Name reactions are those chemical reactions that are named after the scientists who discovered or developed them. This trend started in 1822 with scientist Lieben. He studied the reaction of many carbonyl compounds with iodine and alkali and postulated rules that formed the basis of the iodoform test. This is the reason the reaction was named after Lieben and was called LIeben Haloform Reaction. Presently, hundreds of well-known organic reactions have been named after scientists. All these name reactions are very important for board examinations and competitive exams such as IIT JEE, NEET etc.
Importance of Name Reactions
If you are in class 12, then all name reactions are very important to score well in the board exam and clear JEE or NEET exams. Here we are providing you with a list of important named reactions in organic chemistry, which will be handy for you during revision. We have linked listed named reactions with separate pages as well in which named reactions are given with detailed descriptions, mechanisms and applications.
List of Important Name Reactions in Organic Chemistry
By this reaction, alkyl benzene is formed by the reaction of the aromatic compound and alkyl halide in the presence of Friedel craft catalyst (AlCl3). For more details, visit the following pages on – Friedel Crafts Reaction.
By this reaction, a monoacyl aromatic compound is formed by the reaction of an acylating agent and aromatic compound in the presence of Friedel craft catalyst. For more details, visit the following pages on – Friedel Crafts Reaction.
In this reaction, 1° or 2° amine/ ammonia reacts with non-enolizable aldehyde and enolizable carbonyl compounds to form a Mannich base. For more details on mannich reaction, visit the following page on –Mannich Reaction.
In Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction, an amide reacts with bromine and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide which produces primary amine. For more details, visit the following pages on – Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction Mechanism.
In the Rosenmund Reaction, acyl chloride is hydrogenated to get reduced into aldehyde, and palladium-barium sulphate is used as a catalyst. For more details, visit the following pages on – Rosenmund Reduction Mechanism.
Hofmann Elimination Reaction
Tertiary amines and alkenes are formed by Hofmann elimination reaction. For more details, visit the Hofmann Elimination article page on .
In this reaction, one molecule of aldehyde is oxidized to carboxylic acid, and another molecule of aldehyde is reduced to an alcohol. For more details, visit the following pages on – Cannizzaro Reaction Mechanism.
It is a coupling reaction in which two alkyl halides react with sodium to form a new alkane. For more details, visit Wurtz Reaction and Important Chemical Reactions for Class 12 Chemistry pages on .
It is a halogen exchange reaction in which alkyl halide is used as one of the reactants. For more details, visit Swartz Reaction and Important Chemical Reactions for Class 12 Chemistry pages on .
It is used to make cinnamic acids. It gives α,β-unsaturated aromatic acid by aldol condensation. For more details, visit the Perkin Reaction Mechanism page on .
In the Sandmeyer reaction, a product of diazotization reaction, which is diazonium salt, is used to synthesize aryl halides.
It is used in the synthesis of aromatic ring compounds such as aromatic halides and aromatic aldehydes.
This reaction is used in the formation of fluorobenzene.
The reaction in which alkyl iodides are prepared by the reaction of alkyl chloride or alkyl bromide with sodium iodide in dry acetone is called Finkelstein Reaction.
When aryl halides react with metallic sodium in the presence of dry ether, it forms biphenyl as a major product. Then this reaction is known as the Fittig Reaction.
In the Reimer – Tiemann reaction, phenol reacts with chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide, as a result of which an aldehyde group gets attached to the ortho position of the ring.
This reaction gives 2-hydroxybenzoic acid or salicylic acid by using phenol, sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.
In Stephen Reaction, nitrile reacts with SnCl2 in the presence of HCl and gives imine hydrochloride, which on hydrolysis gives aldehyde.
In the Gattermann – Koch reaction, benzene is treated with carbon monoxide in the acidic medium in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride to give benzaldehyde.
In the Clemmensen reduction reaction, the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones on reaction with zinc amalgam and conc. HCl is reduced to their corresponding hydrocarbon.
In Wolff Kishner Reduction Reaction, the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones reacts with hydrazine and forms hydrazone, which on heating with sodium hydroxide in boiling ethylene glycol reduces to CH2 group.
In an aldol condensation reaction, two molecules of an aldehyde or ketones get condensed and form β – hydroxy aldehyde or β – hydroxy ketone, respectively, in the presence of dilute alkali.
When aliphatic or aromatic primary amines are heated with chloroform, and ethanolic potassium hydroxide produces carbyl amines or isocyanides. This reaction is known as the carbylamine reaction.
For more details, visit the Important Chemical Reactions for Class 12 Chemistry page on .
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