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This set of VHDL written test Questions & Answers on “Implementing Sequential Circuits with VHDL”.
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1. A sequential logic can’t be executed by concurrent statements only.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is true that a sequential logic can’t be executed by concurrent statements only. It requires the sequential statements because they make use of a clock signal.
2. Which of the following sequential circuit doesn’t need a clock signal?
a) Flip flop
b) Asynchronous counter
c) Shift register
d) Latch
Answer: d
Clarification: Latch has an enable input, but no clock signal. All other circuits including asynchronous counter needs a clock signal. It is called asynchronous because every flip flop doesn’t have same clock signal.
3. The following timing diagram shows ______ flip flop.
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a) T flip-flop
b) D flip-flop
c) SR flip-flop
d) JK flip-flop
Answer: b
Clarification: Since there is only one input to the flip flop, therefore, it can be either D or T flip flop. But, the output becomes equal to the input signal as soon as there is a positive edge of the clock therefore, it is a delay flip flop.
4. The process used for implementation of sequential logic in VHDL is called ______ process.
a) Sequential process
b) Combinational process
c) Clocked process
d) Unclocked process
Answer: c
Clarification: A process with a clock signal in its sensitivity list is called a clocked process. In case of sequential logic circuit, one needs a clock signal in the sensitivity list.
5. Why do we need to define clock signal in the sensitivity list of the process?
a) To trigger the statement as soon as there is some event on clock
b) To trigger the clock signal as soon as there is some event on input
c) To trigger the clock signal as soon as there is some event on output
d) To trigger the statement as soon as there is some event on input
Answer: a
Clarification: To monitor the events on clock signal, whether it is positive triggered circuit or negative triggered circuit, we need to define the clock as a signal in the sensitivity list. When it is in the sensitivity list, then every single positive or negative edge of the signal will trigger the statements inside the process.
6. A user has designed JK flip flop by using the VHDL code. The output is continuously switching between 0 and 1. This condition is known as _______
a) Switching condition
b) Master slave condition
c) Race around condition
d) Edge triggered condition
Answer: c
Clarification: This continuous switching of output between 0 and 1 may be the result of toggle state of the flip flop. This occurs when both the inputs J and K are high and the output toggles its previous state. This condition is called the race around the condition.
7. Which of the following method is not used to remove the race around condition in a flip flop?
a) Using level triggered flip flop
b) Using master slave flip flop
c) Using edge triggered flip flop
d) All of the above are used to remove the race around
Answer: a
Clarification: The race around condition in JK flip flop can be removed by two methods which are using edge triggered flip flop and by using master slave flip flop. However, using level triggered flip flop cause the race around condition.
8. Which of the following attribute is generally used in implementation of sequential circuits?
a) ‘STABLE
b) ‘LENGTH
c) ‘LAST_EVENT
d) ‘EVENT
Answer: d
Clarification: Generally ‘EVENT attribute is used in implementation of sequential circuits, because sequential circuit makes use of clock signal which needs to be detected at every positive or negative edge.
9. Which of the following line is correct for detecting positive edge of a clock?
a) IF (clk’EVENT AND clk = ‘0’)
b) IF (clk’EVENT AND clk = ‘1’)
c) IF (clk’EVENT OR clk = ‘0’)
d) IF (clk’EVENT OR clk = ‘1’)
Answer: b
Clarification: The correct way to identify the positive edge of the clock signal is shown in option b. The ‘EVENT attribute will detect the event and clk = ‘1’ will check whether its high on clock or not. In this way the positive edge is monitored. We need to use AND operator because both of the conditions should be true.
10. A user doesn’t want to use the IF statement for detecting clock edge. It is possible to do the same by using any other keyword in VHDL.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is completely possible to detect the clock edge (positive or negative) by any other method than IF statement. One can use the WAIT statement to detect either of the edge of the clock pulse.
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