Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Human Excretory System – 2”.
1. Which of the following structure encloses glomerulus?
a) Bowman’s capsule
b) Medullary pyramids
c) Cortex
d) Renal capsule
Answer: a
Clarification: The renal tubule, Bowman’s capsule encloses the glomerulus. Bowman’s capsule is a double-walled cup-like structure. Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule is called a Malpighian body. The inner wall of Bowman’s capsule consists of a special type of cells known as podocytes.
2. What is the full form of PCT?
a) Proximal Coronary Tube
b) Proximal Convoluted Tubule
c) Proximal Carotid Tube
d) Part Covering Thymus
Answer: b
Clarification: PCT stands for Proximal Convoluted Tubule. The renal corpuscle continues further to form a highly coiled network of PCT. Brush bordered cuboidal epithelium is present in PCT.
3. Which of the following is succeeded by PCT?
a) Henle’s loop
b) Glomerulus
c) DCT
d) Collecting duct
Answer: a
Clarification: The highly coiled proximal convoluted tubule leads to a hairpin shaped Henle’s loop which has a descending and an ascending limb. The ascending limb continues further to another tubule.
4. Where do the DCTs of nephrons open into?
a) PCT
b) Henle’s loop
c) Conducting duct
d) Glomerulus
Answer: c
Clarification: The ascending limb of Henle’s loop continues as another highly coiled tubular region called distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct, many of which converge and open into the renal pelvis through medullary pyramids in the calyces.
5. Which of the following is not situated in the cortical region of the kidney?
a) PCT
b) DCT
c) Malpighian corpuscle
d) Loop of Henle
Answer: d
Clarification: The loop of Henle is not situated in the cortical regions of the kidney as it is that part of renal tubule which dips into the medulla. The Malpighian corpuscle, PCT, and DCT are some parts of the nephron which are situated in the cortical regions of the kidney.
6. In the majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is too large.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In the majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is too short and extends to a very little extent into the medulla. Such nephrons are called cortical nephrons.
7. Where do the juxtamedullary nephrons dip?
a) Medullary pyramids
b) Calyces
c) Deep in the medulla
d) Renal pelvis
Answer: c
Clarification: In some of the nephrons in the kidney, the loop of Henle is very long and runs deep into the medulla. These nephrons dipping into the medullary region are known as juxtamedullary nephrons.
8. The peritubular capillaries emerge from which of the following?
a) Efferent arteriole
b) Afferent arteriole
c) Henle’s loop
d) Renal artery
Answer: a
Clarification: The peritubular capillaries emerge from the efferent arteriole which initially emerges out of glomerulus. This arteriole forms a fine capillary network around the renal tubule which is known as peritubular capillaries. These capillaries further surround the loop of Henle.
9. Which of the following runs parallel to the Henle’s loop?
a) Renal artery
b) Renal vein
c) Vasa recta
d) Ureters
Answer: c
Clarification: A minute vessel of peritubular capillaries run parallel to the Henle’s loop forming a U shaped vasa recta. Vasa recta are absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.
10. What does the question mark in the given figure represents?
a) Afferent arteriole
b) Efferent arteriole
c) Glomerulus
d) Bowman’s capsule
Answer: d
Clarification: The question mark represents Bowman’s capsule. The complete labelling of the given figure as shown below:
The given diagram represents a Malpighian body or a renal corpuscle.