ꞌ
d) 918˚56ꞌ
Answer: b
Clarification: The corrected direction of the eccentric station can be determined by
β = d*sin θ*206265 / D. On substitution, we get
β = 1.2*sin 9˚15ꞌ*206265 / 200
β = 198˚56ꞌ.

9. Calculate the corrected angle if the values of θ, β₁ and β₂ are given as 50˚46ꞌ, 12˚24ꞌ and 13˚36ꞌ.
a) 94˚34ꞌ
b) 49˚43ꞌ
c) 4˚34ꞌ
d) 49˚34ꞌ
Answer: d
Clarification: The corrected angle can be determined by using the formula,
Corrected angle = θ + β₁ – β₂. On substitution, we get
Corrected angle = 50˚46ꞌ + 12˚24ꞌ – 13˚36ꞌ
Corrected angle = 49˚34ꞌ.

10. Satellite station is also known as__________
a) Centric station
b) True station
c) Eccentric station
d) Instrument station
Answer: c
Clarification: A satellite station can also be known as an eccentric station. It involves the following process when a structure is taken as an instrument station, it is not possible to set the instrument over that structure and a false station point is assumed that can be referred as satellite station.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Aerial Photogrammetry and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Aerial Photogrammetry”.

1. The lens used in aerial photogrammetry is having a maximum coverage capacity of _________ (in angles)
a) 93⁰
b) 63⁰
c) 53⁰
d) 98⁰
Answer: a
Clarification: In general, the lens used in aerial photogrammetry having a minimum coverage area of 63⁰ and a maximum coverage area of 93⁰. The usage of the coverage angle depends upon the type f land being surveyed and the accuracy needed in output.

2. Which of the following is not a type of shutter used in aerial photogrammetry?
a) Between-the-lens shutter
b) Louvre shutter
c) Ideal shutter
d) Focal plane shutter
Answer: c
Clarification: Shutter plays a prominent role in the process of aerial photogrammetry. The speed of shutter must be in such a way that it should function at a speed of 1/100 to 1/1000 second. It is classified as between the lens type, focal plane type, Louvre type.

3. For placing focal plane, which is used as a reference?
a) Focal length
b) Horizon
c) Azimuth
d) Collimation marks
Answer: d
Clarification: Collimation marks can be used as a reference while placing the focal plane. It may place the focal plane at a near distance from nodal plane from which the best possible image can be obtained.

4. Focal plane varies while aerial photogrammetry is carried out.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In the process of aerial photogrammetry, the air-craft is placed at a considerable height so that it can cover a huge area while taking photographs. But the focal plane of the aerial camera is fixed at one location, rather than varying.

5. Which among the following surveying methods is meant to be having high precision?
a) Aerial photogrammetry
b) Terrestrial photogrammetry
c) Theodolite surveying
d) Traverse surveying
Answer: a
Clarification: Though terrestrial photogrammetry is having accuracy in the obtained values, aerial photogrammetry is capable of producing precise output when compared to the remaining methods. This accuracy makes it different from the remaining methods and is recommended when high quality works are conducted.

6. Vertical photograph coincides with the__________
a) Direction of line of sight
b) Direction of lens
c) Direction of aperture
d) Direction of gravity
Answer: d
Clarification: The aerial photograph consists of a vertical photograph which is made of the camera axis which is made to coincide with the direction of gravity. Optical axis must be first made straight in order to continue further.

7. How much inclination must be provided in a tilted photograph?
a) 13˚
b) 20˚
c) 3˚
d) 34˚
Answer: c
Clarification: In general, a tilted photograph consists of inclination up to 3˚, which makes it to have an individual tilted scale. It might help in determining the objects which are inclined in the photograph.

8. If the apparent horizon is shown in a photograph, it is low oblique.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Oblique photograph is used in case of aerial photography, with an intention that the camera axis lies in between horizontal and vertical. High oblique is obtained in case of possessing apparent horizon otherwise it isn’t shown.

9. Perspective projection is produced from__________
a) Straight lines radiating a common point
b) Straight lines radiating different points
c) Parallel lines radiating a common point
d) Perpendicular lines radiating a common point
Answer: a
Clarification: The introduction of perspective projection is done by the straight lines radiating a common point and passing through point on the spherical surface. Aerial photogrammetry uses this phenomenon.

10. Flying height refers to_________
a) Upper portion of the exposure station
b) Bottom of the exposure station
c) Depression of the exposure station
d) Elevation of the exposure station
Answer: d
Clarification: Flying height indicates the elevation of the exposure station above the sea level. Any datum selected can act as a reference so that the flying height can be considered from them.

250+ TOP MCQs on GIS – Components and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “GIS – Components”.

1. GIS uses the information from which of the following sources?
a) Non- spatial information system
b) Spatial information system
c) Global information system
d) Position information system
Answer: b
Clarification: Among the various information sources available, GIS chose spatial information system as its source for obtaining the required information for developmental process. This spatial information system serves as a base for different type of works done by the use of GIS.

2. Among the following ____________ can be expressed as an example of hardware component.
a) Keyboard
b) Arc GIS
c) Auto CAD
d) Digitalization
Answer: a
Clarification: GIS comprises certain key components such as hardware, software, data and user. Hardware consists of the components used in the computer which include a keyboard, monitor, CD-ROM etc.

3. Which of the following formats can be used for GIS output?
a) DXF
b) PDF
c) GIF
d) HTML
Answer: c
Clarification: GIS output can be handled with a wide range of formats available. Among them, the most commonly used are GIF, JPEG, TIFF etc., usage of the format depends upon the software used in computer and also its bit performing capacity.

4. In the process of GIS, digitalization is done for better output.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Digitalization involves the conversion of the data from raster to vector so that the hardware data can be obtained in software. It can be done either by manual interpretation or by digital scanning.

5. Which among the following is not related to GIS software’s?
a) CAD
b) Arc GIS
c) Arc View
d) STAAD Pro
Answer: d
Clarification: GIS involves a different procedure which consists of several steps. So it requires a high end processing system and a software, which must adapt to its capability. Among them, STAAD Pro is not used in case of GIS. It is permitted to only structures and its analysis.

6. Among the following, which do not come under the components of GIS?
a) Hardware
b) Software
c) Compiler
d) Data
Answer: c
Clarification: GIS consists of certain components which denote the entire process of the system. It comprises hardware, software, user and data. These are having certain features which are accomplished at their stage.

7. Data can be shared in the process of GIS.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The entire functioning of GIS involves developing a map or detailed analysis of the area taken for development. In this, data can be analyzed but can’t be shared. This is one of the major drawbacks in GIS procedure.

8. Which of the following doesn’t determine the capability of GIS?
a) Defining a map
b) Representing cartographic feature
c) Retrieving data
d) Transferring data
Answer: d
Clarification: Capability of GIS determines its ability to accomplish the work assigned. It can define a map with database, can represent cartographic feature, can store and retrieve data and many more. By doing these, it can act as a source for development of errors.

9. Which of the following acts a benefit of GIS?
a) Maintaining geo spatial data
b) Data sharing
c) Accurate data information
d) Presence of data retrieval service
Answer: a
Clarification: There are a lot of advantages regarding the usage of GIS. They include maintaining geo spatial data, value added products, productivity and efficiency of data, can save time and money etc.

10. Which among the following is a server based hardware platform of GIS?
a) Autodesk Revit
b) STAAD Pro
c) Arc GIS
d) Google-maps
Answer: d
Clarification: GIS is a place based information derivative platform, which can have a spatial feature not related to location. There are certain platforms which can have the ability to access the GIS interface. Here, Google Maps is a server based platform and remaining are offline applications.

250+ TOP MCQs on Road Project Survey and Answers

Surveying Multiple Choice Questions on “Road Project Survey”.

1. Which of the following must be considered while conducting a road survey?
a) Density
b) Alignment of the curves
c) Specific gravity
d) Atmospheric conidtion
Answer: b
Clarification: Road survey is conducted for having a better output with the right alignment of the curves. The placement of the curve must be noticed while determining the alignment. Consideration of slopes is an important task while handling road survey.

2. Skid resistance is calculated while conducting road survey.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The determination of skid resistance is must be done while conducting a road survey because this determines the efficiency of the road. The application of skid resistance can be calculated by the amount of super elevation provided.

3. Which of the following indicates the objective of road survey?
a) Specific gravity
b) Density
c) Pavement design
d) Detailed layout of road way
Answer: d
Clarification: The main objective of road survey is to have detailed layout of road way, observation of potholes, speed breakers and determination of loss of effective width at different locations.

4. Density of the road is not taken into consideration.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The determination of density of road plays a major role in the lifespan of the road. If the density is more the average life span of the road will increase and vice-versa. The decrease in density is due to the formation of pot holes.

5. Which of the following will come under the manual method of road survey?
a) GIS
b) Walking and windshield survey
c) Walking survey
d) Windshield survey
Answer: c
Clarification: Road survey can be done either in manual method or by an automatic method. The manual methodology includes walking survey, windshield survey and the combination of both.

6. Which of the following software’s can be useful while conducting road survey?
a) GIS
b) RS
c) STAAD Pro
d) Revit
Answer: a
Clarification: Among the following, GIS can be used in the process of Road survey. It is having the properties of the classification methods which can be accessed to have a better result.

7. Which of the following road survey method is a time consuming method?
a) Walking and windshield survey
b) Walking survey
c) Windshield survey
d) GIS
Answer: b
Clarification: Among all the methods available, the walking survey is a tedious procedure and involves walking on the pavement for taking observations. Even though it is a lengthy procedure, it is proven as the best method for an accurate result.

8. Which of the following procedure involves both technological and human interpretation?
a) GIS
b) Windshield survey
c) Walking survey
d) Walking and windshield survey
Answer: d
Clarification: Manual method is sometimes elected as the best method based on the conditions and the output obtained. In the manual methods available, a combination of walking and windshield survey involves usage of both technological and human activities.

9. Among the interpretation methods available, which is opted as the best?
a) STAAD Pro
b) RS
c) GIS
d) Walking survey
Answer: c
Clarification: Road survey can be done either manually or by machine. Both are capable of giving the best results. But in terms of time, the automatic methods are chosen. Among them, GIS method is the best as the interpretation is easy and accurate.

10. Which of the following is included in the road project survey report?
a) Location
b) Terrain
c) Slope
d) Gradient
Answer: a
Clarification: After completion of the road survey, a report has to be submitted to clarify certain things regarding the selection of alignment. It includes observation details, justification, location, time and date, duration etc.