Clinical Science Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “Collection of Blood in Pathology”.
1. On collecting blood, what solution is added to it?
A. sodium citrate
B. potassium citrate
C. sodium phosphate
D. potassium phosphate
Answer: A
Clarification: Sodium Citrate is an anticoagulant. Adding it ensures that the blood does not coagulate in the blood bags. If the blood is left static, i.e. if it does not keep moving, it starts coagulating. Once even if a small amount of blood has coagulated, even if it has a few cells, the coagulation spreads. The coagulation of blood can begin within a few minutes after extraction of blood and can finish within a few hours. To avoid this situation, anticoagulants are used.
2. Which of the following tests can be performed on the extracted blood?
i) HIV ii) Diabetes iii) Hepatitis B surface antigen iv) Malaria v) Antibody to Hepatitis C vi) Serological test for Syphilis vii) Dengue viii) Creatinine
A. i, iii, v, vi
B. i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, viii, viii
C. ii, iv, vii, viii
D. i, v, viii
Answer: A
Clarification: Once the blood has been donated, before storing it, it undergoes some basic tests to ensure that it can be used for transfusing into a patient in times of need. The tests include all those pathological problems that can be transmitted via blood. This blood test serves two purposes, one is to check if the donated blood is appropriate for transfusion, the second is that if any abnormality is detected, the person can be called back for further tests.
3. How much blood does the body have in reserve and where is it stored?
A. 150 ml stored in liver
B. 10 ml stored in gall bladder
C. 100 ml stored in the spleen
D. 15 ml stored in the heart
Answer: C
Clarification: Spleen stores almost three months of reserves of blood. When the body suffers from blood loss due to injury or trauma, the spleen releases blood to act as a buffer and prevent any critical situations from happening. Even after blood donation, the spleen releases blood to cover up for the loss. It takes almost three months for the spleen to recover its lost blood.
4. What is the optimum temperature to store blood right after collecting it?
A. 25℃
B. 22℃
C. 20℃
D. 15℃
Answer: B
Clarification: Once the blood is collected, it is stored at 22℃. At this temperature, the blood proteins are safe from degeneration, the cells function properly and the presence of anticoagulants ensures that the blood is not clotting.
5. How is dengue detected in blood?
A. Low level of RBCs
B. Low level of WBCs
C. Low level of Platelets
D. Low level of fibrin
Answer: C
Clarification: While dengue expresses itself in the form of fever, the sure test for dengue is the reduction in the number of platelets. The loss of platelets reduces the blood clotting capacity. When a person suffers from external injury the bleeding does not stop easily. When there is a severe reduction of platelets, the person may suffer from internal bleeding and die.
6. What machine is used to test the blood?
A. Auto analyzer
B. Hemodialyzer
C. Diathermy machine
D. Ventilator
Answer: A
Clarification: An auto analyzer has various tests and processes of doing those tests fed into it. It can do a test for over hundred samples using minimum amounts of blood within a span of few hours. Thus, an auto analyzer is currently the most favorite machine to do the various tests regarding blood.
7. What is the normal haemoglobin content of the RBCs?
A. 0.3pgm
B. 3.0pgm
C. 30pgm
D. 300pgm
Answer: C
Clarification: Haemoglobin is the protein that is responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon-dioxide from the lungs to the cells in the body. Haemoglobin is carried by the RBCs and every RBC has 30pgm of haemoglobin.
8. Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of _________
A. Haemoglobin
B. Fibrin
c)Thrombin
D. Neutrophils
Answer: A
Clarification: An important component of haemoglobin is iron. When the quantity of iron goes down in body, it causes the haemoglobin content of the body to go down. Anemia symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath etc.
9. Hemophilia is more dominant in _________
A. Males
B. Females
C. Young children
D. Transvestite
Answer: A
Clarification: Haemophilia is a genetic problem in which the X chromosome is the carrier of the mutated gene. If a person is suffering from hemophilia, their blood has lost the ability to clot or the blood clotting ability has gone down. Since men have one X and one Y chromosome, they are more susceptible to get hemophilia.
10. A virus that destroys the immunity of the body and can spread through blood is __________
A. HIV
B. Gonorrhea
C. Anemia
D. Hemophilia
Answer: A
Clarification: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV attacks the immune system of the body and causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). A common method for HIV to propagate is through the transfusion of blood. It can stay hidden for long periods of time and can be discovered much later after it has attacked.