[Chemistry Class Notes] on Hydrogen Gas Formula Pdf for Exam

One of the simplest formulas used in chemistry is the hydrogen gas formula. The first element mentioned in the periodic table is hydrogen. The properties that describe hydrogen gas are odourless, colourless, tasteless, non-metallic and highly combustible gas. It is the most abundant element found in the universe, especially in giant gas planets and stars. Being one of the smallest chemical elements, it comprises only one proton in the nucleus. It was during the 16th century, hydrogen gas for the first time was manufactured using metals and acids. 

Properties of Hydrogen Gas

Chemical properties

• Its formula is H₂. 

• It has 3 known isotopes. 

• The force of attraction amongst its molecules is incredibly weak, as a result of which, the melting and boiling points of this element are very low. Its melting point is -259.20C and its boiling point is -252.90C. 

• Its density is 0.0893 g/L.

• Its molecular weight is 2.016 g/mol. 

Other properties 

• It tends to diffuse faster than any other gas because the velocity of the molecules of hydrogen gas is higher than that of any other gas at a given temperature. 

• Hydrogen is visible in transparent, infrared, and ultraviolet light (but only to wavelengths below 1800 Å). 

• Its molecule is considered to be the simplest of all. It consists of two protons and electrons which are held together by electrostatic forces. 

Uses of Hydrogen Gas 

There are a number of different uses pertaining to hydrogen gas. They are as follows:

• One of the major uses of hydrogen gas for energy is rocket fuel. In fact, liquid hydrogen had been started to be used as rocket fuel from the 1950s by NASA and it was them who had first made use of hydrogen fuel cells for powering the electrical systems on their spacecraft. 

• When it comes to the process of breaking crude oil into gasoline, fuel oils, etc., hydrogen plays an important role in it. 

• Equal volumes of hydrogen gas, as well as helium, are filled into weather observation balloons. 

• Hydrogen is also popular as a transportation fuel. It is used in fuel cell electric vehicles and is considered to be highly efficient. It is also used in combustion engines. 

• When hydrogen atoms are combined with oxygen atoms, hydrogen fuel cells help to produce electricity. 

• The process of hydrogenation wherein vegetable oils that are edible are transformed into vanaspati oils, also makes use of hydrogen. 

The Process of Production of Hydrogen 

Hydrogen can be prepared in various ways, and we have listed two crucial methods below. 

By passing an electric current through the water there is a split in hydrogen and oxygen molecules. This is known as electrolysis.

When natural gas is reacted with steam at a very high temperature the resultant mixture is hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. 

Chemical Formulas Using Hydrogen 

Here’s a list of important chemical formulas that include hydrogen to form a compound. 

• Hydrogen sulphate formula- HO₄S^–

• Hydrogen sulphide formula- H₂S

• Hydrogen iodide formula- HI

• Hydrogen bromide formula- HBr

• Hydrogen cyanide formula- HCN

Reactivity 

When the energy that is greater than the dissociation energy or equal to it is supplied, then one molecule of hydrogen will dissociate into two atoms. 

[ H_{2} rightarrow {2H} ]

Atomic hydrogen is known to be very reactive. It combines with most of the elements and forms hydrides along with reducing metallic oxides. And this reaction ends up producing the particular metal in its elemental state. 

At room temperature, the reaction rates of molecular hydrogen are very low, almost negligible. But it can still react with various compounds and elements because when the temperature is increased, its reaction rates also increase. 

Conclusion

Hydrogen has been recognized as a vital element that is used in the clean-burning of fuel. It is a non-metallic component that comes with a molecular formula of H₂. 

Hydrogen as a gas is non-carcinogenic and non-toxic in nature. It can be stored as a compressed gas or liquid that is reliable for internal combustion in vehicles.