Data Structures & Algorithms Multiple Choice Questions on “Pairing Heap”.
1. What is the reason for the efficiency of a pairing heap?
a) simplicity
b) time-efficient
c) space-efficient
d) advanced
Answer: a
Clarification: The reason for the simplicity of a pairing heap is its simplicity as it is simpler and outperform other heap structures.
2. How is a pairing heap represented?
a) binary tree
b) fibonacci tree
c) heap ordered tree
d) treap
Answer: c
Clarification: A pairing heap is represented as a heap-ordered tree and the analysis of pairing heap is open.
3. The actual pairing heap implementation uses the right child and left child representation.
a) true
b) false
Answer: b
Clarification: The actual pairing heap implementation uses a left child and right sibling representation since it follows heap order property.
4. Which node contains a pointer to its parent?
a) root node
b) right most child
c) left most child
d) left sibling
Answer: c
Clarification: A node that is a leftmost node contains a pointer to its parent, otherwise, the node is a right sibling.
5. What is the run time efficiency of an insertion algorithm?
a) O(N)
b) O(log N)
c) O(N2)
d) O(M log N)
Answer: a
Clarification: The run time efficiency of an insertion algorithm in a pairing heap is mathematically found to be O(N).
6. What is the basic operation performed in a pairing heap?
a) merge
b) deletion
c) insertion
d) swapping
Answer: a
Clarification: The basic operation performed in a pairing heap is merging. Insertion is also done by merging.
7. If there are c children of the root, how many calls to the merge procedure is required to reassemble the heap?
a) c
b) c+1
c) c-1
d) 1
Answer: c
Clarification: If there are c children of the root, then c-1 merges are required to reassemble the pairing heap.
8. Which of the following methods is the best choice for complex applications?
a) binary heap
b) d-heap
c) treap
d) pairing heap
Answer: d
Clarification: Pairing heap is the best choice for complex applications because it is simple and better than the others.
9. Pairing heaps time complexity was inspired by that of?
a) splay tree
b) treap
c) red-black tree
d) avl tree
Answer: a
Clarification: The pairing heaps insertion, deletion and search time complexity was initially inspired by that of splay trees.
10. The roots of the elements of the subtrees are smaller than the root of the heap.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The heap ordering property requires that all the root elements of the subtrees in the list are not smaller than the root element of the heap.
11. The amortized time efficiency for performing deletion of a minimum element is?
a) O(N)
b) O(log N)
c) O(N2)
d) O(M log N)
Answer: b
Clarification: The amortized time efficiency for performing deletion of a minimum element is mathematically found to be O(log N).
12. Out of the following given options, which is the fastest algorithm?
a) fibonacci heap
b) pairing heap
c) d-ary heap
d) binary heap
Answer: a
Clarification: Although pairing heap is an efficient algorithm, it is worse than the Fibonacci heap. Also, pairing heap is faster than d-ary heap and binary heap.