ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Lab Viva Questions :-
1. The shape of the Earth is:
Geoid
2. Age of the Earth is
4.6 billion years
3. Sial and Sima are separated by
Conrad discontinuity
4. Morhorovicic discontinuity is found between
Crust and Mantle
5. Mantle and Core are separated by
Gutenberg discontinuity
6. The term ‘NiFe’ refers to
Core of the Earth
7. The plastic layer of the mantle is called
Asthenosphere
8. The composition of Sial is
Granitic to grano dioritic
9. The composition of Sima is
Basaltic
10. The polar and equatorial diameter of the Earth is
12,713 km and 12,756 km
Geomorphology :
11. The process of disintegration and decomposition is called
Weathering
12. The process of Erosion includes
Disintegration
13. Frost action takes place due to
Freezing of water
14. Which minerals are highly susceptible to chemical weathering
Ferromagnesian Minerals
15. Which are characteristic functions of the geomorphic agents
Erosion, Transportation and Depositional works
16. William Morris Devis has recognised the stages involves in a cycle of river erosion are
Initial stage, Youth stage, Mature stage and Old stage
17. In which stage of erosional cycle maximum changes occur
Mature stage
18. Waterfalls and Gorges are characteristic features of the river in
Initial stage
19. Pot holes are formed generally by
Abrassion or Corrosion
20. Chemical erosion by river water is known as
Corrosion
21. The transportation by Creeping and Rolling is known as
Traction
22. The plain land produced by the river action is
Peneplain
23. Deltas are formed in
Old Stage of the River
24. The transportation through lifts and falls of materials is known as
Saltation
25. Which type of drainage pattern develops in folded or tilted beds
Trellis pattern
26. Canyon is
A deep valley with steep near vertical sides
27. Pass is
An opening between the Mountains
28. Aeolian topography is created by the geological action of
Wind
29. Yardang topography associated with
Wind action
30. Which instrument is used to measure the wind velocity
Anemometer
31. Loess is
Homogeneous and unstratified deposit of silt
32. A Crescent shaped dune with two tapering arms is known as
Barchan
33. Wind ripples are generally formed by
Saltation movement of sand grains
34. A normal sand-dune is characterised by
Gentle windward and Steeper leeward sides
35. Blow-outs are
Broad shallow depression in desserts
36. When one wing of a Barchan is missing, then it is known as
Seif
37. The space between the dunes is known as
Gassis
38. Chinook is a local hot wind which flows mostly in
USA and Canada
39. Which abrasion is more effective in rounding the sand grains
Wind abrasion
40. “Lag-Gravel” is
The coarse sediments left behind where wind has removes the finer grain sizes
41. Glaciers are formed by
Compaction and Re-crystallisation of snow
42. Ne’ve’ or Flrn are
Granular ice mass
43. The polar glaciers are
Below the freezing point throughout the year
44. The Karst topography developed due to the action of
Groundwater
45. Which process is mainly responsible for development of the Karst topography
Chemical Process
46. The columns of limestone that hang from the ceiling downwards are known as
Stalactites
47. Stalagmites are
Rising up vertically from the floor of the cavern
48. Blind valleys are found in
Karst topography
49. Drip-stones are
Columns formed by joining of Stalactite and Stalagmite
50. ‘Terra rossa’ is
Residual red soil occurring on limestone in Karst region
51. The difference between lake and basin is
Lakes commonly occur above the mean-sea level while basins have their bottoms below the water table.
52. Dhands are
Small lakes of Aeolian origin
53. A narrow strip of water joining the two water bodies is called
Strait
54. The ocean which is between Africa and Australia
Indian Ocean
Crystallography & Mineralogy :
55. The faces, edges and solid angles have a definite relationship with each other. This relationship is expressed by
Euler’s formula
56. Euler’s formula is
F+A = E+2
57. Centre of symmetry is
Repetition is with respect to a point
58. Axis of Symmetry
Repetition is with respect to a line
59. Plane of Symmetry
Repetition is with respect to a plane
60. Which instrument is used to measure the interfacial-angle of crystals
Goniometer
61. Which crystal system is having maximum of classes
Hexagonal system
62. In which crystal system majority of minerals crystallises
Monoclinic system
63. The Isometric system is characterised by
4 axes of 3 fold symmetry
64. What is the normal interfacial angle in dodecahedron form of cubic system
600
65. Gyroidal class belongs to
Isometric system
66. The cleavages in twinned crystals are
In different directions
67. Butterfly twinning is seen in
Gypsum
68. Pericline twin is found in
Plagioclase
69. The degree of transparency of a mineral is known as
Diaphaneity
70. Give an example of a mineral in which cleavage is absent
Quartz, Corundum
71. Hardness of human nail varies between
1.5 to 2.5
72. Hardness is which kind of property
Anisotropic (A mineral may show different values in different directions.)
73. The tendency of a crystallized mineral to break along certain directions yielding more or less smooth, plane surface is
Cleavage
74. The behaviour of a mineral towards the forces that tend to destroy it is called
Tenacity
75. A Mineral is
Naturally occurring inorganic substance with definite chemical composition
76. The external appearance of a Mineral is known as
Habit/ Form
77. The powered form of a mineral is
Streak
78. Shining property of a Mineral is
Lustre
79. Form in which neither a crystal face nor a cleavage is seen in
Amorphous
80. Quartz shows which lustre
Vitreous
81. Which mineral shows silky lustre
Asbestos, Gypsum
82. Mica is
Flexible and elastic
83. Kyanite shows which form
Bladed
84. Structure or form which depicts leaf like sheets is
Lamellar
85. Muscovite mica shows which structure
Foliated
86. Which form resembles human kidney
Reniform
87. chromite shows which type of structure
Granular
88. Colour changing phenomenon which involves oxidation is
Tarnish (A phenomenon of change of original colours of minerals to some secondary colours at its surface due to oxidation at the surface)
89. Diamond shows which type of lustre
Adamantine
90. Streak is an important diagnostic property of
Coloured minerals
91. Generally which minerals give streak
Coloured and opaque
92. Hardness of a mineral depends upon
Chemical composition and atomic constitution
93. The scale of hardness is
Mohs (It was in 1822 that Austrian mineralogist F. Mohs proposed a relative, broadly quantitative “scale of hardness” of minerals assigning values between 1 to 10)
94. Which mineral group is abundantly found in the Earth’s crust
Feldspar group (Second abundant is Silicate or Quartz group)
95. Feldspar is found majority in which kind of rock
Igneous rocks
96. Acicular habit shown in
Natrolite
97. Violet colour of Amethyst is due to
MnO2
98. The mineral which can be cut and powdered are known as
Sectile
99. Opaque minerals indicate their origin from a
Rapidly cooled silicate melt
100. Orpiment and Realgar are Sulphides of
Arsenic
Optical Mineralogy :
101. In natural light, the elctro-magnetic vibrations are:
Always perpendicular to the direction of light-wave prorogation
102. Refractive index depends upon
Nature of the substance and Kind of light used
103. The refractive index of Canada balsam is
1.54
104. Plane polarised light can be produced by
Nicol prism, Reflections, Absorption
105. Backe-line method is used to determine the
Refractive index
106. Which property determines the colour
Wavelength
107. The wavelength varies from slightly more than …. at the red end to about …. at the violet end
7000 Å and 4000 Å respecively
108. The isotropic substance has
A single refractive index
109. Double refraction phenomenon shown by
Anisotropic substance
110. The angle between the reflected and refracted ray is 900, stated by
Brewster’s law
111. Which crystal systems are optically uniaxial
Hexagonal and Tetragonal
112. Which crystal systems have two optic axis
Orthorhombic, Monoclinic and Triclinic
113. Uniaxial crystal are positive if
Ordinary ray has the greater velocity than the Extraordinary ray
114. The difference between the maximum and minimum indices of a particular mineral is known as
Birefringence
115. What is the birefringence of Quartz mineral
0.009
116. Birefringence is used to determine
Thickness of section
117. Bereck compensator is an optical device which is made up of
Calcite
118. The order of interference colour is determined by
Quartz plate
119. A Polaroid is a
Light filter
120. Biaxial minerals show
Symmetrical extinction
121. Complete extinction occurs only when the section is
Perpendicular to optic symmetry
122. Which is also known as Glimmer plate
Gypsum plate
123. Amorphous substance are
Anisotropic
124. Orthoclase is distinguished from Quartz in thin section by
Low refractive index, Type of twinning and Negative sign
125. The Michael-Levy method is used to determine the extinction angle of
Plagioclase
126. Which plate is generally used to determine the optical sign of plagioclase
Selenite plate
127. The Orthopyroxenes show interference colour of
1st order
128. Which type of extinction is often shown by Quartz mineral
Wavy
129. Calcite is characterised by
Rhombohedral cleavage, low interference colour and optically negative character
130. Calcite and Magnesite can be distinguished from one another in thin section
Magnesite is never twinned