Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions on “Direct Writing Recorders”.
1. How many kidneys does a human have?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Answer: b
Clarification: The human body has two kidneys which lie in the back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm, one on each side of the vertebral column. Each kidney consists of about a million individual units, all similar in structure and function. The main function of the kidneys is to form urine out of blood plasma.
2. The removal of waste products from blood plasma is performed by ___________
a) kidney
b) liver
c) heart
d) lungs
Answer: a
Clarification: The main function of the kidneys is to form urine out of blood plasma, which basically consists of two processes: (i) the removal of waste products from blood plasma, and (ii) the regulation of the composition of blood plasma. The human body has two kidneys which lie in the back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm, one on each side of the vertebral column.
3. The regulation of the composition of blood plasma is done by which of the following organ?
a) skin
b) heart
c) kidney
d) lung
Answer: c
Clarification: The human body has two kidneys which lie in the back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm, one on each side of the vertebral column. The main function of the kidneys is to form urine out of blood plasma, which basically consists of two processes: (i) the removal of waste products from blood plasma, and (ii) the regulation of the composition of blood plasma.
4. Each kidney consists of about a million individual units, all similar in structure and function. These tiny units are called __________
a) nerves
b) neurons
c) capillaries
d) nephrons
Answer: d
Clarification: Each kidney consists of about a million individual units, all similar in structure and function. These tiny units are called nephrons. A nephron is composed of two parts—a cluster of capillary loops called the glomerulus and a tubule.
5. Which of the following is the correct anatomical position of the kidney?
a) front of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm
b) back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm
c) back of the abdominal cavity just above the diaphragm
d) front of the abdominal cavity just above the diaphragm
Answer: b
Clarification: The human body has two kidneys which lie in the back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm, one on each side of the vertebral column. Each kidney consists of about a million individual units, all similar in structure and function. These tiny units are called nephrons.
6. Each kidney consists _______ number of nephrons.
a) thousands
b) millions
c) billions
d) trillions
Answer: b
Clarification: Each kidney consists of millions number of nephrons. A nephron is composed of two parts—a cluster of capillary loops called the glomerulus and a tubule. The tubule runs a tortuous course and ultimately drains via a collecting duct into the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter, i.e. the tube which conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder.
7. The kidneys work only on plasma.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The kidneys work only on plasma. The erythrocytes supply oxygen to the kidneys but serve no other function in urine formation. Each substance in plasma is handled in a characteristic manner by the nephron, involving particular combinations of filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
8. The ___________ carry blood at very high pressure from the aorta into the glomerular capillary.
a) renal arteries
b) russal arteries
c) pulmonary arteries
d) fenal arteries
Answer: a
Clarification: The renal arteries carry blood at very high pressure from the aorta into the glomerular capillary tuft. The blood pressure within the glomerular capillaries is 70–90 mm of mercury. The blood flow through the capillary tuft is controlled by the state of contraction of the muscle of the arteriole leading to the tuft.