[Physics Class Notes] on Unit of Momentum Pdf for Exam

Momentum is a term that is highly used in sports. When it is said that a team has momentum, it is a bit difficult to defeat the team. Momentum is a term that is associated with Physics, and it means the amount of motion contained in a body. When an object is in motion, it is said to have some momentum.

In simple words, momentum is defined as “mass in motion”. All the objects possess some mass, and when an object moves, it has momentum, i.e., it has its mass in motion. The momentum of an object depends upon two parameters, firstly the mass of the object and secondly the velocity at which the object is moving. So momentum depends upon the mass and the velocity of the object.

Derived Unit of Momentum

In mathematical terms, the momentum of an object is the product of the mass of the object and its velocity.

Momentum = mass * velocity

In physics, the momentum of an object is denoted by ‘p’. So the equation can be written as,

p = m * v

Where,

m = mass of the body, and

v = velocity of the body

The above equation describes that the momentum of a body is directly proportional to the mass & its velocity.

The si unit of momentum in physics is the product of units of mass and velocity. The unit of mass is kg, and that of velocity is 

ms^-1 s^-1

Hence, the SI unit of momentum is kgm/s⁻¹.

Other Momentum Units

Let us consider a situation in which the applied force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object. So,

Force = rate of change of momentum

or

Force = (change in momentum)/(time interval) then, 

Change in momentum = Force * (time interval). 

Hence, the SI unit for momentum in physics can also be Newton-second (Ns).

In the CGS system, the mass of an object is considered in grams, and velocity is considered in terms of centimeters per second. Therefore, the unit of momentum is gram-centimeters per second (g⋅cm/s).

The standard unit of momentum is kg*m/s. There are some other units of momentum viz: kg*mi/hr, kg*km/hr, and g*cm/s. In each of these units, the unit of mass of the object is multiplied by the unit of the velocity of the object.

Impulse

In Classical Mechanics, Impulse ( represented by J or Imp) is the integral of a force, F, over the time interval, t, for which it acts. Since force is a vector volume, the impulse is also a vector volume. Impulse applied to an object produces an original vector change in its direct instigation, also in the attendant direction. The SI unit of impulse is the Newton second (Ns), and the dimensionally original unit of instigation is the kilogram cadence per second (kg ⋅ m/ s). The corresponding English engineering unit is the pound-second (lbf ⋅ s), and in the British Gravitational System, the unit is the slug- bottom per second (slug ⋅ ft/ s). 

An attendant force causes acceleration and a change in the haste of the body for as long as it acts. An attendant force applied over a longer time, thus, produces a bigger change in direct instigation than the same force applied compactly; the change in instigation is equal to the product of the average force and duration. Again, a small force applied for a long time produces the same change in instigation — the same impulse — as a larger force applied compactly. 

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