Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions on “Arrhythmias Monitor”.
1. Which is the most important physiological parameter monitored in the intensive care unit?
a) temperature
b) heart rate
c) blood pressure
d) skin color
Answer: b
Clarification: The most important physiological parameters monitored in the intensive care unit are the heart rate and the morphology or shape of the electrical waveform produced by the heart. This is done to observe the presence of arrhythmias or to detect changes in the heart rate that might be indicative of a serious condition.
2. Which of the following instrument is used for monitoring patients with cardiac problems?
a) Cardiac Monitor
b) Central Monitor
c) Bedside Patient Monitor
d) Blood Pressure Monitor
Answer: a
Clarification: A Cardiac monitor is specifically useful for monitoring patients with cardiac problems and the special areas in the hospitals where they are generally used are known as cardiac care units or coronary care units (CCU). These instruments are also called ‘Cardioscopes’.
3. Which of the following instrument is also known as Cardioscopes?
a) Central Monitor
b) Bedside Patient Monitor
c) Cardiac Monitor
d) Blood Pressure Monitor
Answer: c
Clarification: A Cardiac monitor is specifically useful for monitoring patients with cardiac problems and the special areas in the hospitals where they are generally used are known as cardiac care units or coronary care units (CCU). These instruments are also called ‘Cardioscopes’.
4. Disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ____________ signal in cardiac monitor.
a) EOG
b) EMG
c) ECG
d) PCG
Answer: c
Clarification: A Cardiac monitor is specifically useful for monitoring patients with cardiac problems and the special areas in the hospitals where they are generally used are known as cardiac care units or coronary care units (CCU). These instruments are also called ‘Cardioscopes’ and comprise of disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ECG signal. Amplifier and a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the amplification and display the ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG waveform.
5. What is used for amplification of signal in cardiac monitor?
a) Piezoelectric device
b) Transducer
c) Amplifier
d) Tape recorder
Answer: c
Clarification: ‘Cardioscopes’ and comprise of disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ECG signal. Amplifier and a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the amplification and display the ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG waveform.
6. _____________ is used to display ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG waveform.
a) Amplifier
b) Transducer
c) Tape Recorder
d) Cathode ray tube
Answer: d
Clarification: ‘Cardioscopes’ and comprise of disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ECG signal. Amplifier and a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the amplification and display the ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG waveform.
7. A cardioscope differ in one important aspects as compared to the conventional instrument.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: False, Cardioscope differ in two important aspects as compared to the conventional instrument. These are slower sweep speeds and a long persistence screen. The slow sweep speed necessitates the use of a long persistence screen so as to enable a convenient observation of the waveform.
8. The slow sweep is an outcome of the low frequency character of ________________ signal.
a) EMG
b) EOG
c) ECG
d) PCG
Answer: c
Clarification: The slow sweep is an outcome of the low frequency character of the ECG signal. The slow sweep speed necessitates the use of a long persistence screen so as to enable a convenient observation of the waveform. Without a long persistence screen, one can only see a moving dot of light instead of a continuous trace.
9. What is total sweep time for a 13-cm screen?
a) 0 to 0.5 s
b) 0.5 to 2 s
c) 2 to 2.5 s
d) 2.5 to 5 s
Answer: d
Clarification: Without a long persistence screen, one can only see a moving dot of light instead of a continuous trace. Typically for a 13-cm screen, total sweep time is usually kept as 2.5 or 5 s. In this way, one can observe at least four heart beats in a single sweep period.
10. How many heart beat one can observe in a single sweep period?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: d
Clarification: Without a long persistence screen, one can only see a moving dot of light instead of a continuous trace. Typically for a 13-cm screen, total sweep time is usually kept as 2.5 or 5 s. In this way, one can observe at least four heart beats in a single sweep period.
11. What indicate average heart rate with audible beep?
a) disposable electrodes
b) heart rate meter
c) amplifier
d) cathode ray tube
Answer: b
Clarification: ‘Cardioscopes’ and comprise of disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ECG signal. Amplifier and a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the amplification and display the ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG waveform.A heart rate meter to indicate average heart rate with audible beep or flashing light or both with each beat.
12. What is diameter of CRT used in small cardioscopes?
a) 1”
b) 3”
c) 5”
d) 7”
Answer: c
Clarification: Small cardioscopes using 3” diameter cathode ray tubes are mounted on anaesthesia trollies. These are called “Anaesthesia monitors”. These monitors are use by the anaesthetist for continuous monitoring of the ECG of anaesthetized patients.
13. An alarm system is used to produce signal in event of abnormalities occurring in heart rate.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: ‘Cardioscopes’ and comprise of disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ECG signal. Amplifier and a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the amplification and display the ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG waveform.An alarm system to produce signal in the event of abnormalities occurring in the heart rate.
14. What is range of RF signals generated by Electrosurgery machine?
a) 0 to 0.4 MHz
b) 0.4 to 5 MHz
c) 5 to 6.5 MHz
d) 6.5 to 10 MHz
Answer: b
Clarification: Electrosurgery machines generate RF signals within a range of 0.4 to 5 MHz with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 100 to 1000 V, pulse modulated at rates from 1.5 to 25 kHz for coagulating or 120 Hz for cutting. Cardiac monitors are often used in operation theatres, where the RF is applied through a pointed scalpel at the point of incision and the return path for the current is through a wide area electrode on the opposite side of the patient’s body.
15. Which of the following storage device is used for storing digital information in memory monitors?
a) Hard disk
b) Magnetic Tape
c) RAM
d) DVD
Answer: c
Clarification: Two basic types of storage devices are used to store digital information in memory monitors: shift registers and random access memories. Both of them are equally good for this application. The other important component of memory monitors is the analog-to-digital converter.