[Geography Notes] on What are Manufacturing Industries? Pdf for Exam

The manufacturing industry as the name suggests deals with the manufacturing of finished new products from raw materials or essential parts. This process of transforming raw materials or unfinished products to new finished products can involve  physical, chemical, or mechanical transformations. 

Manufacturing does not always mean the use of machines and equipment, they can be manufactured by hand also as in small scale industries of handicrafts, hand baked items, hand manufactured edibles like jam, pickle, etc.

The present and future economy of the country depends on two main pillars: one is the agricultural industry and the other is the manufacturing industry. In Fact, both are dependent on each other to some extent and when they togetherly run smoothly they can develop the country as a whole. Students should be aware of these two industries to know their country better and be a responsible citizen in the future when they can play their respective role in improving the condition of the country both economically and professionally.

Manufacturing Industry and Example of Food Manufacturing 

The food sector of manufacturing transforms agricultural or livestock products into products for consumption examples are baked goods, grains, fruit and vegetable preserves, and animal meat.

Beverage and Tobacco Products Manufacturing

Beverage products include those that are non-alcoholic, and that are alcoholic through the fermentation or distillation process. Tobacco products are loose tobacco products and those that are in cigarette or cigar form.

Textile Manufacturing 

Textile manufacturers turn fibres into usable fabrics that will eventually be transformed into consumer goods, examples are fibre, yarn, thread, and fabric mills.

Apparel Manufacturing 

Apparel manufacturers fall into two main types: the first one is cut and sew and the second type involves knitting the fabric and then cutting and sewing it. 

Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

This sector deals with the manufacturing of leather and leather substitutes such as rubbers or plastics. 

Wood Product Manufacturing

Wood manufacturing covers products like lumber, plywood, etc.

Paper Manufacturing

Paper manufacturers make pulp, paper, or converted paper products. 

Petroleum and Coal Manufacturing 

This industry deals with transforming crude petroleum and coal into usable consumer products. 

Chemical Manufacturing 

Chemicals manufacturing encompasses several different industries and this manufacturing process is the transformation of organic or inorganic materials into a unique product. 

Examples are pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, soaps, cleaning compounds, and more.

Plastics and rubbers Manufacturing

This manufacturing sector makes rubbers and plastics and they are lumped together because they are used as substitutes for one another. 

Metal Manufacturing

The metal manufacturing sector produces metals like iron, steel, aluminium, etc. 

Fabricated Metal Manufacturing

Metals are transformed into other end products, examples are cutlery, hand tools, hardware, springs, screws, nuts, and bolts.

 

Machinery Manufacturing

This sector of manufacturing creates machines that apply a mechanical force that is created through processes like forging, stamping, bending, forming, welding, and assembling of parts.

Computer and Electronics Manufacturing

This sector is rapidly growing and continues to grow. The insatiable demand for electronics makes this a highly competitive industry because of the use of integrated circuits and miniaturized technology. 

This grouping includes computers, communications equipment, and audio and visual equipment.

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Nearly everything related to transporting goods and people is produced in this manufacturing sector and this is a huge sector of the manufacturing industry, encompassing motor vehicles, planes, trains, and ships. 

Transportation equipment generally qualifies as machinery. The manufacturing process is extremely complex and requires many different components to be made in the same factories. 

Furniture Manufacturing 

This sector includes the production of various furniture and all other related products like mattresses, blinds, cabinets, and lighting. Goods that are manufactured in this sector are functional and have a well-thought-out design. 

There are many processes that can go into manufacturing furniture examples are cutting, shaping, finishing, and attaching wood to make a table.

Different Types of Manufacturing Companies

Clothing and Textiles

Companies that process raw wool, cotton, and flax to make cloth come under the clothing and textiles sector. This sector also applies the use of wool and cloth to make clothes, outerwear, upholstery fabrics, and bedding.

Petroleum, Chemicals, and Plastics

The process of turning chemicals, coal, as well as crude oil into usable products. Also the making of soaps, resins, paints, and pesticides. The manufacturing of medicines belongs to this sector of manufacturing.

Electronics, Computers, and Transportation

These fields are closely related, but they are usually treated as two different sectors of manufacturing. Most of the products in this manufacturing sector use electric power. 

Food Production

The inclusion of agriculture into manufacturing in modern society shows how agriculture has changed over the past years and imitates more of a food production factory than an organic-style farm of a century ago. As the simplest of all manufacturing industries, it includes all forms of food production. From the farm to the dinner table and that includes such work as canning and purifying.

Metal Manufacturing

Oil and chemical manufacturing, and also metals belong to the heavy industry.  

Wood, Leather, and Paper

• Wood production deals with all forms of manufacturing floors or housing, and also sawing and laminating. 

• Under leather industries, one will find all the tanning and curing. But the creation of leather clothes belongs to clothing and textiles. 

• The paper production process is classified by the cleansing of raw wood pulp into paper products.

Conclusion

Manufacturing industry has changed the scenario not only of agriculture, but textile and petrol. It brings positive change to the economy of the country, and better study about it will help to bring more innovation.